Devco1
Home
Console
Upload
New File
New Folder
Tools
Info
About
/
usr
/
share
/
perl5
/
pod
/
Filename :
perltoc.pod
back
Copy
# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods. # Edit those files and run pod/buildtoc to effect changes. =encoding UTF-8 =head1 NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents =head1 DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION =head2 perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item GETTING HELP =over 4 =item Overview =item Tutorials =item Reference Manual =item Internals and C Language Interface =item Miscellaneous =item Language-Specific =item Platform-Specific =item Stubs for Deleted Documents =back =item DESCRIPTION =item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR =item FILES =item SEE ALSO =item DIAGNOSTICS =item BUGS =item NOTES =back =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is Perl? =item Running Perl programs =item Safety net =item Basic syntax overview =item Perl variable types Scalars, Arrays, Hashes =item Variable scoping =item Conditional and looping constructs if, while, for, foreach =item Builtin operators and functions Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous =item Files and I/O =item Regular expressions Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features =item Writing subroutines =item OO Perl =item Using Perl modules =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems X<hashbang> X<#!> OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, VMS =item Location of Perl X<perl, location of interpreter> =item Command Switches X<perl, command switches> X<command switches> B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C [I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>, B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I<MOD[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt:>I<MOD[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-E> I<commandline> X<-E>, B<-f> X<-f> X<sitecustomize> X<sitecustomize.pl>, B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i> X<in-place>, B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>, B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/> X<$\>, B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n> X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>, B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>, B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>, B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>, B<-x>I<directory> =back =item ENVIRONMENT X<perl, environment variables> HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>, PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>, :mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>, PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_PERTURB_KEYS X<PERL_PERTURB_KEYS>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_MEM_LOG X<PERL_MEM_LOG>, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>, PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC X<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) X<SYS$LOGIN> =back =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? =item The Solution =item Syntax =over 4 =item Making References =item Using References =item An Example =item Arrow Rule =back =item Solution =item The Rest =item Summary =item Credits =over 4 =item Distribution Conditions =back =back =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs =item REFERENCES X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer> =item COMMON MISTAKES =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence> =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict> =item DEBUGGING X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging> X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging> X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging> X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging> =item CODE EXAMPLES =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS X<array of arrays> X<AoA> =over 4 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back =item HASHES OF ARRAYS X<hash of arrays> X<HoA> =over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS =back =item ARRAYS OF HASHES X<array of hashes> X<AoH> =over 4 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES =back =item HASHES OF HASHES X<hash of hashes> X<HoH> =over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES =back =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS X<record> X<structure> X<struct> =over 4 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back =item Database Ties =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays =item Growing Your Own =item Access and Printing =item Slices =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Guide =over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching =item Extracting matches =item Matching repetitions =item More matching =item Search and replace =item The split operator =item C<use re 'strict'> =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Part 1: The basics =over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching Z<>0. Start with the first letter in the string C<'a'>, Z<>1. Try the first alternative in the first group C<'abd'>, Z<>2. Match C<'a'> followed by C<'b'>. So far so good, Z<>3. C<'d'> in the regexp doesn't match C<'c'> in the string - a dead end. So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first group C<'abc'>, Z<>4. Match C<'a'> followed by C<'b'> followed by C<'c'>. We are on a roll and have satisfied the first group. Set C<$1> to C<'abc'>, Z<>5 Move on to the second group and pick the first alternative C<'df'>, Z<>6 Match the C<'d'>, Z<>7. C<'f'> in the regexp doesn't match C<'e'> in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one character and pick the second alternative in the second group C<'d'>, Z<>8. C<'d'> matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set C<$2> to C<'d'>, Z<>9. We are at the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched C<'abcd'> out of the string C<"abcde"> =item Extracting matches =item Backreferences =item Relative backreferences =item Named backreferences =item Alternative capture group numbering =item Position information =item Non-capturing groupings =item Matching repetitions Z<>0. Start with the first letter in the string C<'t'>, Z<>1. The first quantifier C<'.*'> starts out by matching the whole string "C<the cat in the hat>", Z<>2. C<'a'> in the regexp element C<'at'> doesn't match the end of the string. Backtrack one character, Z<>3. C<'a'> in the regexp element C<'at'> still doesn't match the last letter of the string C<'t'>, so backtrack one more character, Z<>4. Now we can match the C<'a'> and the C<'t'>, Z<>5. Move on to the third element C<'.*'>. Since we are at the end of the string and C<'.*'> can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, Z<>6. We are done! =item Possessive quantifiers =item Building a regexp =item Using regular expressions in Perl =back =item Part 2: Power tools =over 4 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes =item Compiling and saving regular expressions =item Composing regular expressions at runtime =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression =item Looking ahead and looking behind =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking =item Conditional expressions =item Defining named patterns =item Recursive patterns =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression =item Backtracking control verbs =item Pragmas and debugging =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perlootut - Object-Oriented Programming in Perl Tutorial =over 4 =item DATE =item DESCRIPTION =item OBJECT-ORIENTED FUNDAMENTALS =over 4 =item Object =item Class =item Methods =item Attributes =item Polymorphism =item Inheritance =item Encapsulation =item Composition =item Roles =item When to Use OO =back =item PERL OO SYSTEMS =over 4 =item Moose Declarative sugar, Roles built-in, A miniature type system, Full introspection and manipulation, Self-hosted and extensible, Rich ecosystem, Many more features =item Class::Accessor =item Class::Tiny =item Role::Tiny =item OO System Summary L<Moose>, L<Class::Accessor>, L<Class::Tiny>, L<Role::Tiny> =item Other OO Systems =back =item CONCLUSION =back =head2 perlperf - Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW =over 4 =item ONE STEP SIDEWAYS =item ONE STEP FORWARD =item ANOTHER STEP SIDEWAYS =back =item GENERAL GUIDELINES =item BENCHMARKS =over 4 =item Assigning and Dereferencing Variables. =item Search and replace or tr =back =item PROFILING TOOLS =over 4 =item Devel::DProf =item Devel::Profiler =item Devel::SmallProf =item Devel::FastProf =item Devel::NYTProf =back =item SORTING Elapsed Real Time, User CPU Time, System CPU Time =item LOGGING =over 4 =item Logging if DEBUG (constant) =back =item POSTSCRIPT =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item PERLDOCS =item MAN PAGES =item MODULES =item URLS =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The sheet =back =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Awk Traps =item C/C++ Traps =item JavaScript Traps =item Sed Traps =item Shell Traps =item Perl Traps =back =back =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item use strict =item Looking at data and -w and v =item help =item Stepping through code =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS =item OUTPUT TIPS =item CGI =item GUIs =item SUMMARY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =back =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Where to find the perlfaq =item How to use the perlfaq =item How to contribute to the perlfaq =item What if my question isn't answered in the FAQ? =back =item TABLE OF CONTENTS perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking =item THE QUESTIONS =over 4 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction =item L<perlfaq9>: Web, Email and Networking =back =item CREDITS =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is Perl? =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? =item Which version of Perl should I use? =item What are Perl 4, Perl 5, or Perl 6? =item What is Perl 6? =item How stable is Perl? =item How often are new versions of Perl released? =item Is Perl difficult to learn? =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? =item Can I do [task] in Perl? =item When shouldn't I program in Perl? =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? =item What is a JAPH? =item How can I convince others to use Perl? L<http://www.perl.org/about.html>, L<http://perltraining.com.au/whyperl.html> =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? =item How can I get a binary version of Perl? =item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter? =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? =item Where can I get information on Perl? L<http://www.perl.org/>, L<http://perldoc.perl.org/>, L<http://learn.perl.org/> =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? L<http://www.perl.org/>, L<http://learn.perl.org/>, L<http://jobs.perl.org/>, L<http://lists.perl.org/> =item Where can I post questions? =item Perl Books =item Which magazines have Perl content? =item Which Perl blogs should I read? =item What mailing lists are there for Perl? =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? =item Where do I send bug reports? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I do (anything)? Basics, L<perldata> - Perl data types, L<perlvar> - Perl pre-defined variables, L<perlsyn> - Perl syntax, L<perlop> - Perl operators and precedence, L<perlsub> - Perl subroutines, Execution, L<perlrun> - how to execute the Perl interpreter, L<perldebug> - Perl debugging, Functions, L<perlfunc> - Perl builtin functions, Objects, L<perlref> - Perl references and nested data structures, L<perlmod> - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), L<perlobj> - Perl objects, L<perltie> - how to hide an object class in a simple variable, Data Structures, L<perlref> - Perl references and nested data structures, L<perllol> - Manipulating arrays of arrays in Perl, L<perldsc> - Perl Data Structures Cookbook, Modules, L<perlmod> - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), L<perlmodlib> - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones, Regexes, L<perlre> - Perl regular expressions, L<perlfunc> - Perl builtin functions>, L<perlop> - Perl operators and precedence, L<perllocale> - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization), Moving to perl5, L<perltrap> - Perl traps for the unwary, L<perl>, Linking with C, L<perlxstut> - Tutorial for writing XSUBs, L<perlxs> - XS language reference manual, L<perlcall> - Perl calling conventions from C, L<perlguts> - Introduction to the Perl API, L<perlembed> - how to embed perl in your C program, Various =item How can I use Perl interactively? =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system? =item How do I debug my Perl programs? =item How do I profile my Perl programs? =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? Eclipse, Enginsite, IntelliJ IDEA, Kephra, Komodo, Notepad++, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, Padre, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Vim, Vile, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, ConTEXT, bash, zsh, BBEdit and TextWrangler =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? =item Where can I get perl-mode or cperl-mode for emacs? X<emacs> =item How can I use curses with Perl? =item How can I write a GUI (X, Tk, Gtk, etc.) in Perl? X<GUI> X<Tk> X<Wx> X<WxWidgets> X<Gtk> X<Gtk2> X<CamelBones> X<Qt> Tk, Wx, Gtk and Gtk2, Win32::GUI, CamelBones, Qt, Athena =item How can I make my Perl program run faster? =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? =item What's MakeMaker? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =item Data: Numbers =over 4 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? =item Why is int() broken? =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? =item How do I multiply matrices? =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? =item How can I output Roman numerals? =item Why aren't my random numbers random? =item How do I get a random number between X and Y? =back =item Data: Dates =over 4 =item How do I find the day or week of the year? =item How do I find the current century or millennium? =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? =item How can I find the Julian Day? =item How do I find yesterday's date? X<date> X<yesterday> X<DateTime> X<Date::Calc> X<Time::Local> X<daylight saving time> X<day> X<Today_and_Now> X<localtime> X<timelocal> =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 or 2038 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back =item Data: Strings =over 4 =item How do I validate input? =item How do I unescape a string? =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? =item How do I expand function calls in a string? =item How do I find matching/nesting anything? =item How do I reverse a string? =item How do I expand tabs in a string? =item How do I reformat a paragraph? =item How can I access or change N characters of a string? =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? X<Text::Autoformat> X<capitalize> X<case, title> X<case, sentence> =item How can I split a [character]-delimited string except when inside [character]? =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? =item How do I extract selected columns from a string? =item How do I find the soundex value of a string? =item How can I expand variables in text strings? =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work? There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end of the opening token, You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag, There needs to be at least a line separator after the end token =back =item Data: Arrays =over 4 =item What is the difference between a list and an array? =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? =item How do I handle linked lists? =item How do I handle circular lists? X<circular> X<array> X<Tie::Cycle> X<Array::Iterator::Circular> X<cycle> X<modulus> =item How do I shuffle an array randomly? =item How do I process/modify each element of an array? =item How do I select a random element from an array? =item How do I permute N elements of a list? X<List::Permutor> X<permute> X<Algorithm::Loops> X<Knuth> X<The Art of Computer Programming> X<Fischer-Krause> =item How do I sort an array by (anything)? =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over 4 =item How do I process an entire hash? =item How do I merge two hashes? X<hash> X<merge> X<slice, hash> =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? =item How do I look up a hash element by value? =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? =item How can I always keep my hash sorted? X<hash tie sort DB_File Tie::IxHash> =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? =item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =item How can I check if a key exists in a multilevel hash? =item How can I prevent addition of unwanted keys into a hash? =back =item Data: Misc =over 4 =item How do I handle binary data correctly? =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? =item How do I define methods for every class/object? =item How do I verify a credit card checksum? =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush> =item How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the beginning of a file? X<file, editing> =item How do I count the number of lines in a file? X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line> =item How do I delete the last N lines from a file? X<lines> X<file> =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? X<-i> X<in-place> =item How can I copy a file? X<copy> X<file, copy> X<File::Copy> =item How do I make a temporary file name? X<file, temporary> =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records> =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference> =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? X<filehandle, indirect> =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? X<footer> =item How can I write() into a string? X<write, into a string> =item How can I open a filehandle to a string? X<string> X<open> X<IO::String> X<filehandle> =item How can I output my numbers with commas added? X<number, commify> =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? X<tilde> X<tilde expansion> =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating> =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use E<lt>*E<gt>? X<argument list too long> =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? X<filename, special characters> =item How can I reliably rename a file? X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> =item How can I lock a file? X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock> =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")? X<lock, lockfile race condition> =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? X<counter> X<file, counter> =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking? X<append> X<file, append> =item How do I randomly update a binary file? X<file, binary patch> =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp> =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp> =item How do I print to more than one file at once? X<print, to multiple files> =item How can I read in an entire file all at once? X<slurp> X<file, slurping> =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? X<file, reading by paragraphs> =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time> =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl? X<tail> X<IO::Handle> X<File::Tail> X<clearerr> =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? X<dup> =item How do I close a file descriptor by number? X<file, closing file descriptors> X<POSIX> X<close> =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? X<filename, DOS issues> =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? X<glob> =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? =item How do I select a random line from a file? X<file, selecting a random line> =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? =item How do I traverse a directory tree? =item How do I delete a directory tree? =item How do I copy an entire directory? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility> X<regular expression, legibility> X</x> Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline> =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? X<..> =item How do I match XML, HTML, or other nasty, ugly things with a regex? X<regex, XML> X<regex, HTML> X<XML> X<HTML> X<pain> X<frustration> X<sucking out, will to live> =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in> X<$RS, regexes in> =item How do I substitute case-insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving> X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving> =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? X<\w> =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>? X<alpha> =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping> =item What is C</o> really for? X</o, regular expressions> X<compile, regular expressions> =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C-style comments from a file? =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test> X<regular expression, matching balanced test> X<possessive> X<PARNO> X<Text::Balanced> X<Regexp::Common> X<backtracking> X<recursion> =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? X<greedy> X<greediness> =item How do I process each word on each line? X<word> =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? =item How can I do approximate matching? X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate> =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency> X<regular expression, efficiency> =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? X<\b> =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`> =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? X<\G> =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? X<DFA> X<NFA> X<POSIX> =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context? X<grep> =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters> X<regular expression, and multibyte characters> X<martian> X<encoding, Martian> =item How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable? X<regex, in variable> X<eval> X<regex> X<quotemeta> X<\Q, regex> X<\E, regex> X<qr//> =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? =item How do I skip some return values? =item How do I temporarily block warnings? =item What's an extension? =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? =item How do I declare/create a structure? =item How do I create a module? =item How do I adopt or take over a module already on CPAN? =item How do I create a class? X<class, creation> X<package> =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? =item What's a closure? =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods =item How do I create a static variable? =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>$fhE<gt>;" work right? =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? =item How do I create a switch or case statement? =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods? =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? =item How can I find out my current or calling package? =item How can I comment out a large block of Perl code? =item How do I clear a package? =item How can I use a variable as a variable name? =item What does "bad interpreter" mean? =item Do I need to recompile XS modules when there is a change in the C library? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? =item How come exec() doesn't return? X<exec> X<system> X<fork> X<open> X<pipe> =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse =item How do I print something out in color? =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? =item How do I clear the screen? =item How do I get the screen size? =item How do I ask the user for a password? =item How do I read and write the serial port? lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input =item How do I decode encrypted password files? =item How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies =item How do I trap control characters/signals? =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? =item How do I set the time and date? =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? X<Time::HiRes> X<BSD::Itimer> X<sleep> X<select> =item How can I measure time under a second? X<Time::HiRes> X<BSD::Itimer> X<sleep> X<select> =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? =item How can I call backticks without shell processing? =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? =item How can I convert my shell script to perl? =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? =item How can I write expect in Perl? =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"? =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? =item How do I fork a daemon process? =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? =item How do I timeout a slow event? =item How do I set CPU limits? X<BSD::Resource> X<limit> X<CPU> =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? =item How do I use an SQL database? =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? =item How do I open a file without blocking? =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl? =item How do I install a module from CPAN? =item What's the difference between require and use? =item How do I keep my own module/library directory? =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? the C<PERLLIB> environment variable, the C<PERL5LIB> environment variable, the C<perl -Idir> command line flag, the C<lib> pragma:, the L<local::lib> module: =item Where are modules installed? =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Should I use a web framework? =item Which web framework should I use? X<framework> X<CGI.pm> X<CGI> X<Catalyst> X<Dancer> L<Catalyst>, L<Dancer>, L<Mojolicious>, L<Web::Simple> =item What is Plack and PSGI? =item How do I remove HTML from a string? =item How do I extract URLs? =item How do I fetch an HTML file? =item How do I automate an HTML form submission? =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? X<URI> X<URI::Escape> X<RFC 2396> =item How do I redirect to another page? =item How do I put a password on my web pages? =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that causes my CGI script to do bad things? =item How do I parse a mail header? =item How do I check a valid mail address? =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? =item How do I find the user's mail address? =item How do I send email? L<Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail>, L<Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP>, L<Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP::TLS> =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? =item How do I read email? =item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address? X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa, gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname> =item How do I fetch/put an (S)FTP file? =item How can I do RPC in Perl? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declarations X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized> =item Comments X<comment> X<#> =item Simple Statements X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;> =item Truth and Falsehood X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0> =item Statement Modifiers X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<when> X<foreach> X<for> =item Compound Statements X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace> X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<given> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue> =item Loop Control X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue> =item For Loops X<for> X<foreach> =item Foreach Loops X<for> X<foreach> =item Basic BLOCKs X<block> =item Switch Statements =item Goto X<goto> =item The Ellipsis Statement X<...> X<... statement> X<ellipsis operator> X<elliptical statement> X<unimplemented statement> X<unimplemented operator> X<yada-yada> X<yada-yada operator> X<... operator> X<whatever operator> X<triple-dot operator> =item PODs: Embedded Documentation X<POD> X<documentation> =item Plain Old Comments (Not!) X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval> =item Experimental Details on given and when Z<>1, Z<>2, Z<>3, Z<>4, Z<>5, Z<>6, Z<>7, Z<>8, Z<>9, Z<>10 =back =back =head2 perldata - Perl data types =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Variable names X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type> =item Identifier parsing X<identifiers> =item Context X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context> =item Scalar values X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference> =item Scalar value constructors X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant> =item List value constructors X<list> =item Subscripts =item Multi-dimensional array emulation =item Slices X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice> =item Typeglobs and Filehandles X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*> =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity> =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term> =item The Arrow Operator X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >> =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<--> =item Exponentiation X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power> =item Symbolic Unary Operators X<unary operator> X<operator, unary> =item Binding Operators X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~> =item Multiplicative Operators X<operator, multiplicative> =item Additive Operators X<operator, additive> =item Shift Operators X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>> X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift> X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left> =item Named Unary Operators X<operator, named unary> =item Relational Operators X<relational operator> X<operator, relational> =item Equality Operators X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality> =item Smartmatch Operator 1. Empty hashes or arrays match, 2. That is, each element smartmatches the element of the same index in the other array.[3], 3. If a circular reference is found, fall back to referential equality, 4. Either an actual number, or a string that looks like one =item Bitwise And X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&> =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor> X<bitwise xor> X<^> =item C-style Logical And X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and> =item C-style Logical Or X<||> X<operator, logical, or> =item Logical Defined-Or X<//> X<operator, logical, defined-or> =item Range Operators X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...> =item Conditional Operator X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:> =item Assignment Operators X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=> X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<//=> X<.=> X<%=> X<^=> X<x=> X<&.=> X<|.=> X<^.=> =item Comma Operator X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,> =item List Operators (Rightward) X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator> =item Logical Not X<operator, logical, not> X<not> =item Logical And X<operator, logical, and> X<and> =item Logical or and Exclusive Or X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor> X<operator, logical, exclusive or> X<or> X<xor> =item C Operators Missing From Perl X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*> X<typecasting> X<(TYPE)> unary &, unary *, (TYPE) =item Quote and Quote-like Operators X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m> X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>> X<escape sequence> X<escape> [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators X<operator, regexp> C<qr/I<STRING>/msixpodualn> X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x> X</p>, C<m/I<PATTERN>/msixpodualngc> X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp, options> X<regexp> X<regex, options> X<regex> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c>, C</I<PATTERN>/msixpodualngc>, The empty pattern C<//>, Matching in list context, C<\G I<assertion>>, C<m?I<PATTERN>?msixpodualngc> X<?> X<operator, match-once>, C<s/I<PATTERN>/I<REPLACEMENT>/msixpodualngcer> X<s> X<substitute> X<substitution> X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp, substitute> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c> X</e> X</r> =item Quote-Like Operators X<operator, quote-like> C<q/I<STRING>/> X<q> X<quote, single> X<'> X<''>, C<'I<STRING>'>, C<qq/I<STRING>/> X<qq> X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "I<STRING>", C<qx/I<STRING>/> X<qx> X<`> X<``> X<backtick>, C<`I<STRING>`>, C<qw/I<STRING>/> X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote, words>, C<tr/I<SEARCHLIST>/I<REPLACEMENTLIST>/cdsr> X<tr> X<y> X<transliterate> X</c> X</d> X</s>, C<y/I<SEARCHLIST>/I<REPLACEMENTLIST>/cdsr>, C<< <<I<EOF> >> X<here-doc> X<heredoc> X<here-document> X<<< << >>>, Double Quotes, Single Quotes, Backticks, Indented Here-docs =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs X<quote, gory details> Finding the end, Interpolation X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, the pattern of C<s'''>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<tr'''>, C<y'''>, the replacement of C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<<<"EOF">, the replacement of C<s///>, C<RE> in C<m?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, parsing regular expressions X<regexp, parse>, Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp, optimization> =item I/O Operators X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle> X<< <> >> X<< <<>> >> X<@ARGV> =item Constant Folding X<constant folding> X<folding> =item No-ops X<no-op> X<nop> =item Bitwise String Operators X<operator, bitwise, string> X<&.> X<|.> X<^.> X<~.> =item Integer Arithmetic X<integer> =item Floating-point Arithmetic =item Bigger Numbers X<number, arbitrary precision> =back =back =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION documented later in this document, documented in L<perlmod>, documented in L<perlobj>, documented in L<perltie>, documented in L<PerlIO::via>, documented in L<perlfunc>, documented in L<UNIVERSAL>, documented in L<perldebguts>, undocumented, used internally by the L<overload> feature =over 4 =item Signatures =item Private Variables via my() X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical> X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my> =item Persistent Private Variables X<state> X<state variable> X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable, static> X<closure> =item Temporary Values via local() X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local> X<variable, temporary> =item Lvalue subroutines X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue> =item Lexical Subroutines X<my sub> X<state sub> X<our sub> X<subroutine, lexical> =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) X<typeglob> X<*> =item When to Still Use local() X<local> X<variable, local> =item Pass by Reference X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference> =item Prototypes X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype> =item Constant Functions X<constant> =item Overriding Built-in Functions X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL> =item Autoloading X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD> =item Subroutine Attributes X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs> =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Perl Functions by Category X<function> Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>, Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>, Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>, Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O> X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle> X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords related to Perl modules X<module>, Keywords related to classes and object-orientation X<object> X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V interprocess communication functions X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore> X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>, Fetching user and group info X<user> X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid> X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching network info X<network> X<protocol> X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address> X<service>, Time-related functions X<time> X<date>, Non-function keywords =item Portability X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable> =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -I<X> FILEHANDLE X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p> X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X> DIRHANDLE, -I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM> X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text> X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless REF, break, caller EXPR X<caller> X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>, caller, chdir EXPR X<chdir> X<cd> X<directory, change>, chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST X<chmod> X<permission> X<mode>, chomp VARIABLE X<chomp> X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline> X<eol>, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST X<chown> X<owner> X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr> X<character> X<ASCII> X<Unicode>, chr, chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>, chroot, close FILEHANDLE X<close>, close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>, connect SOCKET,NAME X<connect>, continue BLOCK X<continue>, continue, cos EXPR X<cos> X<cosine> X<acos> X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt> X<digest> X<hash> X<salt> X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt> X<cryptography> X<passwd> X<encrypt>, dbmclose HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm> X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined, delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@> X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do> X<block>, do EXPR X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump> X<core> X<undump>, dump EXPR, dump, each HASH X<each> X<hash, iterator>, each ARRAY X<array, iterator>, eof FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof (), eof, eval EXPR X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute> X<error, handling> X<exception, handling>, eval BLOCK, eval, String eval, Under the L<C<"unicode_eval"> feature|feature/The 'unicode_eval' and 'evalbytes' features>, Outside the C<"unicode_eval"> feature, Block eval, evalbytes EXPR X<evalbytes>, evalbytes, exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR X<exists> X<autovivification>, exit EXPR X<exit> X<terminate> X<abort>, exit, exp EXPR X<exp> X<exponential> X<antilog> X<antilogarithm> X<e>, exp, fc EXPR X<fc> X<foldcase> X<casefold> X<fold-case> X<case-fold>, fc, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR X<fcntl>, __FILE__ X<__FILE__>, fileno FILEHANDLE X<fileno>, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock> X<lock> X<locking>, fork X<fork> X<child> X<parent>, format X<format>, formline PICTURE,LIST X<formline>, getc FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar> X<character> X<file, read>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin> X<login>, getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp> X<group>, getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO X<getpriority> X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam> X<gethostbyname> X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid> X<getservbyname> X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber> X<getservbyport> X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent> X<getprotoent> X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent> X<setnetent> X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent> X<endhostent> X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob> X<wildcard> X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime> X<UTC> X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex> X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer> X<truncate> X<trunc> X<floor>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR X<ioctl>, join EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, keys ARRAY, kill SIGNAL, LIST, kill SIGNAL X<kill> X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last EXPR, last, lc EXPR X<lc> X<lowercase>, lc, If C<use bytes> is in effect:, Otherwise, if C<use locale> for C<LC_CTYPE> is in effect:, Otherwise, If EXPR has the UTF8 flag set:, Otherwise, if C<use feature 'unicode_strings'> or C<use locale ':not_characters'> is in effect:, Otherwise:, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length EXPR X<length> X<size>, length, __LINE__ X<__LINE__>, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR X<localtime> X<ctime>, localtime, lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log> X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log, lstat FILEHANDLE X<lstat>, lstat EXPR, lstat DIRHANDLE, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md> X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>, msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my VARLIST X<my>, my TYPE VARLIST, my VARLIST : ATTRS, my TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, next LABEL X<next> X<continue>, next EXPR, next, no MODULE VERSION LIST X<no declarations> X<unimporting>, no MODULE VERSION, no MODULE LIST, no MODULE, no VERSION, oct EXPR X<oct> X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal> X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open> X<fopen>, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our VARLIST X<our> X<global>, our TYPE VARLIST, our VARLIST : ATTRS, our TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST X<pack>, package NAMESPACE, package NAMESPACE VERSION X<package> X<module> X<namespace> X<version>, package NAMESPACE BLOCK, package NAMESPACE VERSION BLOCK X<package> X<module> X<namespace> X<version>, __PACKAGE__ X<__PACKAGE__>, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print FILEHANDLE, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST X<printf>, printf FILEHANDLE, printf FORMAT, LIST, printf, prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, prototype, push ARRAY,LIST X<push> X<stack>, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qw/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qr/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>, quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read> X<file, read>, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR, readline X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink, readpipe EXPR, readpipe X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS X<recv>, redo LABEL X<redo>, redo EXPR, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION X<require>, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR X<return>, return, reverse LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir> X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir, s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST X<say>, say FILEHANDLE, say LIST, say, scalar EXPR X<scalar> X<context>, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle, position>, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select> X<filehandle, default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin> X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed> X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status> X<ctime>, stat EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state VARLIST X<state>, state TYPE VARLIST, state VARLIST : ATTRS, state TYPE VARLIST : ATTRS, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, __SUB__ X<__SUB__>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr> X<substring> X<mid> X<left> X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link> X<link, symbolic>, syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system> X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time> X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove> X<rm> X<del>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, unpack TEMPLATE, unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, untie VARIABLE X<untie>, use Module VERSION LIST X<use> X<module> X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, values ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec> X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn> X<warning> X<STDERR>, write FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y/// =item Non-function Keywords by Cross-reference __DATA__, __END__, BEGIN, CHECK, END, INIT, UNITCHECK, DESTROY, and, cmp, eq, ge, gt, le, lt, ne, not, or, x, xor, AUTOLOAD, else, elsif, for, foreach, if, unless, until, while, elseif, default, given, when =back =back =head2 perlopentut - simple recipes for opening files and pipes in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION I<OK>, I<HANDLE>, I<MODE>, I<PATHNAME> =item Opening Text Files =over 4 =item Opening Text Files for Reading =item Opening Text Files for Writing =back =item Opening Binary Files =item Opening Pipes =item Low-level File Opens via sysopen =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack> =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Basic Principle =item Packing Text =item Packing Numbers =over 4 =item Integers =item Unpacking a Stack Frame =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net =item Byte-order modifiers =item Floating point Numbers =back =item Exotic Templates =over 4 =item Bit Strings =item Uuencoding =item Doing Sums =item Unicode =item Another Portable Binary Encoding =back =item Template Grouping =item Lengths and Widths =over 4 =item String Lengths =item Dynamic Templates =item Counting Repetitions =item Intel HEX =back =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures =over 4 =item The Alignment Pit =item Dealing with Endian-ness =item Alignment, Take 2 =item Alignment, Take 3 =item Pointers for How to Use Them =back =item Pack Recipes =item Funnies Section =item Authors =back =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Ordinary Paragraph X<POD, ordinary paragraph> =item Verbatim Paragraph X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim> =item Command Paragraph X<POD, command> C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1> X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over> X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>> X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding> X<encoding> =item Formatting Codes X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code> X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence> C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C> X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink> X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename> X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S> X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space> X<non-breaking space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, null> X<null> =item The Intent X<POD, intent of> =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules X<POD, embedding> =item Hints for Writing Pod X<podchecker> X<POD, validating> =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Pod Definitions =item Pod Commands "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=begin formatname parameter", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname" =item Pod Formatting Codes C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =item About =over...=back Regions =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlpodstyle - Perl POD style guide =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, DIAGNOSTICS, EXAMPLES, ENVIRONMENT, FILES, CAVEATS, BUGS, RESTRICTIONS, NOTES, AUTHOR, HISTORY, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE, SEE ALSO =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perldeprecation - list Perl deprecations =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Perl 5.32 =item Perl 5.30 =item Perl 5.28 =item Perl 5.26 =item Perl 5.24 =item Perl 5.16 =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Perl Debugger =over 4 =item Calling the Debugger perl -d program_name, perl -d -e 0, perl -d:ptkdb program_name, perl -dt threaded_program_name =item Debugger Commands h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>, x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s [expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, - X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t [n] X<debugger command, t>, t [n] expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b [file]:[line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, disable [file]:[line] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, disable> X<disable>, disable [line] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, disable> X<disable>, enable [file]:[line] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, disable> X<disable>, enable [line] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, disable> X<disable>, a [line] command X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>, W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ... X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, < [ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, << command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, > command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >> command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [ command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>, ! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, ! pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>, |dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage] X<debugger command, man> =item Configurable Options C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning> X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel> X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo> X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option, inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments> X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>, C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option, arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option, dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump> X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option, globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages> X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option, DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote> X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly> X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<HistFile> X<debugger option, history, HistFile>, C<HistSize> X<debugger option, history, HistSize>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY> X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>, C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop> =item Debugger Input/Output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing =item Debugging Compile-Time Statements =item Debugger Customization =item Readline Support / History in the Debugger =item Editor Support for Debugging =item The Perl Profiler X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler> =back =item Debugging Regular Expressions X<regular expression, debugging> X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging> =item Debugging Memory Usage X<memory usage> =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =back =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The Syntax of Variable Names =back =item SPECIAL VARIABLES =over 4 =item General Variables $ARG, $_ X<$_> X<$ARG>, @ARG, @_ X<@_> X<@ARG>, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" X<$"> X<$LIST_SEPARATOR>, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$ X<$$> X<$PID> X<$PROCESS_ID>, $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 X<$0> X<$PROGRAM_NAME>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $( X<$(> X<$GID> X<$REAL_GROUP_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) X<$)> X<$EGID> X<$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID>, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< X<< $< >> X<$UID> X<$REAL_USER_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> X<< $> >> X<$EUID> X<$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID>, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; X<$;> X<$SUBSEP> X<SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR>, $a, $b X<$a> X<$b>, %ENV X<%ENV>, $OLD_PERL_VERSION, $] X<$]> X<$OLD_PERL_VERSION>, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F X<$^F> X<$SYSTEM_FD_MAX>, @F X<@F>, @INC X<@INC>, %INC X<%INC>, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I X<$^I> X<$INPLACE_EDIT>, @ISA X<@ISA>, $^M X<$^M>, $OSNAME, $^O X<$^O> X<$OSNAME>, %SIG X<%SIG>, $BASETIME, $^T X<$^T> X<$BASETIME>, $PERL_VERSION, $^V X<$^V> X<$PERL_VERSION>, ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT} X<${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}> X<sitecustomize> X<sitecustomize.pl>, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X X<$^X> X<$EXECUTABLE_NAME> =item Variables related to regular expressions $<I<digits>> ($1, $2, ...) X<$1> X<$2> X<$3> X<$I<digits>>, @{^CAPTURE} X<@{^CAPTURE}> X<@^CAPTURE>, $MATCH, $& X<$&> X<$MATCH>, ${^MATCH} X<${^MATCH}>, $PREMATCH, $` X<$`> X<$PREMATCH> X<${^PREMATCH}>, ${^PREMATCH} X<$`> X<${^PREMATCH}>, $POSTMATCH, $' X<$'> X<$POSTMATCH> X<${^POSTMATCH}> X<@->, ${^POSTMATCH} X<${^POSTMATCH}> X<$'> X<$POSTMATCH>, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ X<$+> X<$LAST_PAREN_MATCH>, $LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT, $^N X<$^N> X<$LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT>, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+ X<@+> X<@LAST_MATCH_END>, %{^CAPTURE}, %LAST_PAREN_MATCH, %+ X<%+> X<%LAST_PAREN_MATCH> X<%{^CAPTURE}>, @LAST_MATCH_START, @- X<@-> X<@LAST_MATCH_START>, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, %{^CAPTURE_ALL} X<%{^CAPTURE_ALL}>, %- X<%->, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R X<$^R> X<$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT>, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS} X<${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}>, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF} X<${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}> =item Variables related to filehandles $ARGV X<$ARGV>, @ARGV X<@ARGV>, ARGV X<ARGV>, ARGVOUT X<ARGVOUT>, IO::Handle->output_field_separator( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $, X<$,> X<$OFS> X<$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->input_line_number( EXPR ), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. X<$.> X<$NR> X<$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER> X<line number>, IO::Handle->input_record_separator( EXPR ), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/ X<$/> X<$RS> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, IO::Handle->output_record_separator( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\ X<$\> X<$ORS> X<$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->autoflush( EXPR ), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| X<$|> X<autoflush> X<flush> X<$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>, ${^LAST_FH} X<${^LAST_FH}>, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A X<$^A> X<$ACCUMULATOR>, IO::Handle->format_formfeed(EXPR), $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L X<$^L> X<$FORMAT_FORMFEED>, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% X<$%> X<$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER>, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- X<$-> X<$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT>, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: X<$:> X<FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS>, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= X<$=> X<$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE>, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ X<$^> X<$FORMAT_TOP_NAME>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~ X<$~> X<$FORMAT_NAME> =item Error Variables X<error> X<exception> ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE} X<$^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE>, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E X<$^E> X<$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR>, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S X<$^S> X<$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT>, $WARNING, $^W X<$^W> X<$WARNING>, ${^WARNING_BITS} X<${^WARNING_BITS}>, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $! X<$!> X<$ERRNO> X<$OS_ERROR>, %OS_ERROR, %ERRNO, %! X<%!> X<%OS_ERROR> X<%ERRNO>, $CHILD_ERROR, $? X<$?> X<$CHILD_ERROR>, $EVAL_ERROR, $@ X<$@> X<$EVAL_ERROR> =item Variables related to the interpreter state $COMPILING, $^C X<$^C> X<$COMPILING>, $DEBUGGING, $^D X<$^D> X<$DEBUGGING>, ${^ENCODING} X<${^ENCODING}>, ${^GLOBAL_PHASE} X<${^GLOBAL_PHASE}>, CONSTRUCT, START, CHECK, INIT, RUN, END, DESTRUCT, $^H X<$^H>, %^H X<%^H>, ${^OPEN} X<${^OPEN}>, $PERLDB, $^P X<$^P> X<$PERLDB>, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000, ${^TAINT} X<${^TAINT}>, ${^UNICODE} X<${^UNICODE}>, ${^UTF8CACHE} X<${^UTF8CACHE}>, ${^UTF8LOCALE} X<${^UTF8LOCALE}> =item Deprecated and removed variables $# X<$#>, $* X<$*>, $[ X<$[> =back =back =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The Basics X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8> =item Modifiers B<C<m>> X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>, B<C<s>> X</s> X<regex, single-line> X<regexp, single-line> X<regular expression, single-line>, B<C<i>> X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp, case-insensitive> X<regular expression, case-insensitive>, B<C<x>> and B<C<xx>> X</x>, B<C<p>> X</p> X<regex, preserve> X<regexp, preserve>, B<C<a>>, B<C<d>>, B<C<l>>, and B<C<u>> X</a> X</d> X</l> X</u>, B<C<n>> X</n> X<regex, non-capture> X<regexp, non-capture> X<regular expression, non-capture>, Other Modifiers =item Regular Expressions [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] =item Quoting metacharacters =item Extended Patterns C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?adlupimnsx-imnsx)>, C<(?^alupimnsx)> X<(?)> X<(?^)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>, C<(?adluimnsx-imnsx:pattern)>, C<(?^aluimnsx:pattern)> X<(?^:)>, C<(?|pattern)> X<(?|)> X<Branch reset>, Lookaround Assertions X<look-around assertion> X<lookaround assertion> X<look-around> X<lookaround>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead, positive> X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead, negative> X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<\K> X<(?<=)> X<look-behind, positive> X<lookbehind, positive> X<\K>, C<(?<!pattern)> X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative> X<lookbehind, negative>, C<< (?<NAME>pattern) >>, C<(?'NAME'pattern)> X<< (?<NAME>) >> X<(?'NAME')> X<named capture> X<capture>, C<< \k<NAME> >>, C<< \k'NAME' >>, C<(?{ code })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in> X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression, code in>, C<(??{ code })> X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp, postponed> X<regular expression, postponed>, C<(?I<PARNO>)> C<(?-I<PARNO>)> C<(?+I<PARNO>)> C<(?R)> C<(?0)> X<(?PARNO)> X<(?1)> X<(?R)> X<(?0)> X<(?-1)> X<(?+1)> X<(?-PARNO)> X<(?+PARNO)> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive> X<regular expression, recursive> X<regex, relative recursion> X<GOSUB> X<GOSTART>, C<(?&NAME)> X<(?&NAME)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>, an integer in parentheses, a lookahead/lookbehind/evaluate zero-width assertion;, a name in angle brackets or single quotes, the special symbol C<(R)>, C<(1)> C<(2)> .., C<(E<lt>I<NAME>E<gt>)> C<('I<NAME>')>, C<(?=...)> C<(?!...)> C<(?<=...)> C<(?<!...)>, C<(?{ I<CODE> })>, C<(R)>, C<(R1)> C<(R2)> .., C<(R&I<NAME>)>, C<(DEFINE)>, C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack> X<backtracking> X<atomic> X<possessive>, C<(?[ ])> =item Backtracking X<backtrack> X<backtracking> =item Special Backtracking Control Verbs Verbs, C<(*PRUNE)> C<(*PRUNE:NAME)> X<(*PRUNE)> X<(*PRUNE:NAME)>, C<(*SKIP)> C<(*SKIP:NAME)> X<(*SKIP)>, C<(*MARK:NAME)> C<(*:NAME)> X<(*MARK)> X<(*MARK:NAME)> X<(*:NAME)>, C<(*THEN)> C<(*THEN:NAME)>, C<(*COMMIT)> C<(*COMMIT:args)> X<(*COMMIT)>, C<(*FAIL)> C<(*F)> C<(*FAIL:arg)> X<(*FAIL)> X<(*F)>, C<(*ACCEPT)> C<(*ACCEPT:arg)> X<(*ACCEPT)> =item Warning on C<\1> Instead of C<$1> =item Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring =item Combining RE Pieces C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>, C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, C<(?I<PARNO>)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> =item Creating Custom RE Engines =item Embedded Code Execution Frequency =item PCRE/Python Support C<< (?PE<lt>NAMEE<gt>pattern) >>, C<< (?P=NAME) >>, C<< (?P>NAME) >> =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and Escapes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The backslash [1] =item All the sequences and escapes =item Character Escapes [1], [2] =item Modifiers =item Character classes =item Referencing =item Assertions \A, \z, \Z, \G, \b{}, \b, \B{}, \B, C<\b{gcb}> or C<\b{g}>, C<\b{lb}>, C<\b{sb}>, C<\b{wb}> =item Misc \K, \N, \R X<\R>, \X X<\X> =back =back =head2 perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The dot =item Backslash sequences X<\w> X<\W> X<\s> X<\S> X<\d> X<\D> X<\p> X<\P> X<\N> X<\v> X<\V> X<\h> X<\H> X<word> X<whitespace> If the C</a> modifier is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if, instead, Unicode rules are in effect .., otherwise .., If the C</a> modifier is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if, instead, Unicode rules are in effect .., otherwise .., [1], [2] =item Bracketed Character Classes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], If the C</a> modifier, is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., C<word>, C<ascii>, C<blank>, if, instead, Unicode rules are in effect .., otherwise .. =back =back =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OPERATORS =item SYNTAX =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES =item CHARACTER CLASSES =item ANCHORS =item QUANTIFIERS =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS =item VARIABLES =item FUNCTIONS =item TERMINOLOGY =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item THANKS =back =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =over 4 =item NOTE =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Making References X<reference, creation> X<referencing> 1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket> X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3. X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace> X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine, anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>, 6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*> =item Using References X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference> =item Circular References X<circular reference> X<reference, circular> =item Symbolic references X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft> X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference> =item Not-so-symbolic references =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash> =item Function Templates X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope> X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local> =back =item WARNING: Don't use references as hash keys X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key> =over 4 =item Postfix Dereference Syntax =item Postfix Reference Slicing =item Assigning to References =back =item Declaring a Reference to a Variable =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlform - Perl formats =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Text Fields X<format, text field> =item Numeric Fields X<#> X<format, numeric field> =item The Field @* for Variable-Width Multi-Line Text X<@*> =item The Field ^* for Variable-Width One-line-at-a-time Text X<^*> =item Specifying Values X<format, specifying values> =item Using Fill Mode X<format, fill mode> =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void X<format, suppressing lines> =item Repeating Format Lines X<format, repeating lines> =item Top of Form Processing X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header> =item Format Variables X<format variables> X<format, variables> =back =item NOTES =over 4 =item Footers X<format, footer> X<footer> =item Accessing Formatting Internals X<format, internals> =back =item WARNINGS =back =head2 perlobj - Perl object reference =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item An Object is Simply a Data Structure X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new> =item A Class is Simply a Package X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance> =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine X<method> =item Method Invocation X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >> =item Inheritance X<inheritance> =item Writing Constructors X<constructor> =item Attributes X<attribute> =item An Aside About Smarter and Safer Code =item Method Call Variations X<method> =item Invoking Class Methods X<invocation> =item C<bless>, C<blessed>, and C<ref> =item The UNIVERSAL Class X<UNIVERSAL> isa($class) X<isa>, DOES($role) X<DOES>, can($method) X<can>, VERSION($need) X<VERSION> =item AUTOLOAD X<AUTOLOAD> =item Destructors X<destructor> X<DESTROY> =item Non-Hash Objects =item Inside-Out objects =item Pseudo-hashes =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tying Scalars X<scalar, tying> TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this, value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY> =item Tying Arrays X<array, tying> TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this, count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY> =item Tying Hashes X<hash, tying> USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this, key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>, NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY> =item Tying FileHandles X<filehandle, tying> TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>, READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, EOF this X<EOF>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY> =item UNTIE this X<UNTIE> =item The C<untie> Gotcha X<untie> =back =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, B<filter_fetch_value> =over 4 =item The Filter =item An Example: the NULL termination problem. =item Another Example: Key is a C int. =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Signals =over 4 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) Long-running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state =back =item Named Pipes =item Using open() for IPC =over 4 =item Filehandles =item Background Processes =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent =item Safe Pipe Opens =item Avoiding Pipe Deadlocks =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself =back =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication =over 4 =item Internet Line Terminators =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers =back =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket =over 4 =item A Simple Client C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort> =item A Webget Client =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket =back =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse =item UDP: Message Passing =item SysV IPC =item NOTES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets =item Resource limits =item Killing the parent process =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes =back =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Open directory handles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions =item PORTABILITY CAVEATS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Storing numbers =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item What Is A Thread Anyway? =item Threaded Program Models =over 4 =item Boss/Worker =item Work Crew =item Pipeline =back =item What kind of threads are Perl threads? =item Thread-Safe Modules =item Thread Basics =over 4 =item Basic Thread Support =item A Note about the Examples =item Creating Threads =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit =item Ignoring A Thread =item Process and Thread Termination =back =item Threads And Data =over 4 =item Shared And Unshared Data =item Thread Pitfalls: Races =back =item Synchronization and control =over 4 =item Controlling access: lock() =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks =item Queues: Passing Data Around =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access =item Basic semaphores =item Advanced Semaphores =item Waiting for a Condition =item Giving up control =back =item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 =item What Thread Am I In? =item Thread IDs =item Are These Threads The Same? =item What Threads Are Running? =back =item A Complete Example =item Different implementations of threads =item Performance considerations =item Process-scope Changes =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries =item Conclusion =item SEE ALSO =item Bibliography =over 4 =item Introductory Texts =item OS-Related References =item Other References =back =item Acknowledgements =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is> portable =item ISSUES =over 4 =item Newlines =item Numbers endianness and Width =item Files and Filesystems =item System Interaction =item Command names versus file pathnames =item Networking =item Interprocess Communication (IPC) =item External Subroutines (XS) =item Standard Modules =item Time and Date =item Character sets and character encoding =item Internationalisation =item System Resources =item Security =item Style =back =item CPAN Testers =item PLATFORMS =over 4 =item Unix =item DOS and Derivatives =item VMS =item VOS =item EBCDIC Platforms =item Acorn RISC OS =item Other perls =back =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS =over 4 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -I<X>, alarm, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen, dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid, getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid, getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, seekdir, sethostent, setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt, glob, gmtime, ioctl, kill, link, localtime, lstat, msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, readlink, rename, rewinddir, select, semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent, setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sleep, socketpair, stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, telldir, times, truncate, umask, utime, wait, waitpid =back =item Supported Platforms Linux (x86, ARM, IA64), HP-UX, AIX, Win32, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Cygwin, Solaris (x86, SPARC), OpenVMS, Alpha (7.2 and later), I64 (8.2 and later), Symbian, NetBSD, FreeBSD, Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, Haiku, Irix (6.5. What else?), OpenBSD, Dragonfly BSD, Midnight BSD, QNX Neutrino RTOS (6.5.0), MirOS BSD, Stratus OpenVOS (17.0 or later), time_t issues that may or may not be fixed, Symbian (Series 60 v3, 3.2 and 5 - what else?), Stratus VOS / OpenVOS, AIX, Android, FreeMINT =item EOL Platforms =over 4 =item (Perl 5.20) AT&T 3b1 =item (Perl 5.14) Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT4 =item (Perl 5.12) Atari MiNT, Apollo Domain/OS, Apple Mac OS 8/9, Tenon Machten =back =item Supported Platforms (Perl 5.8) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS =back =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item WHAT IS A LOCALE Category C<LC_NUMERIC>: Numeric formatting, Category C<LC_MONETARY>: Formatting of monetary amounts, Category C<LC_TIME>: Date/Time formatting, Category C<LC_MESSAGES>: Error and other messages, Category C<LC_COLLATE>: Collation, Category C<LC_CTYPE>: Character Types, Other categories =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES =item USING LOCALES =over 4 =item The C<"use locale"> pragma B<Not within the scope of C<"use locale">>, B<Lingering effects of C<S<use locale>>>, B<Under C<"use locale";>> =item The setlocale function =item Finding locales =item LOCALE PROBLEMS =item Testing for broken locales =item Temporarily fixing locale problems =item Permanently fixing locale problems =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration =item Fixing system locale configuration =item The localeconv function =item I18N::Langinfo =back =item LOCALE CATEGORIES =over 4 =item Category C<LC_COLLATE>: Collation: Text Comparisons and Sorting =item Category C<LC_CTYPE>: Character Types =item Category C<LC_NUMERIC>: Numeric Formatting =item Category C<LC_MONETARY>: Formatting of monetary amounts =item Category C<LC_TIME>: Respresentation of time =item Other categories =back =item SECURITY =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT, PERL_BADLANG, C<LC_ALL>, C<LANGUAGE>, C<LC_CTYPE>, C<LC_COLLATE>, C<LC_MONETARY>, C<LC_NUMERIC>, C<LC_TIME>, C<LANG> =over 4 =item Examples =back =item NOTES =over 4 =item String C<eval> and C<LC_NUMERIC> =item Backward compatibility =item I18N:Collate obsolete =item Sort speed and memory use impacts =item Freely available locale definitions =item I18n and l10n =item An imperfect standard =back =item Unicode and UTF-8 =item BUGS =over 4 =item Collation of strings containing embedded C<NUL> characters =item Broken systems =back =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Unicode =item Perl's Unicode Support =item Perl's Unicode Model =item Unicode and EBCDIC =item Creating Unicode =item Handling Unicode =item Legacy Encodings =item Unicode I/O =item Displaying Unicode As Text =item Special Cases =item Advanced Topics =item Miscellaneous =item Questions With Answers =item Hexadecimal Notation =item Further Resources =back =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS =item SEE ALSO =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE =back =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Important Caveats Safest if you C<use feature 'unicode_strings'>, Input and Output Layers, You should convert your non-ASCII, non-UTF-8 Perl scripts to be UTF-8, C<use utf8> still needed to enable L<UTF-8|/Unicode Encodings> in scripts, L<UTF-16|/Unicode Encodings> scripts autodetected =item Byte and Character Semantics =item ASCII Rules versus Unicode Rules When the string has been upgraded to UTF-8, There are additional methods for regular expression patterns =item Extended Grapheme Clusters (Logical characters) =item Unicode Character Properties B<C<\p{All}>>, B<C<\p{Alnum}>>, B<C<\p{Any}>>, B<C<\p{ASCII}>>, B<C<\p{Assigned}>>, B<C<\p{Blank}>>, B<C<\p{Decomposition_Type: Non_Canonical}>> (Short: C<\p{Dt=NonCanon}>), B<C<\p{Graph}>>, B<C<\p{HorizSpace}>>, B<C<\p{In=*}>>, B<C<\p{PerlSpace}>>, B<C<\p{PerlWord}>>, B<C<\p{Posix...}>>, B<C<\p{Present_In: *}>> (Short: C<\p{In=*}>), B<C<\p{Print}>>, B<C<\p{SpacePerl}>>, B<C<\p{Title}>> and B<C<\p{Titlecase}>>, B<C<\p{Unicode}>>, B<C<\p{VertSpace}>>, B<C<\p{Word}>>, B<C<\p{XPosix...}>> =item User-Defined Character Properties =item User-Defined Case Mappings (for serious hackers only) =item Character Encodings for Input and Output =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level [1] C<\N{U+...}> and C<\x{...}>, [2] C<\p{...}> C<\P{...}>. This requirement is for a minimal list of properties. Perl supports these and all other Unicode character properties, as R2.7 asks (see L</"Unicode Character Properties"> above), [3] Perl has C<\d> C<\D> C<\s> C<\S> C<\w> C<\W> C<\X> C<[:I<prop>:]> C<[:^I<prop>:]>, plus all the properties specified by L<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr18/#Compatibility_Properties>. These are described above in L</Other Properties>, [4], Regular expression lookahead, [5] C<\b> C<\B> meet most, but not all, the details of this requirement, but C<\b{wb}> and C<\B{wb}> do, as well as the stricter R2.3, [6], [7], [8] UTF-8/UTF-EBDDIC used in Perl allows not only C<U+10000> to C<U+10FFFF> but also beyond C<U+10FFFF>, [9] Unicode has rewritten this portion of UTS#18 to say that getting canonical equivalence (see UAX#15 L<"Unicode Normalization Forms"|http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15>) is basically to be done at the programmer level. Use NFD to write both your regular expressions and text to match them against (you can use L<Unicode::Normalize>), [10] Perl has C<\X> and C<\b{gcb}> but we don't have a "Grapheme Cluster Mode", [11] see L<UAX#29 "Unicode Text Segmentation"|http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29>,, [12] Perl has L<Unicode::Collate>, but it isn't integrated with regular expressions. See L<UTS#10 "Unicode Collation Algorithms"|http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10>, [13] Perl has C<(?<=x)> and C<(?=x)>, but lookaheads or lookbehinds should see outside of the target substring =item Unicode Encodings =item Noncharacter code points =item Beyond Unicode code points =item Security Implications of Unicode =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC =item Locales =item When Unicode Does Not Happen =item The "Unicode Bug" =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) =item Using Unicode in XS =item Hacking Perl to work on earlier Unicode versions (for very serious hackers only) =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X =back =item BUGS =over 4 =item Interaction with Extensions =item Speed =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlunicook - cookbookish examples of handling Unicode in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item ℞ 0: Standard preamble =item ℞ 1: Generic Unicode-savvy filter =item ℞ 2: Fine-tuning Unicode warnings =item ℞ 3: Declare source in utf8 for identifiers and literals =item ℞ 4: Characters and their numbers =item ℞ 5: Unicode literals by character number =item ℞ 6: Get character name by number =item ℞ 7: Get character number by name =item ℞ 8: Unicode named characters =item ℞ 9: Unicode named sequences =item ℞ 10: Custom named characters =item ℞ 11: Names of CJK codepoints =item ℞ 12: Explicit encode/decode =item ℞ 13: Decode program arguments as utf8 =item ℞ 14: Decode program arguments as locale encoding =item ℞ 15: Declare STD{IN,OUT,ERR} to be utf8 =item ℞ 16: Declare STD{IN,OUT,ERR} to be in locale encoding =item ℞ 17: Make file I/O default to utf8 =item ℞ 18: Make all I/O and args default to utf8 =item ℞ 19: Open file with specific encoding =item ℞ 20: Unicode casing =item ℞ 21: Unicode case-insensitive comparisons =item ℞ 22: Match Unicode linebreak sequence in regex =item ℞ 23: Get character category =item ℞ 24: Disabling Unicode-awareness in builtin charclasses =item ℞ 25: Match Unicode properties in regex with \p, \P =item ℞ 26: Custom character properties =item ℞ 27: Unicode normalization =item ℞ 28: Convert non-ASCII Unicode numerics =item ℞ 29: Match Unicode grapheme cluster in regex =item ℞ 30: Extract by grapheme instead of by codepoint (regex) =item ℞ 31: Extract by grapheme instead of by codepoint (substr) =item ℞ 32: Reverse string by grapheme =item ℞ 33: String length in graphemes =item ℞ 34: Unicode column-width for printing =item ℞ 35: Unicode collation =item ℞ 36: Case- I<and> accent-insensitive Unicode sort =item ℞ 37: Unicode locale collation =item ℞ 38: Making C<cmp> work on text instead of codepoints =item ℞ 39: Case- I<and> accent-insensitive comparisons =item ℞ 40: Case- I<and> accent-insensitive locale comparisons =item ℞ 41: Unicode linebreaking =item ℞ 42: Unicode text in DBM hashes, the tedious way =item ℞ 43: Unicode text in DBM hashes, the easy way =item ℞ 44: PROGRAM: Demo of Unicode collation and printing =back =item SEE ALSO §3.13 Default Case Algorithms, page 113; §4.2 Case, pages 120–122; Case Mappings, page 166–172, especially Caseless Matching starting on page 170, UAX #44: Unicode Character Database, UTS #18: Unicode Regular Expressions, UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms, UTS #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm, UAX #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, UAX #14: Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm, UAX #11: East Asian Width =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE =item REVISION HISTORY =back =head2 perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ =over 4 =item Q and A =over 4 =item perlunitut isn't really a Unicode tutorial, is it? =item What character encodings does Perl support? =item Which version of perl should I use? =item What about binary data, like images? =item When should I decode or encode? =item What if I don't decode? =item What if I don't encode? =item Is there a way to automatically decode or encode? =item What if I don't know which encoding was used? =item Can I use Unicode in my Perl sources? =item Data::Dumper doesn't restore the UTF8 flag; is it broken? =item Why do regex character classes sometimes match only in the ASCII range? =item Why do some characters not uppercase or lowercase correctly? =item How can I determine if a string is a text string or a binary string? =item How do I convert from encoding FOO to encoding BAR? =item What are C<decode_utf8> and C<encode_utf8>? =item What is a "wide character"? =back =item INTERNALS =over 4 =item What is "the UTF8 flag"? =item What about the C<use bytes> pragma? =item What about the C<use encoding> pragma? =item What is the difference between C<:encoding> and C<:utf8>? =item What's the difference between C<UTF-8> and C<utf8>? =item I lost track; what encoding is the internal format really? =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perluniprops - Index of Unicode Version 9.0.0 character properties in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Properties accessible through C<\p{}> and C<\P{}> Single form (C<\p{name}>) tighter rules:, white space adjacent to a non-word character, underscores separating digits in numbers, Compound form (C<\p{name=value}> or C<\p{name:value}>) tighter rules:, Stabilized, Deprecated, Obsolete, Discouraged, Z<>B<*> is a wild-card, B<(\d+)> in the info column gives the number of Unicode code points matched by this property, B<D> means this is deprecated, B<O> means this is obsolete, B<S> means this is stabilized, B<T> means tighter (stricter) name matching applies, B<X> means use of this form is discouraged, and may not be stable =over 4 =item Legal C<\p{}> and C<\P{}> constructs that match no characters \p{Canonical_Combining_Class=Attached_Below_Left}, \p{Canonical_Combining_Class=CCC133} =back =item Properties accessible through Unicode::UCD =item Properties accessible through other means =item Unicode character properties that are NOT accepted by Perl I<Expands_On_NFC> (XO_NFC), I<Expands_On_NFD> (XO_NFD), I<Expands_On_NFKC> (XO_NFKC), I<Expands_On_NFKD> (XO_NFKD), I<Grapheme_Link> (Gr_Link), I<Jamo_Short_Name> (JSN), I<Other_Alphabetic> (OAlpha), I<Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point> (ODI), I<Other_Grapheme_Extend> (OGr_Ext), I<Other_ID_Continue> (OIDC), I<Other_ID_Start> (OIDS), I<Other_Lowercase> (OLower), I<Other_Math> (OMath), I<Other_Uppercase> (OUpper), I<Script=Katakana_Or_Hiragana> (sc=Hrkt), I<Script_Extensions=Katakana_Or_Hiragana> (scx=Hrkt) =item Other information in the Unicode data base F<auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.html>, F<auxiliary/LineBreakTest.html>, F<auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.html>, F<auxiliary/WordBreakTest.html>, F<BidiCharacterTest.txt>, F<BidiTest.txt>, F<NormTest.txt>, F<CJKRadicals.txt>, F<EmojiSources.txt>, F<Index.txt>, F<NamedSqProv.txt>, F<NamesList.html>, F<NamesList.txt>, F<NormalizationCorrections.txt>, F<ReadMe.txt>, F<StandardizedVariants.html>, F<StandardizedVariants.txt>, F<TangutSources.txt>, F<USourceData.txt>, F<USourceGlyphs.pdf> =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Definitions =item Your new toolkit =item I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial) =back =item SUMMARY =item Q and A (or FAQ) =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS =over 4 =item ASCII =item ISO 8859 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) =item EBCDIC B<0037>, B<1047>, B<POSIX-BC> =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points =item Unicode and UTF =item Using Encode =back =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 =over 4 =item Table in hex, sorted in 1047 order =back =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS =item CONVERSIONS =over 4 =item C<utf8::unicode_to_native()> and C<utf8::native_to_unicode()> =item tr/// =item iconv =item C RTL =back =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES C<chr()>, C<ord()>, C<pack()>, C<print()>, C<printf()>, C<sort()>, C<sprintf()>, C<unpack()> =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES =item SOCKETS =item SORTING =over 4 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. =item Use a sort helper function =item MONO CASE then sort data (for non-digits, non-underscore) =item Perform sorting on one type of platform only. =back =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS =over 4 =item URL decoding and encoding =item uu encoding and decoding =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding =item Caesarean ciphers =back =item Hashing order and checksums =item I18N AND L10N =item MULTI-OCTET CHARACTER SETS =item OS ISSUES =over 4 =item OS/400 PASE, IFS access =item OS/390, z/OS C<sigaction>, C<chcp>, dataset access, C<iconv>, locales =item POSIX-BC? =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item REFERENCES =item HISTORY =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsec - Perl security =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION =item SECURITY MECHANISMS AND CONCERNS =over 4 =item Taint mode =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data =item Switches On the "#!" Line =item Taint mode and @INC =item Cleaning Up Your Path =item Security Bugs =item Protecting Your Programs =item Unicode =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks Hash Seed Randomization, Hash Traversal Randomization, Bucket Order Perturbance, New Default Hash Function, Alternative Hash Functions =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Is this the document you were after? This doc, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlmodstyle> =item Packages X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global> =item Symbol Tables X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias> =item BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT and END X<BEGIN> X<UNITCHECK> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END> =item Perl Classes X<class> X<@ISA> =item Perl Modules X<module> =item Making your module threadsafe X<threadsafe> X<thread safe> X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe> X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread> =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over 4 =item Pragmatic Modules arybase, attributes, autodie, autodie::exception, autodie::exception::system, autodie::hints, autodie::skip, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, deprecate, diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, experimental, feature, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, mro, ok, open, ops, overload, overloading, parent, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, vmsish, warnings::register =item Standard Modules Amiga::ARexx, Amiga::Exec, AnyDBM_File, App::Cpan, App::Prove, App::Prove::State, App::Prove::State::Result, App::Prove::State::Result::Test, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Op_private, B::Showlex, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, C<IO::Socket::IP>, C<Socket>, CORE, CPAN, CPAN::API::HOWTO, CPAN::Debug, CPAN::Distroprefs, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::HandleConfig, CPAN::Kwalify, CPAN::Meta, CPAN::Meta::Converter, CPAN::Meta::Feature, CPAN::Meta::History, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3, CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4, CPAN::Meta::Merge, CPAN::Meta::Prereqs, CPAN::Meta::Requirements, CPAN::Meta::Spec, CPAN::Meta::Validator, CPAN::Meta::YAML, CPAN::Nox, CPAN::Plugin, CPAN::Plugin::Specfile, CPAN::Queue, CPAN::Tarzip, CPAN::Version, Carp, Class::Struct, Compress::Raw::Bzip2, Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Zlib, Config, Config::Perl::V, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DBM_Filter::compress, DBM_Filter::encode, DBM_Filter::int32, DBM_Filter::null, DBM_Filter::utf8, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA, Digest::base, Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::GSM0338, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils, ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM::Utils, ExtUtils::MM_AIX, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_Darwin, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_QNX, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Miniperl, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities, ExtUtils::Typemaps, ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd, ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap, ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap, ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type, ExtUtils::XSSymSet, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Fetch, File::Find, File::Glob, File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::AmigaOS, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, HTTP::Tiny, Hash::Util, Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Bzip2, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::FAQ, IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base, IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Cmd, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SharedMem, IPC::SysV, Internals, JSON::PP, JSON::PP::Boolean, List::Util, List::Util::XS, Locale::Codes, Locale::Codes::API, Locale::Codes::Changes, Locale::Codes::Country, Locale::Codes::Currency, Locale::Codes::LangExt, Locale::Codes::LangFam, Locale::Codes::LangVar, Locale::Codes::Language, Locale::Codes::Script, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Cookbook, Locale::Maketext::Guts, Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader, Locale::Maketext::Simple, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc, Math::BigInt::Lib, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::CoreList, Module::CoreList::Utils, Module::Load, Module::Load::Conditional, Module::Loaded, Module::Metadata, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::FTP::dataconn, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, Params::Check, Parse::CPAN::Meta, Perl::OSType, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::mmap, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc, Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo, Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO, Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug, Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML, Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody, Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text, Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XHTML, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Storable, Sub::Util, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Syslog::Win32, TAP::Base, TAP::Formatter::Base, TAP::Formatter::Color, TAP::Formatter::Console, TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession, TAP::Formatter::Console::Session, TAP::Formatter::File, TAP::Formatter::File::Session, TAP::Formatter::Session, TAP::Harness, TAP::Harness::Env, TAP::Object, TAP::Parser, TAP::Parser::Aggregator, TAP::Parser::Grammar, TAP::Parser::Iterator, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream, TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory, TAP::Parser::Multiplexer, TAP::Parser::Result, TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout, TAP::Parser::Result::Comment, TAP::Parser::Result::Plan, TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma, TAP::Parser::Result::Test, TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown, TAP::Parser::Result::Version, TAP::Parser::Result::YAML, TAP::Parser::ResultFactory, TAP::Parser::Scheduler, TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job, TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner, TAP::Parser::Source, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP, TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader, TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test2, Test2::API, Test2::API::Breakage, Test2::API::Context, Test2::API::Instance, Test2::API::Stack, Test2::Event, Test2::Event::Bail, Test2::Event::Diag, Test2::Event::Encoding, Test2::Event::Exception, Test2::Event::Generic, Test2::Event::Info, Test2::Event::Note, Test2::Event::Ok, Test2::Event::Plan, Test2::Event::Skip, Test2::Event::Subtest, Test2::Event::TAP::Version, Test2::Event::Waiting, Test2::Formatter, Test2::Formatter::TAP, Test2::Hub, Test2::Hub::Interceptor, Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator, Test2::Hub::Subtest, Test2::IPC, Test2::IPC::Driver, Test2::IPC::Driver::Files, Test2::Tools::Tiny, Test2::Transition, Test2::Util, Test2::Util::ExternalMeta, Test2::Util::HashBase, Test2::Util::Trace, Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Formatter, Test::Builder::IO::Scalar, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester, Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Builder::TodoDiag, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Beyond, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tester, Test::Tester::Capture, Test::Tester::CaptureRunner, Test::Tutorial, Test::use::ok, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Hash::NamedCapture, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdHandle, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::Piece, Time::Seconds, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5, Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312, Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin, Unicode::Collate::Locale, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, VMS::DCLsym, VMS::Filespec, VMS::Stdio, Win32, Win32API::File, Win32CORE, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader, autodie::Scope::Guard, autodie::Scope::GuardStack, autodie::Util, version::Internals =item Extension Modules =back =item CPAN =over 4 =item Africa South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe =item Asia Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey, Viet Nam =item Europe Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom =item North America Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, United States, Alabama, Arizona, California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin =item Oceania Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand =item South America Argentina, Brazil, Chile =item RSYNC Mirrors =back =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse =over 4 =item Guidelines for Module Creation =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code =back =item NOTE =back =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide =over 4 =item INTRODUCTION =item QUICK CHECKLIST =over 4 =item Before you start =item The API =item Stability =item Documentation =item Release considerations =back =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE =over 4 =item Has it been done before? =item Do one thing and do it well =item What's in a name? =item Get feedback before publishing =back =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE =over 4 =item To OO or not to OO? =item Designing your API Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing =item Strictness and warnings =item Backwards compatibility =item Error handling and messages =back =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE =over 4 =item POD =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install =back =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS =over 4 =item Version numbering =item Pre-requisites =item Testing =item Packaging =item Licensing =back =item COMMON PITFALLS =over 4 =item Reinventing the wheel =item Trying to do too much =item Inappropriate documentation =back =item SEE ALSO L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools, Testing tools, L<http://pause.perl.org/>, Any good book on software engineering =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PREAMBLE B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module =back =item PORTABILITY =item HEY =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Warning =item What should I make into a module? =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again =item Step-by-step: Making the module Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the F<README>, Write F<Changes> =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make distcheck; make dist>, Upload the tarball, Fix bugs! =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlpragma - how to write a user pragma =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item A basic example =item Key naming =item Implementation details =back =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item LIST OF UTILITIES =over 4 =item Documentation L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>, L<pod2html|pod2html>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>, L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>, C<roffitall> =item Converters =item Administration L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>, L<perlivp> =item Development L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<perlthanks|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<enc2xs>, L<xsubpp>, L<prove>, L<corelist> =item General tools L<piconv>, L<ptar>, L<ptardiff>, L<ptargrep>, L<shasum>, L<zipdetails> =item Installation L<cpan>, L<instmodsh> =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item CONCEPTS =item USING FILTERS =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C B<Decryption Filters> =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER =item CONCLUSION =item LIMITATIONS =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle =item REQUIREMENTS =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perldtrace - Perl's support for DTrace =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item HISTORY =item PROBES sub-entry(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE), sub-return(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE), phase-change(NEWPHASE, OLDPHASE), op-entry(OPNAME), loading-file(FILENAME), loaded-file(FILENAME) =item EXAMPLES Most frequently called functions, Trace function calls, Function calls during interpreter cleanup, System calls at compile time, Perl functions that execute the most opcodes =item REFERENCES DTrace Dynamic Tracing Guide, DTrace: Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD =item SEE ALSO L<Devel::DTrace::Provider> =item AUTHORS =back =head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item A accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias, alphabetic, alternatives, anonymous, application, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical operator, array, array context, Artistic License, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit, autovivification, AV, awk =item B backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class, big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string, bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint, broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode =item C C, cache, callback, call by reference, call by value, canonical, capture variables, capturing, cargo cult, case, casefolding, casemapping, character, character class, character property, circumfix operator, class, class method, client, closure, cluster, CODE, code generator, codepoint, code subpattern, collating sequence, co-maintainer, combining character, command, command buffering, command-line arguments, command name, comment, compilation unit, compile, compile phase, compiler, compile time, composer, concatenation, conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation, core dump, CPAN, C preprocessor, cracker, currently selected output channel, current package, current working directory, CV =item D dangling statement, datagram, data structure, data type, DBM, declaration, declarator, decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class, descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory handle, discipline, dispatch, distribution, dual-lived, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping =item E eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, encapsulation, endian, en passant, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno, error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable file, execute, execute bit, exit status, exploit, export, expression, extension =item F false, FAQ, fatal error, feeping creaturism, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, file test operator, filter, first-come, flag, floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, foldcase, fork, formal arguments, format, freely available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character =item G garbage collection, GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, grapheme, greedy, grep, group, GV =item H hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV =item I identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing, indirect filehandle, indirection, indirect object, indirect object slot, infix, inheritance, instance, instance data, instance method, instance variable, integer, interface, interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, I/O layer, IPA, IP, IPC, is-a, iteration, iterator, IV =item J JAPH =item K key, keyword =item L label, laziness, leftmost longest, left shift, lexeme, lexer, lexical analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, linebreak, line buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead, lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lowercase, lvaluable, lvalue, lvalue modifier =item M magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage, matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method, method resolution order, minicpan, minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, mojibake, monger, mortal, mro, multidimensional array, multiple inheritance =item N named pipe, namespace, NaN, network address, newline, NFS, normalization, null character, null list, null string, numeric context, numification, NV, nybble =item O object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating system, operator, operator overloading, options, ordinal, overloading, overriding, owner =item P package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH, pathname, pattern, pattern matching, PAUSE, Perl mongers, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline, platform, pod, pod command, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, possessive, POSIX, postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, primary maintainer, procedure, process, program, program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype, pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin, pumpking, PV =item Q qualified, quantifier =item R race condition, readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator, reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, role, root, RTFM, run phase, runtime, runtime pattern, RV, rvalue =item S sandbox, scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable, scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator, serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang, shell, side effects, sigil, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice, slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard error, standard input, standard I/O, Standard Library, standard output, statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping, static variable, stat structure, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string, string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern, subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV, switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbolic debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, symbol table, synchronous, syntactic sugar, syntax, syntax tree, syscall =item T taint checks, tainted, taint mode, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, titlecase, TMTOWTDI, token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, topic, transliterate, trigger, trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typedef, typed lexical, typeglob, typemap =item U UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix, uppercase =item V value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void context, v-string =item W warning, watch expression, weak reference, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper, WYSIWYG =item X XS, XSUB =item Y yacc =item Z zero width, zombie =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PREAMBLE B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?> =item ROADMAP =item Compiling your C program =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter =item Execution of END blocks =item $0 assignments =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program =item Using embedded Perl with POSIX locales =back =item Hiding Perl_ =item MORAL =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Debugger Internals =over 4 =item Writing Your Own Debugger =back =item Frame Listing Output Examples =item Debugging Regular Expressions =over 4 =item Compile-time Output C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass> I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>, C<anchored(TYPE)> =item Types of Nodes =item Run-time Output =back =item Debugging Perl Memory Usage =over 4 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail: 6144> =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlxstut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SPECIAL NOTES =over 4 =item make =item Version caveat =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading =item Threads and PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT =back =item TUTORIAL =over 4 =item EXAMPLE 1 =item EXAMPLE 2 =item What has gone on? =item Writing good test scripts =item EXAMPLE 3 =item What's new here? =item Input and Output Parameters =item The XSUBPP Program =item The TYPEMAP file =item Warning about Output Arguments =item EXAMPLE 4 =item What has happened here? =item Anatomy of .xs file =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs =item More about XSUB arguments =item The Argument Stack =item Extending your Extension =item Documenting your Extension =item Installing your Extension =item EXAMPLE 5 =item New Things in this Example =item EXAMPLE 6 =item New Things in this Example =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes =item Troubleshooting these Examples =back =item See also =item Author =over 4 =item Last Changed =back =back =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Introduction =item On The Road =item The Anatomy of an XSUB =item The Argument Stack =item The RETVAL Variable =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL =item The MODULE Keyword =item The PACKAGE Keyword =item The PREFIX Keyword =item The OUTPUT: Keyword =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword =item The CODE: Keyword =item The INIT: Keyword =item The NO_INIT Keyword =item The TYPEMAP: Keyword =item Initializing Function Parameters =item Default Parameter Values =item The PREINIT: Keyword =item The SCOPE: Keyword =item The INPUT: Keyword =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword =item Variable-length Parameter Lists =item The C_ARGS: Keyword =item The PPCODE: Keyword =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists =item The REQUIRE: Keyword =item The CLEANUP: Keyword =item The POSTCALL: Keyword =item The BOOT: Keyword =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword =item The ALIAS: Keyword =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword =item The FALLBACK: Keyword =item The INTERFACE: Keyword =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword =item The INCLUDE: Keyword =item The INCLUDE_COMMAND: Keyword =item The CASE: Keyword =item The EXPORT_XSUB_SYMBOLS: Keyword =item The & Unary Operator =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives =item Using XS With C++ =item Interface Strategy =item Perl Objects And C Structures =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT, aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl), dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl) =item Thread-aware system interfaces =back =item EXAMPLES =item CAVEATS Non-locale-aware XS code, Locale-aware XS code =item XS VERSION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlxstypemap - Perl XS C/Perl type mapping =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Anatomy of a typemap =item The Role of the typemap File in Your Distribution =item Sharing typemaps Between CPAN Distributions =item Writing typemap Entries =item Full Listing of Core Typemaps T_SV, T_SVREF, T_SVREF_FIXED, T_AVREF, T_AVREF_REFCOUNT_FIXED, T_HVREF, T_HVREF_REFCOUNT_FIXED, T_CVREF, T_CVREF_REFCOUNT_FIXED, T_SYSRET, T_UV, T_IV, T_INT, T_ENUM, T_BOOL, T_U_INT, T_SHORT, T_U_SHORT, T_LONG, T_U_LONG, T_CHAR, T_U_CHAR, T_FLOAT, T_NV, T_DOUBLE, T_PV, T_PTR, T_PTRREF, T_PTROBJ, T_REF_IV_REF, T_REF_IV_PTR, T_PTRDESC, T_REFREF, T_REFOBJ, T_OPAQUEPTR, T_OPAQUE, Implicit array, T_PACKED, T_PACKEDARRAY, T_DATAUNIT, T_CALLBACK, T_ARRAY, T_STDIO, T_INOUT, T_IN, T_OUT =back =back =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Conventions C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s> =item File Operations =item File Input and Output =item File Positioning =item Memory Management and String Handling =item Character Class Tests =item F<stdlib.h> functions =item Miscellaneous functions =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Variables =over 4 =item Datatypes =item What is an "IV"? =item Working with SVs =item Offsets =item What's Really Stored in an SV? =item Working with AVs =item Working with HVs =item Hash API Extensions =item AVs, HVs and undefined values =item References =item Blessed References and Class Objects =item Creating New Variables GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN =item Reference Counts and Mortality =item Stashes and Globs =item Double-Typed SVs =item Read-Only Values =item Copy on Write =item Magic Variables =item Assigning Magic =item Magic Virtual Tables =item Finding Magic =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays =item Localizing changes C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>, C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)> =back =item Subroutines =over 4 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack =item Autoloading with XSUBs =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs =item Putting a C value on Perl stack =item Scratchpads =item Scratchpads and recursion =back =item Memory Allocation =over 4 =item Allocation =item Reallocation =item Moving =back =item PerlIO =item Compiled code =over 4 =item Code tree =item Examining the tree =item Compile pass 1: check routines =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding =item Compile pass 2: context propagation =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization =item Pluggable runops =item Compile-time scope hooks C<void bhk_start(pTHX_ int full)>, C<void bhk_pre_end(pTHX_ OP **o)>, C<void bhk_post_end(pTHX_ OP **o)>, C<void bhk_eval(pTHX_ OP *const o)> =back =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported =over 4 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT =item So what happened to dTHR? =item How do I use all this in extensions? =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS =back =item Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others =over 4 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs =item Formatted Printing of Size_t and SSize_t =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer =item Exception Handling =item Source Documentation =item Backwards compatibility =back =item Unicode Support =over 4 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway? =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8? =item How do I compare strings? =item Is there anything else I need to know? =back =item Custom Operators xop_name, xop_desc, xop_class, OA_BASEOP, OA_UNOP, OA_BINOP, OA_LOGOP, OA_LISTOP, OA_PMOP, OA_SVOP, OA_PADOP, OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP, OA_LOOP, OA_COP, xop_peep =item Dynamic Scope and the Context Stack =over 4 =item Introduction to the context stack =item Pushing contexts =item Popping contexts =item Redoing contexts =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event-Driven Program =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv =item FLAG VALUES =over 4 =item G_VOID =item G_SCALAR =item G_ARRAY =item G_DISCARD =item G_NOARGS =item G_EVAL =item G_KEEPERR =item Determining the Context =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item No Parameters, Nothing Returned =item Passing Parameters =item Returning a Scalar =item Returning a List of Values =item Returning a List in Scalar Context =item Returning Data from Perl via the Parameter List =item Using G_EVAL =item Using G_KEEPERR =item Using call_sv =item Using call_argv =item Using call_method =item Using GIMME_V =item Using Perl to Dispose of Temporaries =item Strategies for Storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback =item Alternate Stack Manipulation =item Creating and Calling an Anonymous Subroutine in C =back =item LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlmroapi - Perl method resolution plugin interface =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION resolve, name, length, kflags, hash =item Callbacks =item Caching =item Examples =item AUTHORS =back =head2 perlreapi - Perl regular expression plugin interface =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Callbacks =over 4 =item comp C</m> - RXf_PMf_MULTILINE, C</s> - RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE, C</i> - RXf_PMf_FOLD, C</x> - RXf_PMf_EXTENDED, C</p> - RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY, Character set, RXf_SPLIT, RXf_SKIPWHITE, RXf_START_ONLY, RXf_WHITE, RXf_NULL, RXf_NO_INPLACE_SUBST =item exec rx, sv, strbeg, strend, stringarg, minend, data, flags =item intuit =item checkstr =item free =item Numbered capture callbacks =item Named capture callbacks =item qr_package =item dupe =item op_comp =back =item The REGEXP structure =over 4 =item C<engine> =item C<mother_re> =item C<extflags> =item C<minlen> C<minlenret> =item C<gofs> =item C<substrs> =item C<nparens>, C<lastparen>, and C<lastcloseparen> =item C<intflags> =item C<pprivate> =item C<swap> =item C<offs> =item C<precomp> C<prelen> =item C<paren_names> =item C<substrs> =item C<subbeg> C<sublen> C<saved_copy> C<suboffset> C<subcoffset> =item C<wrapped> C<wraplen> =item C<seen_evals> =item C<refcnt> =back =item HISTORY =item AUTHORS =item LICENSE =back =head2 perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW =over 4 =item A quick note on terms =item What is a regular expression engine? =item Structure of a Regexp Program C<regnode_1>, C<regnode_2>, C<regnode_string>, C<regnode_charclass>, C<regnode_charclass_posixl> =back =item Process Overview A. Compilation, 1. Parsing for size, 2. Parsing for construction, 3. Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 4. Start position and no-match optimisations, 5. Program execution =over 4 =item Compilation anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions =item Execution =back =item MISCELLANEOUS =over 4 =item Unicode and Localisation Support =item Base Structures C<offsets>, C<regstclass>, C<data>, C<program> =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item LICENCE =item REFERENCES =back =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION X<Perl API> X<API> X<api> =item Array Manipulation Functions av_clear X<av_clear>, av_create_and_push X<av_create_and_push>, av_create_and_unshift_one X<av_create_and_unshift_one>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_fill X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_tindex X<av_tindex>, av_top_index X<av_top_index>, av_undef X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>, sortsv X<sortsv>, sortsv_flags X<sortsv_flags> =item Callback Functions call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>, call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, ENTER_with_name(name) X<ENTER_with_name(name)>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>, FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, LEAVE_with_name(name) X<LEAVE_with_name(name)>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS> =item Character case changing toFOLD X<toFOLD>, toFOLD_utf8 X<toFOLD_utf8>, toFOLD_utf8_safe X<toFOLD_utf8_safe>, toFOLD_uvchr X<toFOLD_uvchr>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>, toLOWER_L1 X<toLOWER_L1>, toLOWER_LC X<toLOWER_LC>, toLOWER_utf8 X<toLOWER_utf8>, toLOWER_utf8_safe X<toLOWER_utf8_safe>, toLOWER_uvchr X<toLOWER_uvchr>, toTITLE X<toTITLE>, toTITLE_utf8 X<toTITLE_utf8>, toTITLE_utf8_safe X<toTITLE_utf8_safe>, toTITLE_uvchr X<toTITLE_uvchr>, toUPPER X<toUPPER>, toUPPER_utf8 X<toUPPER_utf8>, toUPPER_utf8_safe X<toUPPER_utf8_safe>, toUPPER_uvchr X<toUPPER_uvchr> =item Character classification isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isALPHANUMERIC X<isALPHANUMERIC>, isASCII X<isASCII>, isBLANK X<isBLANK>, isCNTRL X<isCNTRL>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isGRAPH X<isGRAPH>, isIDCONT X<isIDCONT>, isIDFIRST X<isIDFIRST>, isLOWER X<isLOWER>, isOCTAL X<isOCTAL>, isPRINT X<isPRINT>, isPSXSPC X<isPSXSPC>, isPUNCT X<isPUNCT>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, isWORDCHAR X<isWORDCHAR>, isXDIGIT X<isXDIGIT> =item Cloning an interpreter perl_clone X<perl_clone> =item Compile-time scope hooks BhkDISABLE X<BhkDISABLE>, BhkENABLE X<BhkENABLE>, BhkENTRY_set X<BhkENTRY_set>, blockhook_register X<blockhook_register> =item COP Hint Hashes cophh_2hv X<cophh_2hv>, cophh_copy X<cophh_copy>, cophh_delete_pv X<cophh_delete_pv>, cophh_delete_pvn X<cophh_delete_pvn>, cophh_delete_pvs X<cophh_delete_pvs>, cophh_delete_sv X<cophh_delete_sv>, cophh_fetch_pv X<cophh_fetch_pv>, cophh_fetch_pvn X<cophh_fetch_pvn>, cophh_fetch_pvs X<cophh_fetch_pvs>, cophh_fetch_sv X<cophh_fetch_sv>, cophh_free X<cophh_free>, cophh_new_empty X<cophh_new_empty>, cophh_store_pv X<cophh_store_pv>, cophh_store_pvn X<cophh_store_pvn>, cophh_store_pvs X<cophh_store_pvs>, cophh_store_sv X<cophh_store_sv> =item COP Hint Reading cop_hints_2hv X<cop_hints_2hv>, cop_hints_fetch_pv X<cop_hints_fetch_pv>, cop_hints_fetch_pvn X<cop_hints_fetch_pvn>, cop_hints_fetch_pvs X<cop_hints_fetch_pvs>, cop_hints_fetch_sv X<cop_hints_fetch_sv> =item Custom Operators custom_op_register X<custom_op_register>, custom_op_xop X<custom_op_xop>, XopDISABLE X<XopDISABLE>, XopENABLE X<XopENABLE>, XopENTRY X<XopENTRY>, XopENTRYCUSTOM X<XopENTRYCUSTOM>, XopENTRY_set X<XopENTRY_set>, XopFLAGS X<XopFLAGS> =item CV Manipulation Functions caller_cx X<caller_cx>, CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, find_runcv X<find_runcv>, get_cv X<get_cv>, get_cvn_flags X<get_cvn_flags> =item C<xsubpp> variables and internal functions ax X<ax>, CLASS X<CLASS>, dAX X<dAX>, dAXMARK X<dAXMARK>, dITEMS X<dITEMS>, dUNDERBAR X<dUNDERBAR>, dXSARGS X<dXSARGS>, dXSI32 X<dXSI32>, items X<items>, ix X<ix>, RETVAL X<RETVAL>, ST X<ST>, THIS X<THIS>, UNDERBAR X<UNDERBAR>, XS X<XS>, XS_EXTERNAL X<XS_EXTERNAL>, XS_INTERNAL X<XS_INTERNAL> =item Debugging Utilities dump_all X<dump_all>, dump_packsubs X<dump_packsubs>, op_class X<op_class>, op_dump X<op_dump>, sv_dump X<sv_dump> =item Display and Dump functions pv_display X<pv_display>, pv_escape X<pv_escape>, pv_pretty X<pv_pretty> =item Embedding Functions cv_clone X<cv_clone>, cv_name X<cv_name>, cv_undef X<cv_undef>, find_rundefsv X<find_rundefsv>, find_rundefsvoffset X<find_rundefsvoffset>, intro_my X<intro_my>, load_module X<load_module>, newPADNAMELIST X<newPADNAMELIST>, newPADNAMEouter X<newPADNAMEouter>, newPADNAMEpvn X<newPADNAMEpvn>, nothreadhook X<nothreadhook>, pad_add_anon X<pad_add_anon>, pad_add_name_pv X<pad_add_name_pv>, pad_add_name_pvn X<pad_add_name_pvn>, pad_add_name_sv X<pad_add_name_sv>, pad_alloc X<pad_alloc>, pad_findmy_pv X<pad_findmy_pv>, pad_findmy_pvn X<pad_findmy_pvn>, pad_findmy_sv X<pad_findmy_sv>, padnamelist_fetch X<padnamelist_fetch>, padnamelist_store X<padnamelist_store>, pad_setsv X<pad_setsv>, pad_sv X<pad_sv>, pad_tidy X<pad_tidy>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>, perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv> =item Exception Handling (simple) Macros dXCPT X<dXCPT>, XCPT_CATCH X<XCPT_CATCH>, XCPT_RETHROW X<XCPT_RETHROW>, XCPT_TRY_END X<XCPT_TRY_END>, XCPT_TRY_START X<XCPT_TRY_START> =item Functions in file scope.c save_gp X<save_gp> =item Functions in file vutil.c new_version X<new_version>, prescan_version X<prescan_version>, scan_version X<scan_version>, upg_version X<upg_version>, vcmp X<vcmp>, vnormal X<vnormal>, vnumify X<vnumify>, vstringify X<vstringify>, vverify X<vverify>, The SV is an HV or a reference to an HV, The hash contains a "version" key, The "version" key has a reference to an AV as its value =item "Gimme" Values G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>, G_VOID X<G_VOID> =item Global Variables PL_check X<PL_check>, PL_keyword_plugin X<PL_keyword_plugin> =item GV Functions GvAV X<GvAV>, gv_const_sv X<gv_const_sv>, GvCV X<GvCV>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>, gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_autoload X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_pv X<gv_fetchmeth_pv>, gv_fetchmeth_pvn X<gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload X<gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload X<gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_sv X<gv_fetchmeth_sv>, gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload X<gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload>, GvHV X<GvHV>, gv_init X<gv_init>, gv_init_pv X<gv_init_pv>, gv_init_pvn X<gv_init_pvn>, gv_init_sv X<gv_init_sv>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>, gv_stashpvn X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashpvs X<gv_stashpvs>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>, GvSV X<GvSV>, setdefout X<setdefout> =item Handy Values Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>, Nullsv X<Nullsv> =item Hash Manipulation Functions cop_fetch_label X<cop_fetch_label>, cop_store_label X<cop_store_label>, get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>, HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeUTF8 X<HeUTF8>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, hv_assert X<hv_assert>, hv_bucket_ratio X<hv_bucket_ratio>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>, hv_clear_placeholders X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_copy_hints_hv X<hv_copy_hints_hv>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>, hv_delete_ent X<hv_delete_ent>, HvENAME X<HvENAME>, HvENAMELEN X<HvENAMELEN>, HvENAMEUTF8 X<HvENAMEUTF8>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent X<hv_exists_ent>, hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetchs X<hv_fetchs>, hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>, hv_fill X<hv_fill>, hv_iterinit X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv X<hv_iterkeysv>, hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>, hv_iternextsv X<hv_iternextsv>, hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>, hv_iterval X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic X<hv_magic>, HvNAME X<HvNAME>, HvNAMELEN X<HvNAMELEN>, HvNAMEUTF8 X<HvNAMEUTF8>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>, hv_store X<hv_store>, hv_stores X<hv_stores>, hv_store_ent X<hv_store_ent>, hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV X<newHV> =item Hook manipulation wrap_op_checker X<wrap_op_checker> =item Lexer interface lex_bufutf8 X<lex_bufutf8>, lex_discard_to X<lex_discard_to>, lex_grow_linestr X<lex_grow_linestr>, lex_next_chunk X<lex_next_chunk>, lex_peek_unichar X<lex_peek_unichar>, lex_read_space X<lex_read_space>, lex_read_to X<lex_read_to>, lex_read_unichar X<lex_read_unichar>, lex_start X<lex_start>, lex_stuff_pv X<lex_stuff_pv>, lex_stuff_pvn X<lex_stuff_pvn>, lex_stuff_pvs X<lex_stuff_pvs>, lex_stuff_sv X<lex_stuff_sv>, lex_unstuff X<lex_unstuff>, parse_arithexpr X<parse_arithexpr>, parse_barestmt X<parse_barestmt>, parse_block X<parse_block>, parse_fullexpr X<parse_fullexpr>, parse_fullstmt X<parse_fullstmt>, parse_label X<parse_label>, parse_listexpr X<parse_listexpr>, parse_stmtseq X<parse_stmtseq>, parse_termexpr X<parse_termexpr>, PL_parser X<PL_parser>, PL_parser-E<gt>bufend X<PL_parser-E<gt>bufend>, PL_parser-E<gt>bufptr X<PL_parser-E<gt>bufptr>, PL_parser-E<gt>linestart X<PL_parser-E<gt>linestart>, PL_parser-E<gt>linestr X<PL_parser-E<gt>linestr> =item Locale-related functions and macros DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION X<DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION>, RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC X<RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC>, STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING X<STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING>, STORE_LC_NUMERIC_SET_TO_NEEDED X<STORE_LC_NUMERIC_SET_TO_NEEDED>, sync_locale X<sync_locale> =item Magical Functions mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_findext X<mg_findext>, mg_free X<mg_free>, mg_free_type X<mg_free_type>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>, SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK X<SvUNLOCK> =item Memory Management Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>, Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, PoisonFree X<PoisonFree>, PoisonNew X<PoisonNew>, PoisonWith X<PoisonWith>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>, savepvs X<savepvs>, savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesharedpvn X<savesharedpvn>, savesharedpvs X<savesharedpvs>, savesharedsvpv X<savesharedsvpv>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>, StructCopy X<StructCopy>, Zero X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD> =item Miscellaneous Functions dump_c_backtrace X<dump_c_backtrace>, fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, foldEQ X<foldEQ>, foldEQ_locale X<foldEQ_locale>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv X<getcwd_sv>, get_c_backtrace_dump X<get_c_backtrace_dump>, ibcmp X<ibcmp>, ibcmp_locale X<ibcmp_locale>, is_safe_syscall X<is_safe_syscall>, memEQ X<memEQ>, memNE X<memNE>, mess X<mess>, mess_sv X<mess_sv>, my_snprintf X<my_snprintf>, my_sprintf X<my_sprintf>, my_strlcat X<my_strlcat>, my_strlcpy X<my_strlcpy>, my_vsnprintf X<my_vsnprintf>, ninstr X<ninstr>, PERL_SYS_INIT X<PERL_SYS_INIT>, PERL_SYS_INIT3 X<PERL_SYS_INIT3>, PERL_SYS_TERM X<PERL_SYS_TERM>, quadmath_format_needed X<quadmath_format_needed>, quadmath_format_single X<quadmath_format_single>, READ_XDIGIT X<READ_XDIGIT>, rninstr X<rninstr>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT X<strGT>, strLE X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>, strnNE X<strnNE>, sv_destroyable X<sv_destroyable>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>, vmess X<vmess> =item MRO Functions mro_get_linear_isa X<mro_get_linear_isa>, mro_method_changed_in X<mro_method_changed_in>, mro_register X<mro_register> =item Multicall Functions dMULTICALL X<dMULTICALL>, MULTICALL X<MULTICALL>, POP_MULTICALL X<POP_MULTICALL>, PUSH_MULTICALL X<PUSH_MULTICALL> =item Numeric functions grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_infnan X<grok_infnan>, grok_number X<grok_number>, grok_number_flags X<grok_number_flags>, grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>, isinfnan X<isinfnan>, Perl_signbit X<Perl_signbit>, scan_bin X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>, scan_oct X<scan_oct> =item Obsolete backwards compatibility functions custom_op_desc X<custom_op_desc>, custom_op_name X<custom_op_name>, gv_fetchmethod X<gv_fetchmethod>, is_utf8_char X<is_utf8_char>, is_utf8_char_buf X<is_utf8_char_buf>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, pad_compname_type X<pad_compname_type>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>, sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>, sv_2pv_nolen X<sv_2pv_nolen>, sv_catpvn_mg X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>, sv_force_normal X<sv_force_normal>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_nolocking X<sv_nolocking>, sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pv X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvn X<sv_pvn>, sv_pvutf8 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_taint X<sv_taint>, sv_unref X<sv_unref>, sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>, sv_usepvn_mg X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>, unpack_str X<unpack_str>, utf8_to_uvchr X<utf8_to_uvchr>, utf8_to_uvuni X<utf8_to_uvuni> =item Optree construction newASSIGNOP X<newASSIGNOP>, newBINOP X<newBINOP>, newCONDOP X<newCONDOP>, newDEFSVOP X<newDEFSVOP>, newFOROP X<newFOROP>, newGIVENOP X<newGIVENOP>, newGVOP X<newGVOP>, newLISTOP X<newLISTOP>, newLOGOP X<newLOGOP>, newLOOPEX X<newLOOPEX>, newLOOPOP X<newLOOPOP>, newMETHOP X<newMETHOP>, newMETHOP_named X<newMETHOP_named>, newNULLLIST X<newNULLLIST>, newOP X<newOP>, newPADOP X<newPADOP>, newPMOP X<newPMOP>, newPVOP X<newPVOP>, newRANGE X<newRANGE>, newSLICEOP X<newSLICEOP>, newSTATEOP X<newSTATEOP>, newSVOP X<newSVOP>, newUNOP X<newUNOP>, newUNOP_AUX X<newUNOP_AUX>, newWHENOP X<newWHENOP>, newWHILEOP X<newWHILEOP> =item Optree Manipulation Functions alloccopstash X<alloccopstash>, block_end X<block_end>, block_start X<block_start>, ck_entersub_args_list X<ck_entersub_args_list>, ck_entersub_args_proto X<ck_entersub_args_proto>, ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list X<ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list>, cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, cv_get_call_checker X<cv_get_call_checker>, cv_set_call_checker X<cv_set_call_checker>, cv_set_call_checker_flags X<cv_set_call_checker_flags>, LINKLIST X<LINKLIST>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newCONSTSUB_flags X<newCONSTSUB_flags>, newXS X<newXS>, op_append_elem X<op_append_elem>, op_append_list X<op_append_list>, OP_CLASS X<OP_CLASS>, op_contextualize X<op_contextualize>, op_convert_list X<op_convert_list>, OP_DESC X<OP_DESC>, op_free X<op_free>, OpHAS_SIBLING X<OpHAS_SIBLING>, OpLASTSIB_set X<OpLASTSIB_set>, op_linklist X<op_linklist>, op_lvalue X<op_lvalue>, OpMAYBESIB_set X<OpMAYBESIB_set>, OpMORESIB_set X<OpMORESIB_set>, OP_NAME X<OP_NAME>, op_null X<op_null>, op_parent X<op_parent>, op_prepend_elem X<op_prepend_elem>, op_scope X<op_scope>, OpSIBLING X<OpSIBLING>, op_sibling_splice X<op_sibling_splice>, OP_TYPE_IS X<OP_TYPE_IS>, OP_TYPE_IS_OR_WAS X<OP_TYPE_IS_OR_WAS>, rv2cv_op_cv X<rv2cv_op_cv> =item Pack and Unpack packlist X<packlist>, unpackstring X<unpackstring> =item Pad Data Structures CvPADLIST X<CvPADLIST>, pad_add_name_pvs X<pad_add_name_pvs>, PadARRAY X<PadARRAY>, pad_findmy_pvs X<pad_findmy_pvs>, PadlistARRAY X<PadlistARRAY>, PadlistMAX X<PadlistMAX>, PadlistNAMES X<PadlistNAMES>, PadlistNAMESARRAY X<PadlistNAMESARRAY>, PadlistNAMESMAX X<PadlistNAMESMAX>, PadlistREFCNT X<PadlistREFCNT>, PadMAX X<PadMAX>, PadnameLEN X<PadnameLEN>, PadnamelistARRAY X<PadnamelistARRAY>, PadnamelistMAX X<PadnamelistMAX>, PadnamelistREFCNT X<PadnamelistREFCNT>, PadnamelistREFCNT_dec X<PadnamelistREFCNT_dec>, PadnamePV X<PadnamePV>, PadnameREFCNT X<PadnameREFCNT>, PadnameREFCNT_dec X<PadnameREFCNT_dec>, PadnameSV X<PadnameSV>, PadnameUTF8 X<PadnameUTF8>, pad_new X<pad_new>, PL_comppad X<PL_comppad>, PL_comppad_name X<PL_comppad_name>, PL_curpad X<PL_curpad> =item Per-Interpreter Variables PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_opfreehook X<PL_opfreehook>, PL_peepp X<PL_peepp>, PL_rpeepp X<PL_rpeepp>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>, PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes> =item REGEXP Functions SvRX X<SvRX>, SvRXOK X<SvRXOK> =item Stack Manipulation Macros dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHs X<mPUSHs>, mPUSHu X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>, mXPUSHs X<mXPUSHs>, mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs X<POPs>, POPu X<POPu>, POPul X<POPul>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>, PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>, XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>, XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES X<XST_mYES> =item SV-Body Allocation looks_like_number X<looks_like_number>, newRV_noinc X<newRV_noinc>, newSV X<newSV>, newSVhek X<newSVhek>, newSViv X<newSViv>, newSVnv X<newSVnv>, newSVpv X<newSVpv>, newSVpvf X<newSVpvf>, newSVpvn X<newSVpvn>, newSVpvn_flags X<newSVpvn_flags>, newSVpvn_share X<newSVpvn_share>, newSVpvs X<newSVpvs>, newSVpvs_flags X<newSVpvs_flags>, newSVpv_share X<newSVpv_share>, newSVpvs_share X<newSVpvs_share>, newSVrv X<newSVrv>, newSVsv X<newSVsv>, newSV_type X<newSV_type>, newSVuv X<newSVuv>, sv_2bool X<sv_2bool>, sv_2bool_flags X<sv_2bool_flags>, sv_2cv X<sv_2cv>, sv_2io X<sv_2io>, sv_2iv_flags X<sv_2iv_flags>, sv_2mortal X<sv_2mortal>, sv_2nv_flags X<sv_2nv_flags>, sv_2pvbyte X<sv_2pvbyte>, sv_2pvutf8 X<sv_2pvutf8>, sv_2pv_flags X<sv_2pv_flags>, sv_2uv_flags X<sv_2uv_flags>, sv_backoff X<sv_backoff>, sv_bless X<sv_bless>, sv_catpv X<sv_catpv>, sv_catpvf X<sv_catpvf>, sv_catpvf_mg X<sv_catpvf_mg>, sv_catpvn X<sv_catpvn>, sv_catpvn_flags X<sv_catpvn_flags>, sv_catpvs X<sv_catpvs>, sv_catpvs_flags X<sv_catpvs_flags>, sv_catpvs_mg X<sv_catpvs_mg>, sv_catpvs_nomg X<sv_catpvs_nomg>, sv_catpv_flags X<sv_catpv_flags>, sv_catpv_mg X<sv_catpv_mg>, sv_catsv X<sv_catsv>, sv_catsv_flags X<sv_catsv_flags>, sv_chop X<sv_chop>, sv_clear X<sv_clear>, sv_cmp X<sv_cmp>, sv_cmp_flags X<sv_cmp_flags>, sv_cmp_locale X<sv_cmp_locale>, sv_cmp_locale_flags X<sv_cmp_locale_flags>, sv_collxfrm X<sv_collxfrm>, sv_collxfrm_flags X<sv_collxfrm_flags>, sv_copypv X<sv_copypv>, sv_copypv_flags X<sv_copypv_flags>, sv_copypv_nomg X<sv_copypv_nomg>, sv_dec X<sv_dec>, sv_dec_nomg X<sv_dec_nomg>, sv_eq X<sv_eq>, sv_eq_flags X<sv_eq_flags>, sv_force_normal_flags X<sv_force_normal_flags>, sv_free X<sv_free>, sv_gets X<sv_gets>, sv_get_backrefs X<sv_get_backrefs>, sv_grow X<sv_grow>, sv_inc X<sv_inc>, sv_inc_nomg X<sv_inc_nomg>, sv_insert X<sv_insert>, sv_insert_flags X<sv_insert_flags>, sv_isa X<sv_isa>, sv_isobject X<sv_isobject>, sv_len X<sv_len>, sv_len_utf8 X<sv_len_utf8>, sv_magic X<sv_magic>, sv_magicext X<sv_magicext>, sv_mortalcopy X<sv_mortalcopy>, sv_newmortal X<sv_newmortal>, sv_newref X<sv_newref>, sv_pos_b2u X<sv_pos_b2u>, sv_pos_b2u_flags X<sv_pos_b2u_flags>, sv_pos_u2b X<sv_pos_u2b>, sv_pos_u2b_flags X<sv_pos_u2b_flags>, sv_pvbyten_force X<sv_pvbyten_force>, sv_pvn_force X<sv_pvn_force>, sv_pvn_force_flags X<sv_pvn_force_flags>, sv_pvutf8n_force X<sv_pvutf8n_force>, sv_ref X<sv_ref>, sv_reftype X<sv_reftype>, sv_replace X<sv_replace>, sv_reset X<sv_reset>, sv_rvweaken X<sv_rvweaken>, sv_setiv X<sv_setiv>, sv_setiv_mg X<sv_setiv_mg>, sv_setnv X<sv_setnv>, sv_setnv_mg X<sv_setnv_mg>, sv_setpv X<sv_setpv>, sv_setpvf X<sv_setpvf>, sv_setpvf_mg X<sv_setpvf_mg>, sv_setpviv X<sv_setpviv>, sv_setpviv_mg X<sv_setpviv_mg>, sv_setpvn X<sv_setpvn>, sv_setpvn_mg X<sv_setpvn_mg>, sv_setpvs X<sv_setpvs>, sv_setpvs_mg X<sv_setpvs_mg>, sv_setpv_bufsize X<sv_setpv_bufsize>, sv_setpv_mg X<sv_setpv_mg>, sv_setref_iv X<sv_setref_iv>, sv_setref_nv X<sv_setref_nv>, sv_setref_pv X<sv_setref_pv>, sv_setref_pvn X<sv_setref_pvn>, sv_setref_pvs X<sv_setref_pvs>, sv_setref_uv X<sv_setref_uv>, sv_setsv X<sv_setsv>, sv_setsv_flags X<sv_setsv_flags>, sv_setsv_mg X<sv_setsv_mg>, sv_setuv X<sv_setuv>, sv_setuv_mg X<sv_setuv_mg>, sv_set_undef X<sv_set_undef>, sv_tainted X<sv_tainted>, sv_true X<sv_true>, sv_unmagic X<sv_unmagic>, sv_unmagicext X<sv_unmagicext>, sv_unref_flags X<sv_unref_flags>, sv_untaint X<sv_untaint>, sv_upgrade X<sv_upgrade>, sv_usepvn_flags X<sv_usepvn_flags>, sv_utf8_decode X<sv_utf8_decode>, sv_utf8_downgrade X<sv_utf8_downgrade>, sv_utf8_encode X<sv_utf8_encode>, sv_utf8_upgrade X<sv_utf8_upgrade>, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow>, sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg X<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg>, sv_vcatpvf X<sv_vcatpvf>, sv_vcatpvfn X<sv_vcatpvfn>, sv_vcatpvfn_flags X<sv_vcatpvfn_flags>, sv_vcatpvf_mg X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>, sv_vsetpvf X<sv_vsetpvf>, sv_vsetpvfn X<sv_vsetpvfn>, sv_vsetpvf_mg X<sv_vsetpvf_mg> =item SV Flags SVt_INVLIST X<SVt_INVLIST>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NULL X<SVt_NULL>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>, SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVFM X<SVt_PVFM>, SVt_PVGV X<SVt_PVGV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVIO X<SVt_PVIO>, SVt_PVIV X<SVt_PVIV>, SVt_PVLV X<SVt_PVLV>, SVt_PVMG X<SVt_PVMG>, SVt_PVNV X<SVt_PVNV>, SVt_REGEXP X<SVt_REGEXP>, svtype X<svtype> =item SV Manipulation Functions boolSV X<boolSV>, croak_xs_usage X<croak_xs_usage>, get_sv X<get_sv>, newRV_inc X<newRV_inc>, newSVpadname X<newSVpadname>, newSVpvn_utf8 X<newSVpvn_utf8>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>, sv_catpv_nomg X<sv_catpv_nomg>, sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set X<SvCUR_set>, sv_derived_from X<sv_derived_from>, sv_derived_from_pv X<sv_derived_from_pv>, sv_derived_from_pvn X<sv_derived_from_pvn>, sv_derived_from_sv X<sv_derived_from_sv>, sv_does X<sv_does>, sv_does_pv X<sv_does_pv>, sv_does_pvn X<sv_does_pvn>, sv_does_sv X<sv_does_sv>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGAMAGIC X<SvGAMAGIC>, SvGROW X<SvGROW>, SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>, SvIOK_off X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>, SvIOK_only_UV X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>, SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIV_nomg X<SvIV_nomg>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>, SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvLEN X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNIOKp X<SvNIOKp>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>, SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only X<SvNOK_only>, SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>, SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNV_nomg X<SvNV_nomg>, SvNV_set X<SvNV_set>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvOK X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvOOK_offset X<SvOOK_offset>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOK_off X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only X<SvPOK_only>, SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPOKp X<SvPOKp>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte X<SvPVbyte>, SvPVbyte_force X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>, SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>, SvPVCLEAR X<SvPVCLEAR>, SvPV_force X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>, SvPV_nolen X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_nomg X<SvPV_nomg>, SvPV_nomg_nolen X<SvPV_nomg_nolen>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>, SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx X<SvPVx>, SvREADONLY X<SvREADONLY>, SvREADONLY_off X<SvREADONLY_off>, SvREADONLY_on X<SvREADONLY_on>, SvREFCNT X<SvREFCNT>, SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_dec_NN X<SvREFCNT_dec_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>, SvREFCNT_inc_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_void>, SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN>, sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>, SvROK X<SvROK>, SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>, SvRV_set X<SvRV_set>, sv_setsv_nomg X<sv_setsv_nomg>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>, SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>, SvTAINT X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>, SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>, SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE X<SvTRUE>, SvTRUE_nomg X<SvTRUE_nomg>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8 X<SvUTF8>, sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg X<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg>, SvUTF8_off X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>, SvUV_nomg X<SvUV_nomg>, SvUV_set X<SvUV_set>, SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx X<SvUVx>, SvVOK X<SvVOK> =item Unicode Support BOM_UTF8 X<BOM_UTF8>, bytes_cmp_utf8 X<bytes_cmp_utf8>, bytes_from_utf8 X<bytes_from_utf8>, bytes_to_utf8 X<bytes_to_utf8>, DO_UTF8 X<DO_UTF8>, foldEQ_utf8 X<foldEQ_utf8>, is_ascii_string X<is_ascii_string>, is_c9strict_utf8_string X<is_c9strict_utf8_string>, is_c9strict_utf8_string_loc X<is_c9strict_utf8_string_loc>, is_c9strict_utf8_string_loclen X<is_c9strict_utf8_string_loclen>, isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR X<isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR>, is_invariant_string X<is_invariant_string>, isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR X<isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR>, is_strict_utf8_string X<is_strict_utf8_string>, is_strict_utf8_string_loc X<is_strict_utf8_string_loc>, is_strict_utf8_string_loclen X<is_strict_utf8_string_loclen>, is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags X<is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags>, is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loclen_flags X<is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loclen_flags>, is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loc_flags X<is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loc_flags>, is_utf8_invariant_string X<is_utf8_invariant_string>, is_utf8_string X<is_utf8_string>, is_utf8_string_flags X<is_utf8_string_flags>, is_utf8_string_loc X<is_utf8_string_loc>, is_utf8_string_loclen X<is_utf8_string_loclen>, is_utf8_string_loclen_flags X<is_utf8_string_loclen_flags>, is_utf8_string_loc_flags X<is_utf8_string_loc_flags>, is_utf8_valid_partial_char X<is_utf8_valid_partial_char>, is_utf8_valid_partial_char_flags X<is_utf8_valid_partial_char_flags>, isUTF8_CHAR X<isUTF8_CHAR>, isUTF8_CHAR_flags X<isUTF8_CHAR_flags>, pv_uni_display X<pv_uni_display>, REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8 X<REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8>, sv_cat_decode X<sv_cat_decode>, sv_recode_to_utf8 X<sv_recode_to_utf8>, sv_uni_display X<sv_uni_display>, to_utf8_case X<to_utf8_case>, to_utf8_fold X<to_utf8_fold>, to_utf8_lower X<to_utf8_lower>, to_utf8_title X<to_utf8_title>, to_utf8_upper X<to_utf8_upper>, utf8n_to_uvchr X<utf8n_to_uvchr>, utf8n_to_uvchr_error X<utf8n_to_uvchr_error>, C<UTF8_GOT_ABOVE_31_BIT>, C<UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION>, C<UTF8_GOT_EMPTY>, C<UTF8_GOT_LONG>, C<UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR>, C<UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION>, C<UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW>, C<UTF8_GOT_SHORT>, C<UTF8_GOT_SUPER>, C<UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE>, utf8n_to_uvuni X<utf8n_to_uvuni>, UTF8SKIP X<UTF8SKIP>, utf8_distance X<utf8_distance>, utf8_hop X<utf8_hop>, utf8_hop_back X<utf8_hop_back>, utf8_hop_forward X<utf8_hop_forward>, utf8_hop_safe X<utf8_hop_safe>, UTF8_IS_INVARIANT X<UTF8_IS_INVARIANT>, UTF8_IS_NONCHAR X<UTF8_IS_NONCHAR>, UTF8_IS_SUPER X<UTF8_IS_SUPER>, UTF8_IS_SURROGATE X<UTF8_IS_SURROGATE>, utf8_length X<utf8_length>, utf8_to_bytes X<utf8_to_bytes>, utf8_to_uvchr_buf X<utf8_to_uvchr_buf>, utf8_to_uvuni_buf X<utf8_to_uvuni_buf>, UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT X<UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT>, UVCHR_SKIP X<UVCHR_SKIP>, uvchr_to_utf8 X<uvchr_to_utf8>, uvchr_to_utf8_flags X<uvchr_to_utf8_flags>, uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags>, uvuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>, valid_utf8_to_uvchr X<valid_utf8_to_uvchr> =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions newXSproto X<newXSproto>, XS_APIVERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_APIVERSION_BOOTCHECK>, XS_VERSION X<XS_VERSION>, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK> =item Warning and Dieing ckWARN X<ckWARN>, ckWARN2 X<ckWARN2>, ckWARN3 X<ckWARN3>, ckWARN4 X<ckWARN4>, ckWARN_d X<ckWARN_d>, ckWARN2_d X<ckWARN2_d>, ckWARN3_d X<ckWARN3_d>, ckWARN4_d X<ckWARN4_d>, croak X<croak>, croak_no_modify X<croak_no_modify>, croak_sv X<croak_sv>, die X<die>, die_sv X<die_sv>, vcroak X<vcroak>, vwarn X<vwarn>, warn X<warn>, warn_sv X<warn_sv> =item Undocumented functions GetVars X<GetVars>, Gv_AMupdate X<Gv_AMupdate>, PerlIO_clearerr X<PerlIO_clearerr>, PerlIO_close X<PerlIO_close>, PerlIO_context_layers X<PerlIO_context_layers>, PerlIO_eof X<PerlIO_eof>, PerlIO_error X<PerlIO_error>, PerlIO_fileno X<PerlIO_fileno>, PerlIO_fill X<PerlIO_fill>, PerlIO_flush X<PerlIO_flush>, PerlIO_get_base X<PerlIO_get_base>, PerlIO_get_bufsiz X<PerlIO_get_bufsiz>, PerlIO_get_cnt X<PerlIO_get_cnt>, PerlIO_get_ptr X<PerlIO_get_ptr>, PerlIO_read X<PerlIO_read>, PerlIO_seek X<PerlIO_seek>, PerlIO_set_cnt X<PerlIO_set_cnt>, PerlIO_set_ptrcnt X<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt>, PerlIO_setlinebuf X<PerlIO_setlinebuf>, PerlIO_stderr X<PerlIO_stderr>, PerlIO_stdin X<PerlIO_stdin>, PerlIO_stdout X<PerlIO_stdout>, PerlIO_tell X<PerlIO_tell>, PerlIO_unread X<PerlIO_unread>, PerlIO_write X<PerlIO_write>, amagic_call X<amagic_call>, amagic_deref_call X<amagic_deref_call>, any_dup X<any_dup>, atfork_lock X<atfork_lock>, atfork_unlock X<atfork_unlock>, av_arylen_p X<av_arylen_p>, av_iter_p X<av_iter_p>, block_gimme X<block_gimme>, call_atexit X<call_atexit>, call_list X<call_list>, calloc X<calloc>, cast_i32 X<cast_i32>, cast_iv X<cast_iv>, cast_ulong X<cast_ulong>, cast_uv X<cast_uv>, ck_warner X<ck_warner>, ck_warner_d X<ck_warner_d>, ckwarn X<ckwarn>, ckwarn_d X<ckwarn_d>, clear_defarray X<clear_defarray>, clone_params_del X<clone_params_del>, clone_params_new X<clone_params_new>, croak_memory_wrap X<croak_memory_wrap>, croak_nocontext X<croak_nocontext>, csighandler X<csighandler>, cx_dump X<cx_dump>, cx_dup X<cx_dup>, cxinc X<cxinc>, deb X<deb>, deb_nocontext X<deb_nocontext>, debop X<debop>, debprofdump X<debprofdump>, debstack X<debstack>, debstackptrs X<debstackptrs>, delimcpy X<delimcpy>, despatch_signals X<despatch_signals>, die_nocontext X<die_nocontext>, dirp_dup X<dirp_dup>, do_aspawn X<do_aspawn>, do_binmode X<do_binmode>, do_close X<do_close>, do_gv_dump X<do_gv_dump>, do_gvgv_dump X<do_gvgv_dump>, do_hv_dump X<do_hv_dump>, do_join X<do_join>, do_magic_dump X<do_magic_dump>, do_op_dump X<do_op_dump>, do_open X<do_open>, do_open9 X<do_open9>, do_openn X<do_openn>, do_pmop_dump X<do_pmop_dump>, do_spawn X<do_spawn>, do_spawn_nowait X<do_spawn_nowait>, do_sprintf X<do_sprintf>, do_sv_dump X<do_sv_dump>, doing_taint X<doing_taint>, doref X<doref>, dounwind X<dounwind>, dowantarray X<dowantarray>, dump_eval X<dump_eval>, dump_form X<dump_form>, dump_indent X<dump_indent>, dump_mstats X<dump_mstats>, dump_sub X<dump_sub>, dump_vindent X<dump_vindent>, filter_add X<filter_add>, filter_del X<filter_del>, filter_read X<filter_read>, foldEQ_latin1 X<foldEQ_latin1>, form_nocontext X<form_nocontext>, fp_dup X<fp_dup>, fprintf_nocontext X<fprintf_nocontext>, free_global_struct X<free_global_struct>, free_tmps X<free_tmps>, get_context X<get_context>, get_mstats X<get_mstats>, get_op_descs X<get_op_descs>, get_op_names X<get_op_names>, get_ppaddr X<get_ppaddr>, get_vtbl X<get_vtbl>, gp_dup X<gp_dup>, gp_free X<gp_free>, gp_ref X<gp_ref>, gv_AVadd X<gv_AVadd>, gv_HVadd X<gv_HVadd>, gv_IOadd X<gv_IOadd>, gv_SVadd X<gv_SVadd>, gv_add_by_type X<gv_add_by_type>, gv_autoload4 X<gv_autoload4>, gv_autoload_pv X<gv_autoload_pv>, gv_autoload_pvn X<gv_autoload_pvn>, gv_autoload_sv X<gv_autoload_sv>, gv_check X<gv_check>, gv_dump X<gv_dump>, gv_efullname X<gv_efullname>, gv_efullname3 X<gv_efullname3>, gv_efullname4 X<gv_efullname4>, gv_fetchfile X<gv_fetchfile>, gv_fetchfile_flags X<gv_fetchfile_flags>, gv_fetchpv X<gv_fetchpv>, gv_fetchpvn_flags X<gv_fetchpvn_flags>, gv_fetchsv X<gv_fetchsv>, gv_fullname X<gv_fullname>, gv_fullname3 X<gv_fullname3>, gv_fullname4 X<gv_fullname4>, gv_handler X<gv_handler>, gv_name_set X<gv_name_set>, he_dup X<he_dup>, hek_dup X<hek_dup>, hv_common X<hv_common>, hv_common_key_len X<hv_common_key_len>, hv_delayfree_ent X<hv_delayfree_ent>, hv_eiter_p X<hv_eiter_p>, hv_eiter_set X<hv_eiter_set>, hv_free_ent X<hv_free_ent>, hv_ksplit X<hv_ksplit>, hv_name_set X<hv_name_set>, hv_placeholders_get X<hv_placeholders_get>, hv_placeholders_set X<hv_placeholders_set>, hv_rand_set X<hv_rand_set>, hv_riter_p X<hv_riter_p>, hv_riter_set X<hv_riter_set>, ibcmp_utf8 X<ibcmp_utf8>, init_global_struct X<init_global_struct>, init_stacks X<init_stacks>, init_tm X<init_tm>, instr X<instr>, is_lvalue_sub X<is_lvalue_sub>, leave_scope X<leave_scope>, load_module_nocontext X<load_module_nocontext>, magic_dump X<magic_dump>, malloc X<malloc>, markstack_grow X<markstack_grow>, mess_nocontext X<mess_nocontext>, mfree X<mfree>, mg_dup X<mg_dup>, mg_size X<mg_size>, mini_mktime X<mini_mktime>, moreswitches X<moreswitches>, mro_get_from_name X<mro_get_from_name>, mro_get_private_data X<mro_get_private_data>, mro_set_mro X<mro_set_mro>, mro_set_private_data X<mro_set_private_data>, my_atof X<my_atof>, my_atof2 X<my_atof2>, my_bcopy X<my_bcopy>, my_bzero X<my_bzero>, my_chsize X<my_chsize>, my_cxt_index X<my_cxt_index>, my_cxt_init X<my_cxt_init>, my_dirfd X<my_dirfd>, my_exit X<my_exit>, my_failure_exit X<my_failure_exit>, my_fflush_all X<my_fflush_all>, my_fork X<my_fork>, my_lstat X<my_lstat>, my_memcmp X<my_memcmp>, my_memset X<my_memset>, my_pclose X<my_pclose>, my_popen X<my_popen>, my_popen_list X<my_popen_list>, my_setenv X<my_setenv>, my_socketpair X<my_socketpair>, my_stat X<my_stat>, my_strftime X<my_strftime>, newANONATTRSUB X<newANONATTRSUB>, newANONHASH X<newANONHASH>, newANONLIST X<newANONLIST>, newANONSUB X<newANONSUB>, newATTRSUB X<newATTRSUB>, newAVREF X<newAVREF>, newCVREF X<newCVREF>, newFORM X<newFORM>, newGVREF X<newGVREF>, newGVgen X<newGVgen>, newGVgen_flags X<newGVgen_flags>, newHVREF X<newHVREF>, newHVhv X<newHVhv>, newIO X<newIO>, newMYSUB X<newMYSUB>, newPROG X<newPROG>, newRV X<newRV>, newSUB X<newSUB>, newSVREF X<newSVREF>, newSVpvf_nocontext X<newSVpvf_nocontext>, new_stackinfo X<new_stackinfo>, op_refcnt_lock X<op_refcnt_lock>, op_refcnt_unlock X<op_refcnt_unlock>, parser_dup X<parser_dup>, perl_alloc_using X<perl_alloc_using>, perl_clone_using X<perl_clone_using>, pmop_dump X<pmop_dump>, pop_scope X<pop_scope>, pregcomp X<pregcomp>, pregexec X<pregexec>, pregfree X<pregfree>, pregfree2 X<pregfree2>, printf_nocontext X<printf_nocontext>, ptr_table_fetch X<ptr_table_fetch>, ptr_table_free X<ptr_table_free>, ptr_table_new X<ptr_table_new>, ptr_table_split X<ptr_table_split>, ptr_table_store X<ptr_table_store>, push_scope X<push_scope>, re_compile X<re_compile>, re_dup_guts X<re_dup_guts>, re_intuit_start X<re_intuit_start>, re_intuit_string X<re_intuit_string>, realloc X<realloc>, reentrant_free X<reentrant_free>, reentrant_init X<reentrant_init>, reentrant_retry X<reentrant_retry>, reentrant_size X<reentrant_size>, ref X<ref>, reg_named_buff_all X<reg_named_buff_all>, reg_named_buff_exists X<reg_named_buff_exists>, reg_named_buff_fetch X<reg_named_buff_fetch>, reg_named_buff_firstkey X<reg_named_buff_firstkey>, reg_named_buff_nextkey X<reg_named_buff_nextkey>, reg_named_buff_scalar X<reg_named_buff_scalar>, regdump X<regdump>, regdupe_internal X<regdupe_internal>, regexec_flags X<regexec_flags>, regfree_internal X<regfree_internal>, reginitcolors X<reginitcolors>, regnext X<regnext>, repeatcpy X<repeatcpy>, rsignal X<rsignal>, rsignal_state X<rsignal_state>, runops_debug X<runops_debug>, runops_standard X<runops_standard>, rvpv_dup X<rvpv_dup>, safesyscalloc X<safesyscalloc>, safesysfree X<safesysfree>, safesysmalloc X<safesysmalloc>, safesysrealloc X<safesysrealloc>, save_I16 X<save_I16>, save_I32 X<save_I32>, save_I8 X<save_I8>, save_adelete X<save_adelete>, save_aelem X<save_aelem>, save_aelem_flags X<save_aelem_flags>, save_alloc X<save_alloc>, save_aptr X<save_aptr>, save_ary X<save_ary>, save_bool X<save_bool>, save_clearsv X<save_clearsv>, save_delete X<save_delete>, save_destructor X<save_destructor>, save_destructor_x X<save_destructor_x>, save_freeop X<save_freeop>, save_freepv X<save_freepv>, save_freesv X<save_freesv>, save_generic_pvref X<save_generic_pvref>, save_generic_svref X<save_generic_svref>, save_hash X<save_hash>, save_hdelete X<save_hdelete>, save_helem X<save_helem>, save_helem_flags X<save_helem_flags>, save_hints X<save_hints>, save_hptr X<save_hptr>, save_int X<save_int>, save_item X<save_item>, save_iv X<save_iv>, save_list X<save_list>, save_long X<save_long>, save_mortalizesv X<save_mortalizesv>, save_nogv X<save_nogv>, save_op X<save_op>, save_padsv_and_mortalize X<save_padsv_and_mortalize>, save_pptr X<save_pptr>, save_pushi32ptr X<save_pushi32ptr>, save_pushptr X<save_pushptr>, save_pushptrptr X<save_pushptrptr>, save_re_context X<save_re_context>, save_scalar X<save_scalar>, save_set_svflags X<save_set_svflags>, save_shared_pvref X<save_shared_pvref>, save_sptr X<save_sptr>, save_svref X<save_svref>, save_vptr X<save_vptr>, savestack_grow X<savestack_grow>, savestack_grow_cnt X<savestack_grow_cnt>, scan_num X<scan_num>, scan_vstring X<scan_vstring>, seed X<seed>, set_context X<set_context>, set_numeric_local X<set_numeric_local>, set_numeric_radix X<set_numeric_radix>, set_numeric_standard X<set_numeric_standard>, share_hek X<share_hek>, si_dup X<si_dup>, ss_dup X<ss_dup>, stack_grow X<stack_grow>, start_subparse X<start_subparse>, str_to_version X<str_to_version>, sv_2iv X<sv_2iv>, sv_2pv X<sv_2pv>, sv_2uv X<sv_2uv>, sv_catpvf_mg_nocontext X<sv_catpvf_mg_nocontext>, sv_catpvf_nocontext X<sv_catpvf_nocontext>, sv_dup X<sv_dup>, sv_dup_inc X<sv_dup_inc>, sv_peek X<sv_peek>, sv_pvn_nomg X<sv_pvn_nomg>, sv_setpvf_mg_nocontext X<sv_setpvf_mg_nocontext>, sv_setpvf_nocontext X<sv_setpvf_nocontext>, sys_init X<sys_init>, sys_init3 X<sys_init3>, sys_intern_clear X<sys_intern_clear>, sys_intern_dup X<sys_intern_dup>, sys_intern_init X<sys_intern_init>, sys_term X<sys_term>, taint_env X<taint_env>, taint_proper X<taint_proper>, unlnk X<unlnk>, unsharepvn X<unsharepvn>, utf16_to_utf8 X<utf16_to_utf8>, utf16_to_utf8_reversed X<utf16_to_utf8_reversed>, uvuni_to_utf8 X<uvuni_to_utf8>, vdeb X<vdeb>, vform X<vform>, vload_module X<vload_module>, vnewSVpvf X<vnewSVpvf>, vwarner X<vwarner>, warn_nocontext X<warn_nocontext>, warner X<warner>, warner_nocontext X<warner_nocontext>, whichsig X<whichsig>, whichsig_pv X<whichsig_pv>, whichsig_pvn X<whichsig_pvn>, whichsig_sv X<whichsig_sv> =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal> Perl functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION X<internal Perl functions> X<interpreter functions> =item Compile-time scope hooks BhkENTRY X<BhkENTRY>, BhkFLAGS X<BhkFLAGS>, CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS X<CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS> =item Custom Operators core_prototype X<core_prototype> =item CV Manipulation Functions docatch X<docatch> =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE CvWEAKOUTSIDE X<CvWEAKOUTSIDE> =item Embedding Functions cv_dump X<cv_dump>, cv_forget_slab X<cv_forget_slab>, do_dump_pad X<do_dump_pad>, pad_alloc_name X<pad_alloc_name>, pad_block_start X<pad_block_start>, pad_check_dup X<pad_check_dup>, pad_findlex X<pad_findlex>, pad_fixup_inner_anons X<pad_fixup_inner_anons>, pad_free X<pad_free>, pad_leavemy X<pad_leavemy>, padlist_dup X<padlist_dup>, padname_dup X<padname_dup>, padnamelist_dup X<padnamelist_dup>, pad_push X<pad_push>, pad_reset X<pad_reset>, pad_swipe X<pad_swipe> =item GV Functions gv_try_downgrade X<gv_try_downgrade> =item Hash Manipulation Functions hv_ename_add X<hv_ename_add>, hv_ename_delete X<hv_ename_delete>, refcounted_he_chain_2hv X<refcounted_he_chain_2hv>, refcounted_he_fetch_pv X<refcounted_he_fetch_pv>, refcounted_he_fetch_pvn X<refcounted_he_fetch_pvn>, refcounted_he_fetch_pvs X<refcounted_he_fetch_pvs>, refcounted_he_fetch_sv X<refcounted_he_fetch_sv>, refcounted_he_free X<refcounted_he_free>, refcounted_he_inc X<refcounted_he_inc>, refcounted_he_new_pv X<refcounted_he_new_pv>, refcounted_he_new_pvn X<refcounted_he_new_pvn>, refcounted_he_new_pvs X<refcounted_he_new_pvs>, refcounted_he_new_sv X<refcounted_he_new_sv> =item IO Functions start_glob X<start_glob> =item Lexer interface validate_proto X<validate_proto> =item Magical Functions magic_clearhint X<magic_clearhint>, magic_clearhints X<magic_clearhints>, magic_methcall X<magic_methcall>, magic_sethint X<magic_sethint>, mg_localize X<mg_localize> =item Miscellaneous Functions free_c_backtrace X<free_c_backtrace>, get_c_backtrace X<get_c_backtrace> =item MRO Functions mro_get_linear_isa_dfs X<mro_get_linear_isa_dfs>, mro_isa_changed_in X<mro_isa_changed_in>, mro_package_moved X<mro_package_moved> =item Optree Manipulation Functions finalize_optree X<finalize_optree> =item Pad Data Structures CX_CURPAD_SAVE X<CX_CURPAD_SAVE>, CX_CURPAD_SV X<CX_CURPAD_SV>, PAD_BASE_SV X<PAD_BASE_SV>, PAD_CLONE_VARS X<PAD_CLONE_VARS>, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS X<PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set>, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH X<PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH>, PAD_COMPNAME_PV X<PAD_COMPNAME_PV>, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE X<PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE>, PadnameIsOUR X<PadnameIsOUR>, PadnameIsSTATE X<PadnameIsSTATE>, PadnameOURSTASH X<PadnameOURSTASH>, PadnameOUTER X<PadnameOUTER>, PadnameTYPE X<PadnameTYPE>, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL X<PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL X<PAD_SAVE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD X<PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD>, PAD_SETSV X<PAD_SETSV>, PAD_SET_CUR X<PAD_SET_CUR>, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE X<PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE>, PAD_SV X<PAD_SV>, PAD_SVl X<PAD_SVl>, SAVECLEARSV X<SAVECLEARSV>, SAVECOMPPAD X<SAVECOMPPAD>, SAVEPADSV X<SAVEPADSV> =item Per-Interpreter Variables PL_DBsingle X<PL_DBsingle>, PL_DBsub X<PL_DBsub>, PL_DBtrace X<PL_DBtrace>, PL_dowarn X<PL_dowarn>, PL_last_in_gv X<PL_last_in_gv>, PL_ofsgv X<PL_ofsgv>, PL_rs X<PL_rs> =item Stack Manipulation Macros djSP X<djSP>, LVRET X<LVRET> =item SV-Body Allocation sv_2num X<sv_2num> =item SV Manipulation Functions sv_add_arena X<sv_add_arena>, sv_clean_all X<sv_clean_all>, sv_clean_objs X<sv_clean_objs>, sv_free_arenas X<sv_free_arenas>, SvTHINKFIRST X<SvTHINKFIRST> =item Unicode Support find_uninit_var X<find_uninit_var>, report_uninit X<report_uninit> =item Undocumented functions PerlIO_restore_errno X<PerlIO_restore_errno>, PerlIO_save_errno X<PerlIO_save_errno>, Slab_Alloc X<Slab_Alloc>, Slab_Free X<Slab_Free>, Slab_to_ro X<Slab_to_ro>, Slab_to_rw X<Slab_to_rw>, _add_range_to_invlist X<_add_range_to_invlist>, _byte_dump_string X<_byte_dump_string>, _core_swash_init X<_core_swash_init>, _get_regclass_nonbitmap_data X<_get_regclass_nonbitmap_data>, _get_swash_invlist X<_get_swash_invlist>, _invlistEQ X<_invlistEQ>, _invlist_array_init X<_invlist_array_init>, _invlist_contains_cp X<_invlist_contains_cp>, _invlist_dump X<_invlist_dump>, _invlist_intersection X<_invlist_intersection>, _invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd X<_invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd>, _invlist_invert X<_invlist_invert>, _invlist_len X<_invlist_len>, _invlist_populate_swatch X<_invlist_populate_swatch>, _invlist_search X<_invlist_search>, _invlist_subtract X<_invlist_subtract>, _invlist_union X<_invlist_union>, _invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd X<_invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd>, _is_grapheme X<_is_grapheme>, _load_PL_utf8_foldclosures X<_load_PL_utf8_foldclosures>, _mem_collxfrm X<_mem_collxfrm>, _new_invlist X<_new_invlist>, _new_invlist_C_array X<_new_invlist_C_array>, _setup_canned_invlist X<_setup_canned_invlist>, _swash_inversion_hash X<_swash_inversion_hash>, _swash_to_invlist X<_swash_to_invlist>, _to_fold_latin1 X<_to_fold_latin1>, _to_upper_title_latin1 X<_to_upper_title_latin1>, _warn_problematic_locale X<_warn_problematic_locale>, abort_execution X<abort_execution>, add_cp_to_invlist X<add_cp_to_invlist>, alloc_LOGOP X<alloc_LOGOP>, alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT X<alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT>, allocmy X<allocmy>, amagic_is_enabled X<amagic_is_enabled>, append_utf8_from_native_byte X<append_utf8_from_native_byte>, apply X<apply>, av_extend_guts X<av_extend_guts>, av_reify X<av_reify>, bind_match X<bind_match>, boot_core_PerlIO X<boot_core_PerlIO>, boot_core_UNIVERSAL X<boot_core_UNIVERSAL>, boot_core_mro X<boot_core_mro>, cando X<cando>, check_utf8_print X<check_utf8_print>, ck_anoncode X<ck_anoncode>, ck_backtick X<ck_backtick>, ck_bitop X<ck_bitop>, ck_cmp X<ck_cmp>, ck_concat X<ck_concat>, ck_defined X<ck_defined>, ck_delete X<ck_delete>, ck_each X<ck_each>, ck_entersub_args_core X<ck_entersub_args_core>, ck_eof X<ck_eof>, ck_eval X<ck_eval>, ck_exec X<ck_exec>, ck_exists X<ck_exists>, ck_ftst X<ck_ftst>, ck_fun X<ck_fun>, ck_glob X<ck_glob>, ck_grep X<ck_grep>, ck_index X<ck_index>, ck_join X<ck_join>, ck_length X<ck_length>, ck_lfun X<ck_lfun>, ck_listiob X<ck_listiob>, ck_match X<ck_match>, ck_method X<ck_method>, ck_null X<ck_null>, ck_open X<ck_open>, ck_prototype X<ck_prototype>, ck_readline X<ck_readline>, ck_refassign X<ck_refassign>, ck_repeat X<ck_repeat>, ck_require X<ck_require>, ck_return X<ck_return>, ck_rfun X<ck_rfun>, ck_rvconst X<ck_rvconst>, ck_sassign X<ck_sassign>, ck_select X<ck_select>, ck_shift X<ck_shift>, ck_smartmatch X<ck_smartmatch>, ck_sort X<ck_sort>, ck_spair X<ck_spair>, ck_split X<ck_split>, ck_stringify X<ck_stringify>, ck_subr X<ck_subr>, ck_substr X<ck_substr>, ck_svconst X<ck_svconst>, ck_tell X<ck_tell>, ck_trunc X<ck_trunc>, closest_cop X<closest_cop>, compute_EXACTish X<compute_EXACTish>, coresub_op X<coresub_op>, create_eval_scope X<create_eval_scope>, croak_caller X<croak_caller>, croak_no_mem X<croak_no_mem>, croak_popstack X<croak_popstack>, current_re_engine X<current_re_engine>, custom_op_get_field X<custom_op_get_field>, cv_ckproto_len_flags X<cv_ckproto_len_flags>, cv_clone_into X<cv_clone_into>, cv_const_sv_or_av X<cv_const_sv_or_av>, cv_undef_flags X<cv_undef_flags>, cvgv_from_hek X<cvgv_from_hek>, cvgv_set X<cvgv_set>, cvstash_set X<cvstash_set>, deb_stack_all X<deb_stack_all>, defelem_target X<defelem_target>, delete_eval_scope X<delete_eval_scope>, delimcpy_no_escape X<delimcpy_no_escape>, die_unwind X<die_unwind>, do_aexec X<do_aexec>, do_aexec5 X<do_aexec5>, do_eof X<do_eof>, do_exec X<do_exec>, do_exec3 X<do_exec3>, do_execfree X<do_execfree>, do_ipcctl X<do_ipcctl>, do_ipcget X<do_ipcget>, do_msgrcv X<do_msgrcv>, do_msgsnd X<do_msgsnd>, do_ncmp X<do_ncmp>, do_open6 X<do_open6>, do_open_raw X<do_open_raw>, do_print X<do_print>, do_readline X<do_readline>, do_seek X<do_seek>, do_semop X<do_semop>, do_shmio X<do_shmio>, do_sysseek X<do_sysseek>, do_tell X<do_tell>, do_trans X<do_trans>, do_vecget X<do_vecget>, do_vecset X<do_vecset>, do_vop X<do_vop>, does_utf8_overflow X<does_utf8_overflow>, dofile X<dofile>, drand48_init_r X<drand48_init_r>, drand48_r X<drand48_r>, dtrace_probe_call X<dtrace_probe_call>, dtrace_probe_load X<dtrace_probe_load>, dtrace_probe_op X<dtrace_probe_op>, dtrace_probe_phase X<dtrace_probe_phase>, dump_all_perl X<dump_all_perl>, dump_packsubs_perl X<dump_packsubs_perl>, dump_sub_perl X<dump_sub_perl>, dump_sv_child X<dump_sv_child>, emulate_cop_io X<emulate_cop_io>, feature_is_enabled X<feature_is_enabled>, find_lexical_cv X<find_lexical_cv>, find_runcv_where X<find_runcv_where>, find_script X<find_script>, form_short_octal_warning X<form_short_octal_warning>, free_tied_hv_pool X<free_tied_hv_pool>, get_db_sub X<get_db_sub>, get_debug_opts X<get_debug_opts>, get_hash_seed X<get_hash_seed>, get_invlist_iter_addr X<get_invlist_iter_addr>, get_invlist_offset_addr X<get_invlist_offset_addr>, get_invlist_previous_index_addr X<get_invlist_previous_index_addr>, get_no_modify X<get_no_modify>, get_opargs X<get_opargs>, get_re_arg X<get_re_arg>, getenv_len X<getenv_len>, grok_atoUV X<grok_atoUV>, grok_bslash_c X<grok_bslash_c>, grok_bslash_o X<grok_bslash_o>, grok_bslash_x X<grok_bslash_x>, gv_fetchmeth_internal X<gv_fetchmeth_internal>, gv_override X<gv_override>, gv_setref X<gv_setref>, gv_stashpvn_internal X<gv_stashpvn_internal>, gv_stashsvpvn_cached X<gv_stashsvpvn_cached>, handle_named_backref X<handle_named_backref>, hfree_next_entry X<hfree_next_entry>, hv_backreferences_p X<hv_backreferences_p>, hv_kill_backrefs X<hv_kill_backrefs>, hv_placeholders_p X<hv_placeholders_p>, hv_undef_flags X<hv_undef_flags>, init_argv_symbols X<init_argv_symbols>, init_constants X<init_constants>, init_dbargs X<init_dbargs>, init_debugger X<init_debugger>, invert X<invert>, invlist_array X<invlist_array>, invlist_clear X<invlist_clear>, invlist_clone X<invlist_clone>, invlist_highest X<invlist_highest>, invlist_is_iterating X<invlist_is_iterating>, invlist_iterfinish X<invlist_iterfinish>, invlist_iterinit X<invlist_iterinit>, invlist_max X<invlist_max>, invlist_previous_index X<invlist_previous_index>, invlist_set_len X<invlist_set_len>, invlist_set_previous_index X<invlist_set_previous_index>, invlist_trim X<invlist_trim>, io_close X<io_close>, isFF_OVERLONG X<isFF_OVERLONG>, isFOO_lc X<isFOO_lc>, is_utf8_common X<is_utf8_common>, is_utf8_common_with_len X<is_utf8_common_with_len>, is_utf8_cp_above_31_bits X<is_utf8_cp_above_31_bits>, is_utf8_overlong_given_start_byte_ok X<is_utf8_overlong_given_start_byte_ok>, isinfnansv X<isinfnansv>, jmaybe X<jmaybe>, keyword X<keyword>, keyword_plugin_standard X<keyword_plugin_standard>, list X<list>, localize X<localize>, magic_clear_all_env X<magic_clear_all_env>, magic_cleararylen_p X<magic_cleararylen_p>, magic_clearenv X<magic_clearenv>, magic_clearisa X<magic_clearisa>, magic_clearpack X<magic_clearpack>, magic_clearsig X<magic_clearsig>, magic_copycallchecker X<magic_copycallchecker>, magic_existspack X<magic_existspack>, magic_freearylen_p X<magic_freearylen_p>, magic_freeovrld X<magic_freeovrld>, magic_get X<magic_get>, magic_getarylen X<magic_getarylen>, magic_getdebugvar X<magic_getdebugvar>, magic_getdefelem X<magic_getdefelem>, magic_getnkeys X<magic_getnkeys>, magic_getpack X<magic_getpack>, magic_getpos X<magic_getpos>, magic_getsig X<magic_getsig>, magic_getsubstr X<magic_getsubstr>, magic_gettaint X<magic_gettaint>, magic_getuvar X<magic_getuvar>, magic_getvec X<magic_getvec>, magic_killbackrefs X<magic_killbackrefs>, magic_nextpack X<magic_nextpack>, magic_regdata_cnt X<magic_regdata_cnt>, magic_regdatum_get X<magic_regdatum_get>, magic_regdatum_set X<magic_regdatum_set>, magic_scalarpack X<magic_scalarpack>, magic_set X<magic_set>, magic_set_all_env X<magic_set_all_env>, magic_setarylen X<magic_setarylen>, magic_setcollxfrm X<magic_setcollxfrm>, magic_setdbline X<magic_setdbline>, magic_setdebugvar X<magic_setdebugvar>, magic_setdefelem X<magic_setdefelem>, magic_setenv X<magic_setenv>, magic_setisa X<magic_setisa>, magic_setlvref X<magic_setlvref>, magic_setmglob X<magic_setmglob>, magic_setnkeys X<magic_setnkeys>, magic_setpack X<magic_setpack>, magic_setpos X<magic_setpos>, magic_setregexp X<magic_setregexp>, magic_setsig X<magic_setsig>, magic_setsubstr X<magic_setsubstr>, magic_settaint X<magic_settaint>, magic_setutf8 X<magic_setutf8>, magic_setuvar X<magic_setuvar>, magic_setvec X<magic_setvec>, magic_sizepack X<magic_sizepack>, magic_wipepack X<magic_wipepack>, malloc_good_size X<malloc_good_size>, malloced_size X<malloced_size>, mem_collxfrm X<mem_collxfrm>, mem_log_alloc X<mem_log_alloc>, mem_log_free X<mem_log_free>, mem_log_realloc X<mem_log_realloc>, mg_find_mglob X<mg_find_mglob>, mode_from_discipline X<mode_from_discipline>, more_bodies X<more_bodies>, mro_meta_dup X<mro_meta_dup>, mro_meta_init X<mro_meta_init>, multideref_stringify X<multideref_stringify>, my_attrs X<my_attrs>, my_clearenv X<my_clearenv>, my_lstat_flags X<my_lstat_flags>, my_stat_flags X<my_stat_flags>, my_unexec X<my_unexec>, newATTRSUB_x X<newATTRSUB_x>, newGP X<newGP>, newMETHOP_internal X<newMETHOP_internal>, newSTUB X<newSTUB>, newSVavdefelem X<newSVavdefelem>, newXS_deffile X<newXS_deffile>, newXS_len_flags X<newXS_len_flags>, new_warnings_bitfield X<new_warnings_bitfield>, nextargv X<nextargv>, noperl_die X<noperl_die>, notify_parser_that_changed_to_utf8 X<notify_parser_that_changed_to_utf8>, oopsAV X<oopsAV>, oopsHV X<oopsHV>, op_clear X<op_clear>, op_integerize X<op_integerize>, op_lvalue_flags X<op_lvalue_flags>, op_refcnt_dec X<op_refcnt_dec>, op_refcnt_inc X<op_refcnt_inc>, op_relocate_sv X<op_relocate_sv>, op_std_init X<op_std_init>, op_unscope X<op_unscope>, opmethod_stash X<opmethod_stash>, opslab_force_free X<opslab_force_free>, opslab_free X<opslab_free>, opslab_free_nopad X<opslab_free_nopad>, package X<package>, package_version X<package_version>, pad_add_weakref X<pad_add_weakref>, padlist_store X<padlist_store>, padname_free X<padname_free>, padnamelist_free X<padnamelist_free>, parse_unicode_opts X<parse_unicode_opts>, parser_free X<parser_free>, parser_free_nexttoke_ops X<parser_free_nexttoke_ops>, path_is_searchable X<path_is_searchable>, peep X<peep>, pmruntime X<pmruntime>, populate_isa X<populate_isa>, ptr_hash X<ptr_hash>, qerror X<qerror>, re_exec_indentf X<re_exec_indentf>, re_indentf X<re_indentf>, re_op_compile X<re_op_compile>, re_printf X<re_printf>, reg_named_buff X<reg_named_buff>, reg_named_buff_iter X<reg_named_buff_iter>, reg_numbered_buff_fetch X<reg_numbered_buff_fetch>, reg_numbered_buff_length X<reg_numbered_buff_length>, reg_numbered_buff_store X<reg_numbered_buff_store>, reg_qr_package X<reg_qr_package>, reg_skipcomment X<reg_skipcomment>, reg_temp_copy X<reg_temp_copy>, regcurly X<regcurly>, regprop X<regprop>, report_evil_fh X<report_evil_fh>, report_redefined_cv X<report_redefined_cv>, report_wrongway_fh X<report_wrongway_fh>, rpeep X<rpeep>, rsignal_restore X<rsignal_restore>, rsignal_save X<rsignal_save>, rxres_save X<rxres_save>, same_dirent X<same_dirent>, save_strlen X<save_strlen>, sawparens X<sawparens>, scalar X<scalar>, scalarvoid X<scalarvoid>, set_caret_X X<set_caret_X>, set_padlist X<set_padlist>, should_warn_nl X<should_warn_nl>, sighandler X<sighandler>, softref2xv X<softref2xv>, ssc_add_range X<ssc_add_range>, ssc_clear_locale X<ssc_clear_locale>, ssc_cp_and X<ssc_cp_and>, ssc_intersection X<ssc_intersection>, ssc_union X<ssc_union>, sub_crush_depth X<sub_crush_depth>, sv_add_backref X<sv_add_backref>, sv_buf_to_ro X<sv_buf_to_ro>, sv_del_backref X<sv_del_backref>, sv_free2 X<sv_free2>, sv_kill_backrefs X<sv_kill_backrefs>, sv_len_utf8_nomg X<sv_len_utf8_nomg>, sv_magicext_mglob X<sv_magicext_mglob>, sv_mortalcopy_flags X<sv_mortalcopy_flags>, sv_only_taint_gmagic X<sv_only_taint_gmagic>, sv_or_pv_pos_u2b X<sv_or_pv_pos_u2b>, sv_resetpvn X<sv_resetpvn>, sv_sethek X<sv_sethek>, sv_setsv_cow X<sv_setsv_cow>, sv_unglob X<sv_unglob>, swash_fetch X<swash_fetch>, swash_init X<swash_init>, tied_method X<tied_method>, tmps_grow_p X<tmps_grow_p>, translate_substr_offsets X<translate_substr_offsets>, try_amagic_bin X<try_amagic_bin>, try_amagic_un X<try_amagic_un>, unshare_hek X<unshare_hek>, utilize X<utilize>, varname X<varname>, vivify_defelem X<vivify_defelem>, vivify_ref X<vivify_ref>, wait4pid X<wait4pid>, was_lvalue_sub X<was_lvalue_sub>, watch X<watch>, win32_croak_not_implemented X<win32_croak_not_implemented>, write_to_stderr X<write_to_stderr>, xs_boot_epilog X<xs_boot_epilog>, xs_handshake X<xs_handshake>, yyerror X<yyerror>, yyerror_pv X<yyerror_pv>, yyerror_pvn X<yyerror_pvn>, yylex X<yylex>, yyparse X<yyparse>, yyquit X<yyquit>, yyunlex X<yyunlex> =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item History and Background =item Basic Structure =item Layers vs Disciplines =item Data Structures =item Functions and Attributes =item Per-instance Data =item Layers in action. =item Per-instance flag bits PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS =item Methods in Detail fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt =item Utilities =item Implementing PerlIO Layers C implementations, Perl implementations =item Core Layers "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" =item Extension Layers ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" =back =item TODO =back =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>, B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>, B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>, B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>, B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>, B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)> =over 4 =item Co-existence with stdio B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)> =item "Fast gets" Functions B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)> =item Other Functions PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) =back =back =head2 perlhack - How to hack on Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPER QUICK PATCH GUIDE Check out the source repository, Ensure you're following the latest advice, Make your change, Test your change, Commit your change, Send your change to perlbug, Thank you, Next time =item BUG REPORTING =item PERL 5 PORTERS =over 4 =item perl-changes mailing list =item #p5p on IRC =back =item GETTING THE PERL SOURCE =over 4 =item Read access via Git =item Read access via the web =item Read access via rsync =item Write access via git =back =item PATCHING PERL =over 4 =item Submitting patches =item Getting your patch accepted Why, What, How =item Patching a core module =item Updating perldelta =item What makes for a good patch? =back =item TESTING F<t/base>, F<t/comp> and F<t/opbasic>, F<t/cmd>, F<t/run>, F<t/io> and F<t/op>, Everything else =over 4 =item Special C<make test> targets test_porting, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind, test_harness, test-notty test_notty =item Parallel tests =item Running tests by hand =item Using F<t/harness> for testing -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST, PERL_TEST_Net_Ping, PERL_TEST_NOVREXX, PERL_TEST_NUMCONVERTS, PERL_TEST_MEMORY =item Performance testing =back =item MORE READING FOR GUTS HACKERS L<perlsource>, L<perlinterp>, L<perlhacktut>, L<perlhacktips>, L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod> =item CPAN TESTERS AND PERL SMOKERS =item WHAT NEXT? =over 4 =item "The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began." =item Metaphoric Quotations =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsource - A guide to the Perl source tree =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND =over 4 =item C code =item Core modules F<lib/>, F<ext/>, F<dist/>, F<cpan/> =item Tests Module tests, F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/mro/>, F<t/op/>, F<t/opbasic/>, F<t/re/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/porting/>, F<t/lib/> =item Documentation =item Hacking tools and documentation F<check*>, F<Maintainers>, F<Maintainers.pl>, and F<Maintainers.pm>, F<podtidy> =item Build system =item F<AUTHORS> =item F<MANIFEST> =back =back =head2 perlinterp - An overview of the Perl interpreter =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item ELEMENTS OF THE INTERPRETER =over 4 =item Startup =item Parsing =item Optimization =item Running =item Exception handing =item INTERNAL VARIABLE TYPES =back =item OP TREES =item STACKS =over 4 =item Argument stack =item Mark stack =item Save stack =back =item MILLIONS OF MACROS =item FURTHER READING =back =head2 perlhacktut - Walk through the creation of a simple C code patch =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE PATCH =over 4 =item Writing the patch =item Testing the patch =item Documenting the patch =item Submit =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhacktips - Tips for Perl core C code hacking =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item COMMON PROBLEMS =over 4 =item Perl environment problems =item Portability problems =item Problematic System Interfaces =item Security problems =back =item DEBUGGING =over 4 =item Poking at Perl =item Using a source-level debugger run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', ptype, print =item gdb macro support =item Dumping Perl Data Structures =item Using gdb to look at specific parts of a program =item Using gdb to look at what the parser/lexer are doing =back =item SOURCE CODE STATIC ANALYSIS =over 4 =item lint =item Coverity =item HP-UX cadvise (Code Advisor) =item cpd (cut-and-paste detector) =item gcc warnings =item Warnings of other C compilers =back =item MEMORY DEBUGGERS =over 4 =item valgrind =item AddressSanitizer -Dcc=clang, -Accflags=-faddress-sanitizer, -Aldflags=-faddress-sanitizer, -Alddlflags=-shared\ -faddress-sanitizer =back =item PROFILING =over 4 =item Gprof Profiling -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z =item GCC gcov Profiling =back =item MISCELLANEOUS TRICKS =over 4 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL =item PERL_MEM_LOG =item DDD over gdb =item C backtrace Linux, OS X, get_c_backtrace, free_c_backtrace, get_c_backtrace_dump, dump_c_backtrace =item Poison =item Read-only optrees =item When is a bool not a bool? =item The .i Targets =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlpolicy - Various and sundry policies and commitments related to the Perl core =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item GOVERNANCE =over 4 =item Perl 5 Porters =back =item MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT =item BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY AND DEPRECATION =over 4 =item Terminology experimental, deprecated, discouraged, removed =back =item MAINTENANCE BRANCHES =over 4 =item Getting changes into a maint branch =back =item CONTRIBUTED MODULES =over 4 =item A Social Contract about Artistic Control =back =item DOCUMENTATION =item STANDARDS OF CONDUCT =item CREDITS =back =head2 perlgit - Detailed information about git and the Perl repository =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item CLONING THE REPOSITORY =item WORKING WITH THE REPOSITORY =over 4 =item Finding out your status =item Patch workflow =item Committing your changes =item Sending patch emails =item A note on derived files =item Cleaning a working directory =item Bisecting =item Topic branches and rewriting history =item Grafts =back =item WRITE ACCESS TO THE GIT REPOSITORY =over 4 =item Accepting a patch =item Committing to blead =item On merging and rebasing =item Committing to maintenance versions =item Merging from a branch via GitHub =item Using a smoke-me branch to test changes =item A note on camel and dromedary =back =back =head2 perlbook - Books about and related to Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The most popular books I<Programming Perl> (the "Camel Book"):, I<The Perl Cookbook> (the "Ram Book"):, I<Learning Perl> (the "Llama Book"), I<Intermediate Perl> (the "Alpaca Book") =item References I<Perl 5 Pocket Reference>, I<Perl Debugger Pocket Reference>, I<Regular Expression Pocket Reference> =item Tutorials I<Beginning Perl>, I<Learning Perl> (the "Llama Book"), I<Intermediate Perl> (the "Alpaca Book"), I<Mastering Perl>, I<Effective Perl Programming> =item Task-Oriented I<Writing Perl Modules for CPAN>, I<The Perl Cookbook>, I<Automating System Administration with Perl>, I<Real World SQL Server Administration with Perl> =item Special Topics I<Regular Expressions Cookbook>, I<Programming the Perl DBI>, I<Perl Best Practices>, I<Higher-Order Perl>, I<Mastering Regular Expressions>, I<Network Programming with Perl>, I<Perl Template Toolkit>, I<Object Oriented Perl>, I<Data Munging with Perl>, I<Mastering Perl/Tk>, I<Extending and Embedding Perl>, I<Pro Perl Debugging> =item Free (as in beer) books =item Other interesting, non-Perl books I<Programming Pearls>, I<More Programming Pearls> =item A note on freshness =item Get your book listed =back =back =head2 perlcommunity - a brief overview of the Perl community =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Where to Find the Community =item Mailing Lists and Newsgroups =item IRC =item Websites L<http://perl.com/>, L<http://blogs.perl.org/>, L<http://perlsphere.net/>, L<http://perlweekly.com/>, L<http://use.perl.org/>, L<http://www.perlmonks.org/>, L<http://stackoverflow.com/>, L<http://prepan.org/> =item User Groups =item Workshops =item Hackathons =item Conventions =item Calendar of Perl Events =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-h>, B<-D>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-U>, B<-F>, B<-f> I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-a> I<perlapifunc>, B<-v> I<perlvar>, B<-T>, B<-d> I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>, B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>, B<-L> I<language_code>, B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName|URL>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>, B<-V> =item SECURITY =item ENVIRONMENT =item CHANGES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item INTRODUCTION =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN =over 4 =item PUMPKIN? =back =item THE RECORDS =over 4 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES =back =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS =back =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.26.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2018-12015] Directory traversal in module Archive::Tar =item [CVE-2018-18311] Integer overflow leading to buffer overflow and segmentation fault =item [CVE-2018-18312] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c) =item [CVE-2018-18313] Heap-buffer-overflow read in S_grok_bslash_N (regcomp.c) =item [CVE-2018-18314] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item Give Thanks =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5263delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.26.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2018-12015] Directory traversal in module Archive::Tar =item [CVE-2018-18311] Integer overflow leading to buffer overflow and segmentation fault =item [CVE-2018-18312] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c) =item [CVE-2018-18313] Heap-buffer-overflow read in S_grok_bslash_N (regcomp.c) =item [CVE-2018-18314] Heap-buffer-overflow write in S_regatom (regcomp.c) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item Give Thanks =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5280delta - what is new for perl v5.28.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode 10.0 is supported =item L<C<delete>|perlfunc/delete EXPR> on key/value hash slices =item Experimentally, there are now alphabetic synonyms for some regular expression assertions =item Mixed Unicode scripts are now detectable =item In-place editing with C<perl -i> is now safer =item Initialisation of aggregate state variables =item Full-size inode numbers =item The C<sprintf> C<%j> format size modifier is now available with pre-C99 compilers =item Close-on-exec flag set atomically =item String- and number-specific bitwise ops are no longer experimental =item Locales are now thread-safe on systems that support them =item New read-only predefined variable C<${^SAFE_LOCALES}> =back =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2017-12837] Heap buffer overflow in regular expression compiler =item [CVE-2017-12883] Buffer over-read in regular expression parser =item [CVE-2017-12814] C<$ENV{$key}> stack buffer overflow on Windows =item Default Hash Function Change =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Subroutine attribute and signature order =item Comma-less variable lists in formats are no longer allowed =item The C<:locked> and C<:unique> attributes have been removed =item C<\N{}> with nothing between the braces is now illegal =item Opening the same symbol as both a file and directory handle is no longer allowed =item Use of bare C<< << >> to mean C<< <<"" >> is no longer allowed =item Setting $/ to a reference to a non-positive integer no longer allowed =item Unicode code points with values exceeding C<IV_MAX> are now fatal =item The C<B::OP::terse> method has been removed =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods is no longer allowed =item Use of strings with code points over 0xFF is not allowed for bitwise string operators =item Setting C<${^ENCODING}> to a defined value is now illegal =item Backslash no longer escapes colon in PATH for the C<-S> switch =item the -DH (DEBUG_H) misfeature has been removed =item Yada-yada is now strictly a statement =item Sort algorithm can no longer be specified =item Over-radix digits in floating point literals =item Return type of C<unpackstring()> =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item Use of L<C<vec>|perlfunc/vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS> on strings with code points above 0xFF is deprecated =item Some uses of unescaped C<"{"> in regexes are no longer fatal =item Use of unescaped C<"{"> immediately after a C<"("> in regular expression patterns is deprecated =item Assignment to C<$[> will be fatal in Perl 5.30 =item hostname() won't accept arguments in Perl 5.32 =item Module removals B::Debug, L<Locale::Codes> and its associated Country, Currency and Language modules =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Removal of use vars =item Use of DynaLoader changed to XSLoader in many modules =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation L<perldiag/Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex mE<sol>%sE<sol>>, "Use of state $_ is experimental" in L<perldiag> =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item L<perlbug> =back =item Configuration and Compilation C89 requirement, New probes, HAS_BUILTIN_ADD_OVERFLOW, HAS_BUILTIN_MUL_OVERFLOW, HAS_BUILTIN_SUB_OVERFLOW, HAS_THREAD_SAFE_NL_LANGINFO_L, HAS_LOCALECONV_L, HAS_MBRLEN, HAS_MBRTOWC, HAS_MEMRCHR, HAS_NANOSLEEP, HAS_STRNLEN, HAS_STRTOLD_L, I_WCHAR =item Testing =item Packaging =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Discontinued Platforms PowerUX / Power MAX OS =item Platform-Specific Notes CentOS, Cygwin, Darwin, FreeBSD, VMS, Windows =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item Give Thanks =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5262delta - what is new for perl v5.26.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2018-6797] heap-buffer-overflow (WRITE of size 1) in S_regatom (regcomp.c) =item [CVE-2018-6798] Heap-buffer-overflow in Perl__byte_dump_string (utf8.c) =item [CVE-2018-6913] heap-buffer-overflow in S_pack_rec =item Assertion failure in Perl__core_swash_init (utf8.c) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes Windows =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item Give Thanks =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5261delta - what is new for perl v5.26.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2017-12837] Heap buffer overflow in regular expression compiler =item [CVE-2017-12883] Buffer over-read in regular expression parser =item [CVE-2017-12814] C<$ENV{$key}> stack buffer overflow on Windows =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes FreeBSD, Windows =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item Give Thanks =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Notice C<"."> no longer in C<@INC>, C<do> may now warn, In regular expression patterns, a literal left brace C<"{"> should be escaped =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental =item Indented Here-documents =item New regular expression modifier C</xx> =item C<@{^CAPTURE}>, C<%{^CAPTURE}>, and C<%{^CAPTURE_ALL}> =item Declaring a reference to a variable =item Unicode 9.0 is now supported =item Use of C<\p{I<script>}> uses the improved Script_Extensions property =item Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms that support it =item Better locale collation of strings containing embedded C<NUL> characters =item C<CORE> subroutines for hash and array functions callable via reference =item New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds =back =item Security =over 4 =item Removal of the current directory (C<".">) from C<@INC> F<Configure -Udefault_inc_excludes_dot>, C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC>, A new deprecation warning issued by C<do>, Script authors, Installing and using CPAN modules, Module Authors =item Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH =item New C<-Di> switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Unescaped literal C<"{"> characters in regular expression patterns are no longer permissible =item C<scalar(%hash)> return signature changed =item C<keys> returned from an lvalue subroutine =item The C<${^ENCODING}> facility has been removed =item C<POSIX::tmpnam()> has been removed =item require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal. =item Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible =item C<NBSP> is no longer permissible in C<\N{...}> =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated =item C<\cI<X>> that maps to a printable is no longer deprecated =back =item Performance Enhancements New Faster Hash Function on 64 bit builds, readline is faster =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item F<c2ph> and F<pstruct> =item F<Porting/pod_lib.pl> =item F<Porting/sync-with-cpan> =item F<perf/benchmarks> =item F<Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl> =item F<t/porting/regen.t> =item F<utils/h2xs.PL> =item L<perlbug> =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms NetBSD/VAX =item Platform-Specific Notes Darwin, EBCDIC, HP-UX, Hurd, VAX, VMS, Windows, Linux, OpenBSD 6, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Errata From Previous Releases =item Obituary =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item Give Thanks =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5244delta - what is new for perl v5.24.4 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2018-6797] heap-buffer-overflow (WRITE of size 1) in S_regatom (regcomp.c) =item [CVE-2018-6798] Heap-buffer-overflow in Perl__byte_dump_string (utf8.c) =item [CVE-2018-6913] heap-buffer-overflow in S_pack_rec =item Assertion failure in Perl__core_swash_init (utf8.c) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5243delta - what is new for perl v5.24.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item [CVE-2017-12837] Heap buffer overflow in regular expression compiler =item [CVE-2017-12883] Buffer over-read in regular expression parser =item [CVE-2017-12814] C<$ENV{$key}> stack buffer overflow on Windows =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes VMS, Windows =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5242delta - what is new for perl v5.24.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item Improved handling of '.' in @INC in base.pm =item "Escaped" colons and relative paths in PATH =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5241delta - what is new for perl v5.24.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item B<-Di> switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output =item Core modules and tools no longer search F<"."> for optional modules =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Testing =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5240delta - what is new for perl v5.24.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Postfix dereferencing is no longer experimental =item Unicode 8.0 is now supported =item perl will now croak when closing an in-place output file fails =item New C<\b{lb}> boundary in regular expressions =item C<qr/(?[ ])/> now works in UTF-8 locales =item Integer shift (C<< << >> and C<< >> >>) now more explicitly defined =item printf and sprintf now allow reordered precision arguments =item More fields provided to C<sigaction> callback with C<SA_SIGINFO> =item Hashbang redirection to Perl 6 =back =item Security =over 4 =item Set proper umask before calling C<mkstemp(3)> =item Fix out of boundary access in Win32 path handling =item Fix loss of taint in canonpath =item Avoid accessing uninitialized memory in win32 C<crypt()> =item Remove duplicate environment variables from C<environ> =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item The C<autoderef> feature has been removed =item Lexical $_ has been removed =item C<qr/\b{wb}/> is now tailored to Perl expectations =item Regular expression compilation errors =item C<qr/\N{}/> now disallowed under C<use re "strict"> =item Nested declarations are now disallowed =item The C</\C/> character class has been removed. =item C<chdir('')> no longer chdirs home =item ASCII characters in variable names must now be all visible =item An off by one issue in C<$Carp::MaxArgNums> has been fixed =item Only blanks and tabs are now allowed within C<[...]> within C<(?[...])>. =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item Using code points above the platform's C<IV_MAX> is now deprecated =item Doing bitwise operations on strings containing code points above 0xFF is deprecated =item C<sysread()>, C<syswrite()>, C<recv()> and C<send()> are deprecated on :utf8 handles =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes AmigaOS, Cygwin, EBCDIC, UTF-EBCDIC extended, EBCDIC C<cmp()> and C<sort()> fixed for UTF-EBCDIC strings, EBCDIC C<tr///> and C<y///> fixed for C<\N{}>, and C<S<use utf8>> ranges, FreeBSD, IRIX, MacOS X, Solaris, Tru64, VMS, Win32, ppc64el, floating point =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5224delta - what is new for perl v5.22.4 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item Improved handling of '.' in @INC in base.pm =item "Escaped" colons and relative paths in PATH =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5223delta - what is new for perl v5.22.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item B<-Di> switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output =item Core modules and tools no longer search F<"."> for optional modules =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Testing =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5222delta - what is new for perl v5.22.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item Fix out of boundary access in Win32 path handling =item Fix loss of taint in C<canonpath()> =item Set proper umask before calling C<mkstemp(3)> =item Avoid accessing uninitialized memory in Win32 C<crypt()> =item Remove duplicate environment variables from C<environ> =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes Darwin, OS X/Darwin, ppc64el, Tru64 =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5221delta - what is new for perl v5.22.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Bounds Checking Constructs =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes IRIX =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5220delta - what is new for perl v5.22.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item New bitwise operators =item New double-diamond operator =item New C<\b> boundaries in regular expressions =item Non-Capturing Regular Expression Flag =item C<use re 'strict'> =item Unicode 7.0 (with correction) is now supported =item S<C<use locale>> can restrict which locale categories are affected =item Perl now supports POSIX 2008 locale currency additions =item Better heuristics on older platforms for determining locale UTF-8ness =item Aliasing via reference =item C<prototype> with no arguments =item New C<:const> subroutine attribute =item C<fileno> now works on directory handles =item List form of pipe open implemented for Win32 =item Assignment to list repetition =item Infinity and NaN (not-a-number) handling improved =item Floating point parsing has been improved =item Packing infinity or not-a-number into a character is now fatal =item Experimental C Backtrace API =back =item Security =over 4 =item Perl is now compiled with C<-fstack-protector-strong> if available =item The L<Safe> module could allow outside packages to be replaced =item Perl is now always compiled with C<-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2> if available =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Subroutine signatures moved before attributes =item C<&> and C<\&> prototypes accepts only subs =item C<use encoding> is now lexical =item List slices returning empty lists =item C<\N{}> with a sequence of multiple spaces is now a fatal error =item S<C<use UNIVERSAL '...'>> is now a fatal error =item In double-quotish C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must now be a printable ASCII character =item Splitting the tokens C<(?> and C<(*> in regular expressions is now a fatal compilation error. =item C<qr/foo/x> now ignores all Unicode pattern white space =item Comment lines within S<C<(?[ ])>> are now ended only by a C<\n> =item C<(?[...])> operators now follow standard Perl precedence =item Omitting C<%> and C<@> on hash and array names is no longer permitted =item C<"$!"> text is now in English outside the scope of C<use locale> =item C<"$!"> text will be returned in UTF-8 when appropriate =item Support for C<?PATTERN?> without explicit operator has been removed =item C<defined(@array)> and C<defined(%hash)> are now fatal errors =item Using a hash or an array as a reference are now fatal errors =item Changes to the C<*> prototype =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item Setting C<${^ENCODING}> to anything but C<undef> =item Use of non-graphic characters in single-character variable names =item Inlining of C<sub () { $var }> with observable side-effects =item Use of multiple C</x> regexp modifiers =item Using a NO-BREAK space in a character alias for C<\N{...}> is now deprecated =item A literal C<"{"> should now be escaped in a pattern =item Making all warnings fatal is discouraged =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =item Diagnostic Removals =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item F<find2perl>, F<s2p> and F<a2p> removal =item L<h2ph> =item L<encguess> =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Regained Platforms IRIX and Tru64 platforms are working again, z/OS running EBCDIC Code Page 1047 =item Discontinued Platforms NeXTSTEP/OPENSTEP =item Platform-Specific Notes EBCDIC, HP-UX, Android, VMS, Win32, OpenBSD, Solaris =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Obituary =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5203delta - what is new for perl v5.20.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item L<h2ph> =back =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes Win32 =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5202delta - what is new for perl v5.20.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Regained Platforms =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Errata From Previous Releases =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5201delta - what is new for perl v5.20.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes Android, OpenBSD, Solaris, VMS, Windows =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5200delta - what is new for perl v5.20.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Experimental Subroutine signatures =item C<sub>s now take a C<prototype> attribute =item More consistent prototype parsing =item C<rand> now uses a consistent random number generator =item New slice syntax =item Experimental Postfix Dereferencing =item Unicode 6.3 now supported =item New C<\p{Unicode}> regular expression pattern property =item Better 64-bit support =item C<S<use locale>> now works on UTF-8 locales =item C<S<use locale>> now compiles on systems without locale ability =item More locale initialization fallback options =item C<-DL> runtime option now added for tracing locale setting =item B<-F> now implies B<-a> and B<-a> implies B<-n> =item $a and $b warnings exemption =back =item Security =over 4 =item Avoid possible read of free()d memory during parsing =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item C<do> can no longer be used to call subroutines =item Quote-like escape changes =item Tainting happens under more circumstances; now conforms to documentation =item C<\p{}>, C<\P{}> matching has changed for non-Unicode code points. =item C<\p{All}> has been expanded to match all possible code points =item Data::Dumper's output may change =item Locale decimal point character no longer leaks outside of S<C<use locale>> scope =item Assignments of Windows sockets error codes to $! now prefer F<errno.h> values over WSAGetLastError() values =item Functions C<PerlIO_vsprintf> and C<PerlIO_sprintf> have been removed =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item The C</\C/> character class =item Literal control characters in variable names =item References to non-integers and non-positive integers in C<$/> =item Character matching routines in POSIX =item Interpreter-based threads are now I<discouraged> =item Module removals L<CGI> and its associated CGI:: packages, L<inc::latest>, L<Package::Constants>, L<Module::Build> and its associated Module::Build:: packages =item Utility removals L<find2perl>, L<s2p>, L<a2p> =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =item Configuration and Compilation =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms Android, Bitrig, FreeMiNT, Synology =item Discontinued Platforms C<sfio>, AT&T 3b1, DG/UX, EBCDIC =item Platform-Specific Notes Cygwin, GNU/Hurd, Linux, Mac OS, MidnightBSD, Mixed-endian platforms, VMS, Win32, WinCE =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Regular Expressions =item Perl 5 Debugger and -d =item Lexical Subroutines =item Everything Else =back =item Known Problems =item Obituary =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5184delta - what is new for perl v5.18.4 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes Win32 =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5182delta - what is new for perl v5.18.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5181delta - what is new for perl v5.18.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes AIX, MidnightBSD =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5180delta - what is new for perl v5.18.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item New mechanism for experimental features =item Hash overhaul =item Upgrade to Unicode 6.2 =item Character name aliases may now include non-Latin1-range characters =item New DTrace probes =item C<${^LAST_FH}> =item Regular Expression Set Operations =item Lexical subroutines =item Computed Labels =item More CORE:: subs =item C<kill> with negative signal names =back =item Security =over 4 =item See also: hash overhaul =item C<Storable> security warning in documentation =item C<Locale::Maketext> allowed code injection via a malicious template =item Avoid calling memset with a negative count =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item See also: hash overhaul =item An unknown character name in C<\N{...}> is now a syntax error =item Formerly deprecated characters in C<\N{}> character name aliases are now errors. =item C<\N{BELL}> now refers to U+1F514 instead of U+0007 =item New Restrictions in Multi-Character Case-Insensitive Matching in Regular Expression Bracketed Character Classes =item Explicit rules for variable names and identifiers =item Vertical tabs are now whitespace =item C</(?{})/> and C</(??{})/> have been heavily reworked =item Stricter parsing of substitution replacement =item C<given> now aliases the global C<$_> =item The smartmatch family of features are now experimental =item Lexical C<$_> is now experimental =item readline() with C<$/ = \N> now reads N characters, not N bytes =item Overridden C<glob> is now passed one argument =item Here doc parsing =item Alphanumeric operators must now be separated from the closing delimiter of regular expressions =item qw(...) can no longer be used as parentheses =item Interaction of lexical and default warnings =item C<state sub> and C<our sub> =item Defined values stored in environment are forced to byte strings =item C<require> dies for unreadable files =item C<gv_fetchmeth_*> and SUPER =item C<split>'s first argument is more consistently interpreted =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item Module removals L<encoding>, L<Archive::Extract>, L<B::Lint>, L<B::Lint::Debug>, L<CPANPLUS> and all included C<CPANPLUS::*> modules, L<Devel::InnerPackage>, L<Log::Message>, L<Log::Message::Config>, L<Log::Message::Handlers>, L<Log::Message::Item>, L<Log::Message::Simple>, L<Module::Pluggable>, L<Module::Pluggable::Object>, L<Object::Accessor>, L<Pod::LaTeX>, L<Term::UI>, L<Term::UI::History> =item Deprecated Utilities L<cpanp>, C<cpanp-run-perl>, L<cpan2dist>, L<pod2latex> =item PL_sv_objcount =item Five additional characters should be escaped in patterns with C</x> =item User-defined charnames with surprising whitespace =item Various XS-callable functions are now deprecated =item Certain rare uses of backslashes within regexes are now deprecated =item Splitting the tokens C<(?> and C<(*> in regular expressions =item Pre-PerlIO IO implementations =back =item Future Deprecations DG/UX, NeXT =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item Changes to Existing Documentation =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =item Configuration and Compilation =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Discontinued Platforms BeOS, UTS Global, VM/ESA, MPE/IX, EPOC, Rhapsody =item Platform-Specific Notes =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Obituary =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5163delta - what is new for perl v5.16.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =item Security =over 4 =item CVE-2013-1667: memory exhaustion with arbitrary hash keys =item wrap-around with IO on long strings =item memory leak in Encode =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Deprecations =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5162delta - what is new for perl v5.16.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Configuration and Compilation configuration should no longer be confused by ls colorization =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes AIX =back =item Selected Bug Fixes fix /\h/ equivalence with /[\h]/ =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5161delta - what is new for perl v5.16.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item an off-by-two error in Scalar-List-Util has been fixed =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes VMS =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5160delta - what is new for perl v5.16.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Notice =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item C<use I<VERSION>> =item C<__SUB__> =item New and Improved Built-ins =item Unicode Support =item XS Changes =item Changes to Special Variables =item Debugger Changes =item The C<CORE> Namespace =item Other Changes =back =item Security =over 4 =item Use C<is_utf8_char_buf()> and not C<is_utf8_char()> =item Malformed UTF-8 input could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the buffer =item C<File::Glob::bsd_glob()> memory error with GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC (CVE-2011-2728). =item Privileges are now set correctly when assigning to C<$(> =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item Don't read the Unicode data base files in F<lib/unicore> =item XS functions C<is_utf8_char()>, C<utf8_to_uvchr()> and C<utf8_to_uvuni()> =back =item Future Deprecations =over 4 =item Core Modules =item Platforms with no supporting programmers =item Other Future Deprecations =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Special blocks called in void context =item The C<overloading> pragma and regexp objects =item Two XS typemap Entries removed =item Unicode 6.1 has incompatibilities with Unicode 6.0 =item Borland compiler =item Certain deprecated Unicode properties are no longer supported by default =item Dereferencing IO thingies as typeglobs =item User-defined case-changing operations =item XSUBs are now 'static' =item Weakening read-only references =item Tying scalars that hold typeglobs =item IPC::Open3 no longer provides C<xfork()>, C<xclose_on_exec()> and C<xpipe_anon()> =item C<$$> no longer caches PID =item C<$$> and C<getppid()> no longer emulate POSIX semantics under LinuxThreads =item C<< $< >>, C<< $> >>, C<$(> and C<$)> are no longer cached =item Which Non-ASCII characters get quoted by C<quotemeta> and C<\Q> has changed =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Deprecated Modules L<Version::Requirements> =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =item Removed Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Removed Errors =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item Platform-Specific Notes =back =item Internal Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Array and hash =item C API fixes =item Compile-time hints =item Copy-on-write scalars =item The debugger =item Dereferencing operators =item Filehandle, last-accessed =item Filetests and C<stat> =item Formats =item C<given> and C<when> =item The C<glob> operator =item Lvalue subroutines =item Overloading =item Prototypes of built-in keywords =item Regular expressions =item Smartmatching =item The C<sort> operator =item The C<substr> operator =item Support for embedded nulls =item Threading bugs =item Tied variables =item Version objects and vstrings =item Warnings, redefinition =item Warnings, "Uninitialized" =item Weak references =item Other notable fixes =back =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5144delta - what is new for perl v5.14.4 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =item Security =over 4 =item CVE-2013-1667: memory exhaustion with arbitrary hash keys =item memory leak in Encode =item [perl #111594] Socket::unpack_sockaddr_un heap-buffer-overflow =item [perl #111586] SDBM_File: fix off-by-one access to global ".dir" =item off-by-two error in List::Util =item [perl #115994] fix segv in regcomp.c:S_join_exact() =item [perl #115992] PL_eval_start use-after-free =item wrap-around with IO on long strings =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Deprecations =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata Socket, SDBM_File, List::Util =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =item Utility Changes =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Discontinued Platforms =item Platform-Specific Notes VMS =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5143delta - what is new for perl v5.14.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =item Security =over 4 =item C<Digest> unsafe use of eval (CVE-2011-3597) =item Heap buffer overrun in 'x' string repeat operator (CVE-2012-5195) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Deprecations =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Discontinued Platforms =item Platform-Specific Notes FreeBSD, Solaris and NetBSD, HP-UX, Linux, Mac OS X, GNU/Hurd, NetBSD =back =item Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5142delta - what is new for perl v5.14.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =item Security =over 4 =item C<File::Glob::bsd_glob()> memory error with GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC (CVE-2011-2728). =item C<Encode> decode_xs n-byte heap-overflow (CVE-2011-2939) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Deprecations =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Discontinued Platforms =item Platform-Specific Notes HP-UX PA-RISC/64 now supports gcc-4.x, Building on OS X 10.7 Lion and Xcode 4 works again =back =item Bug Fixes =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5141delta - what is new for perl v5.14.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =item Security =item Incompatible Changes =item Deprecations =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragmata =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =item Configuration and Compilation =item Testing =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Discontinued Platforms =item Platform-Specific Notes =back =item Internal Changes =item Bug Fixes =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5140delta - what is new for perl v5.14.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Notice =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode =item Regular Expressions =item Syntactical Enhancements =item Exception Handling =item Other Enhancements C<-d:-foo>, C<-d:-foo=bar> =item New C APIs =back =item Security =over 4 =item User-defined regular expression properties =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Regular Expressions and String Escapes =item Stashes and Package Variables =item Changes to Syntax or to Perl Operators =item Threads and Processes =item Configuration =back =item Deprecations =over 4 =item Omitting a space between a regular expression and subsequent word =item C<\cI<X>> =item C<"\b{"> and C<"\B{"> =item Perl 4-era .pl libraries =item List assignment to C<$[> =item Use of qw(...) as parentheses =item C<\N{BELL}> =item C<?PATTERN?> =item Tie functions on scalars holding typeglobs =item User-defined case-mapping =item Deprecated modules L<Devel::DProf> =back =item Performance Enhancements =over 4 =item "Safe signals" optimisation =item Optimisation of shift() and pop() calls without arguments =item Optimisation of regexp engine string comparison work =item Regular expression compilation speed-up =item String appending is 100 times faster =item Eliminate C<PL_*> accessor functions under ithreads =item Freeing weak references =item Lexical array and hash assignments =item C<@_> uses less memory =item Size optimisations to SV and HV structures =item Memory consumption improvements to Exporter =item Memory savings for weak references =item C<%+> and C<%-> use less memory =item Multiple small improvements to threads =item Adjacent pairs of nextstate opcodes are now optimized away =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated Modules and Pragma much less configuration dialog hassle, support for F<META/MYMETA.json>, support for L<local::lib>, support for L<HTTP::Tiny> to reduce the dependency on FTP sites, automatic mirror selection, iron out all known bugs in configure_requires, support for distributions compressed with L<bzip2(1)>, allow F<Foo/Bar.pm> on the command line to mean C<Foo::Bar>, charinfo(), charscript(), charblock() =item Removed Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics Closure prototype called, Insecure user-defined property %s, panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - something is repeatedly re-creating entries, Parsing code internal error (%s), refcnt: fd %d%s, Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice, Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive, Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense, "\b{" is deprecated; use "\b\{" instead, "\B{" is deprecated; use "\B\{" instead, Operation "%s" returns its argument for .., Use of qw(...) as parentheses is deprecated =item Changes to Existing Diagnostics =back =item Utility Changes =item Configuration and Compilation =item Platform Support =over 4 =item New Platforms AIX =item Discontinued Platforms Apollo DomainOS, MacOS Classic =item Platform-Specific Notes =back =item Internal Changes =over 4 =item New APIs =item C API Changes =item Deprecated C APIs C<Perl_ptr_table_clear>, C<sv_compile_2op>, C<find_rundefsvoffset>, C<CALL_FPTR> and C<CPERLscope> =item Other Internal Changes =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item I/O =item Regular Expression Bug Fixes =item Syntax/Parsing Bugs =item Stashes, Globs and Method Lookup Aliasing packages by assigning to globs [perl #77358], Deleting packages by deleting their containing stash elements, Undefining the glob containing a package (C<undef *Foo::>), Undefining an ISA glob (C<undef *Foo::ISA>), Deleting an ISA stash element (C<delete $Foo::{ISA}>), Sharing @ISA arrays between classes (via C<*Foo::ISA = \@Bar::ISA> or C<*Foo::ISA = *Bar::ISA>) [perl #77238] =item Unicode =item Ties, Overloading and Other Magic =item The Debugger =item Threads =item Scoping and Subroutines =item Signals =item Miscellaneous Memory Leaks =item Memory Corruption and Crashes =item Fixes to Various Perl Operators =item Bugs Relating to the C API =back =item Known Problems =item Errata =over 4 =item keys(), values(), and each() work on arrays =item split() and C<@_> =back =item Obituary =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5125delta - what is new for perl v5.12.5 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security =over 4 =item C<Encode> decode_xs n-byte heap-overflow (CVE-2011-2939) =item C<File::Glob::bsd_glob()> memory error with GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC (CVE-2011-2728). =item Heap buffer overrun in 'x' string repeat operator (CVE-2012-5195) =back =item Incompatible Changes =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules =back =item Changes to Existing Documentation =over 4 =item L<perlebcdic> =item L<perlunicode> =item L<perluniprops> =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Platform Specific Changes Mac OS X, NetBSD =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Errata =over 4 =item split() and C<@_> =back =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5124delta - what is new for perl v5.12.4 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Modules and Pragmata =item Testing =item Documentation =item Platform Specific Notes Linux =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5123delta - what is new for perl v5.12.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item C<keys>, C<values> work on arrays =back =item Bug Fixes =item Platform Specific Notes Solaris, VMS, VOS =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5122delta - what is new for perl v5.12.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Pragmata Changes =item Updated Modules C<Carp>, C<CPANPLUS>, C<File::Glob>, C<File::Copy>, C<File::Spec> =back =item Utility Changes =item Changes to Existing Documentation =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Configuration improvements =item Compilation improvements =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Platform Specific Notes =over 4 =item AIX =item Windows =item VMS =back =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5121delta - what is new for perl v5.12.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Pragmata Changes =item Updated Modules =back =item Changes to Existing Documentation =item Testing =over 4 =item Testing Improvements =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Configuration improvements =back =item Bug Fixes =item Platform Specific Notes =over 4 =item HP-UX =item AIX =item FreeBSD 7 =item VMS =back =item Known Problems =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5120delta - what is new for perl v5.12.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item New C<package NAME VERSION> syntax =item The C<...> operator =item Implicit strictures =item Unicode improvements =item Y2038 compliance =item qr overloading =item Pluggable keywords =item APIs for more internals =item Overridable function lookup =item A proper interface for pluggable Method Resolution Orders =item C<\N> experimental regex escape =item DTrace support =item Support for C<configure_requires> in CPAN module metadata =item C<each>, C<keys>, C<values> are now more flexible =item C<when> as a statement modifier =item C<$,> flexibility =item // in when clauses =item Enabling warnings from your shell environment =item C<delete local> =item New support for Abstract namespace sockets =item 32-bit limit on substr arguments removed =back =item Potentially Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Deprecations warn by default =item Version number formats =item @INC reorganization =item REGEXPs are now first class =item Switch statement changes flip-flop operators, defined-or operator =item Smart match changes =item Other potentially incompatible changes =back =item Deprecations suidperl, Use of C<:=> to mean an empty attribute list, C<< UNIVERSAL->import() >>, Use of "goto" to jump into a construct, Custom character names in \N{name} that don't look like names, Deprecated Modules, L<Class::ISA>, L<Pod::Plainer>, L<Shell>, L<Switch>, Assignment to $[, Use of the attribute :locked on subroutines, Use of "locked" with the attributes pragma, Use of "unique" with the attributes pragma, Perl_pmflag, Numerous Perl 4-era libraries =item Unicode overhaul =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata C<autodie>, C<Compress::Raw::Bzip2>, C<overloading>, C<parent>, C<Parse::CPAN::Meta>, C<VMS::DCLsym>, C<VMS::Stdio>, C<XS::APItest::KeywordRPN> =item Updated Pragmata C<base>, C<bignum>, C<charnames>, C<constant>, C<diagnostics>, C<feature>, C<less>, C<lib>, C<mro>, C<overload>, C<threads>, C<threads::shared>, C<version>, C<warnings> =item Updated Modules C<Archive::Extract>, C<Archive::Tar>, C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<AutoLoader>, C<B::Concise>, C<B::Debug>, C<B::Deparse>, C<B::Lint>, C<CGI>, C<Class::ISA>, C<Compress::Raw::Zlib>, C<CPAN>, C<CPANPLUS>, C<CPANPLUS::Dist::Build>, C<Data::Dumper>, C<DB_File>, C<Devel::PPPort>, C<Digest>, C<Digest::MD5>, C<Digest::SHA>, C<Encode>, C<Exporter>, C<ExtUtils::CBuilder>, C<ExtUtils::Command>, C<ExtUtils::Constant>, C<ExtUtils::Install>, C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>, C<ExtUtils::Manifest>, C<ExtUtils::ParseXS>, C<File::Fetch>, C<File::Path>, C<File::Temp>, C<Filter::Simple>, C<Filter::Util::Call>, C<Getopt::Long>, C<IO>, C<IO::Zlib>, C<IPC::Cmd>, C<IPC::SysV>, C<Locale::Maketext>, C<Locale::Maketext::Simple>, C<Log::Message>, C<Log::Message::Simple>, C<Math::BigInt>, C<Math::BigInt::FastCalc>, C<Math::BigRat>, C<Math::Complex>, C<Memoize>, C<MIME::Base64>, C<Module::Build>, C<Module::CoreList>, C<Module::Load>, C<Module::Load::Conditional>, C<Module::Loaded>, C<Module::Pluggable>, C<Net::Ping>, C<NEXT>, C<Object::Accessor>, C<Package::Constants>, C<PerlIO>, C<Pod::Parser>, C<Pod::Perldoc>, C<Pod::Plainer>, C<Pod::Simple>, C<Safe>, C<SelfLoader>, C<Storable>, C<Switch>, C<Sys::Syslog>, C<Term::ANSIColor>, C<Term::UI>, C<Test>, C<Test::Harness>, C<Test::Simple>, C<Text::Balanced>, C<Text::ParseWords>, C<Text::Soundex>, C<Thread::Queue>, C<Thread::Semaphore>, C<Tie::RefHash>, C<Time::HiRes>, C<Time::Local>, C<Time::Piece>, C<Unicode::Collate>, C<Unicode::Normalize>, C<Win32>, C<Win32API::File>, C<XSLoader> =item Removed Modules and Pragmata C<attrs>, C<CPAN::API::HOWTO>, C<CPAN::DeferedCode>, C<CPANPLUS::inc>, C<DCLsym>, C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes>, C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish>, C<Stdio>, C<Test::Harness::Assert>, C<Test::Harness::Iterator>, C<Test::Harness::Point>, C<Test::Harness::Results>, C<Test::Harness::Straps>, C<Test::Harness::Util>, C<XSSymSet> =item Deprecated Modules and Pragmata =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =back =item Selected Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =item Internal Changes =item Testing =over 4 =item Testing improvements Parallel tests, Test harness flexibility, Test watchdog =item New Tests =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =over 4 =item New Diagnostics =item Changed Diagnostics C<Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s>, C<Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s> =back =item Utility Changes =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Platform Specific Changes =over 4 =item New Platforms Haiku, MirOS BSD =item Discontinued Platforms Domain/OS, MiNT, Tenon MachTen =item Updated Platforms AIX, Cygwin, Darwin (Mac OS X), DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, Irix, NetBSD, OpenVMS, Stratus VOS, Symbian, Windows =back =item Known Problems =item Errata =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5101delta - what is new for perl v5.10.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Switch statement changes flip-flop operators, defined-or operator =item Smart match changes =item Other incompatible changes =back =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode Character Database 5.1.0 =item A proper interface for pluggable Method Resolution Orders =item The C<overloading> pragma =item Parallel tests =item DTrace support =item Support for C<configure_requires> in CPAN module metadata =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata C<autodie>, C<Compress::Raw::Bzip2>, C<parent>, C<Parse::CPAN::Meta> =item Pragmata Changes C<attributes>, C<attrs>, C<base>, C<bigint>, C<bignum>, C<bigrat>, C<charnames>, C<constant>, C<feature>, C<fields>, C<lib>, C<open>, C<overload>, C<overloading>, C<version> =item Updated Modules C<Archive::Extract>, C<Archive::Tar>, C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<AutoLoader>, C<AutoSplit>, C<B>, C<B::Debug>, C<B::Deparse>, C<B::Lint>, C<B::Xref>, C<Benchmark>, C<Carp>, C<CGI>, C<Compress::Zlib>, C<CPAN>, C<CPANPLUS>, C<CPANPLUS::Dist::Build>, C<Cwd>, C<Data::Dumper>, C<DB>, C<DB_File>, C<Devel::PPPort>, C<Digest::MD5>, C<Digest::SHA>, C<DirHandle>, C<Dumpvalue>, C<DynaLoader>, C<Encode>, C<Errno>, C<Exporter>, C<ExtUtils::CBuilder>, C<ExtUtils::Command>, C<ExtUtils::Constant>, C<ExtUtils::Embed>, C<ExtUtils::Install>, C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>, C<ExtUtils::Manifest>, C<ExtUtils::ParseXS>, C<Fatal>, C<File::Basename>, C<File::Compare>, C<File::Copy>, C<File::Fetch>, C<File::Find>, C<File::Path>, C<File::Spec>, C<File::stat>, C<File::Temp>, C<FileCache>, C<FileHandle>, C<Filter::Simple>, C<Filter::Util::Call>, C<FindBin>, C<GDBM_File>, C<Getopt::Long>, C<Hash::Util::FieldHash>, C<I18N::Collate>, C<IO>, C<IO::Compress::*>, C<IO::Dir>, C<IO::Handle>, C<IO::Socket>, C<IO::Zlib>, C<IPC::Cmd>, C<IPC::Open3>, C<IPC::SysV>, C<lib>, C<List::Util>, C<Locale::MakeText>, C<Log::Message>, C<Math::BigFloat>, C<Math::BigInt>, C<Math::BigInt::FastCalc>, C<Math::BigRat>, C<Math::Complex>, C<Math::Trig>, C<Memoize>, C<Module::Build>, C<Module::CoreList>, C<Module::Load>, C<Module::Load::Conditional>, C<Module::Loaded>, C<Module::Pluggable>, C<NDBM_File>, C<Net::Ping>, C<NEXT>, C<Object::Accessor>, C<OS2::REXX>, C<Package::Constants>, C<PerlIO>, C<PerlIO::via>, C<Pod::Man>, C<Pod::Parser>, C<Pod::Simple>, C<Pod::Text>, C<POSIX>, C<Safe>, C<Scalar::Util>, C<SelectSaver>, C<SelfLoader>, C<Socket>, C<Storable>, C<Switch>, C<Symbol>, C<Sys::Syslog>, C<Term::ANSIColor>, C<Term::ReadLine>, C<Term::UI>, C<Test::Harness>, C<Test::Simple>, C<Text::ParseWords>, C<Text::Tabs>, C<Text::Wrap>, C<Thread::Queue>, C<Thread::Semaphore>, C<threads>, C<threads::shared>, C<Tie::RefHash>, C<Tie::StdHandle>, C<Time::HiRes>, C<Time::Local>, C<Time::Piece>, C<Unicode::Normalize>, C<Unicode::UCD>, C<UNIVERSAL>, C<Win32>, C<Win32API::File>, C<XSLoader> =back =item Utility Changes F<h2ph>, F<h2xs>, F<perl5db.pl>, F<perlthanks> =item New Documentation L<perlhaiku>, L<perlmroapi>, L<perlperf>, L<perlrepository>, L<perlthanks> =item Changes to Existing Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item F<ext/> reorganisation =item Configuration improvements =item Compilation improvements =item Platform Specific Changes AIX, Cygwin, FreeBSD, Irix, Haiku, MirOS BSD, NetBSD, Stratus VOS, Symbian, Win32, VMS =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item New or Changed Diagnostics C<panic: sv_chop %s>, C<Can't locate package %s for the parents of %s>, C<v-string in use/require is non-portable>, C<Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"> =item Changed Internals C<SVf_UTF8>, C<SVs_TEMP> =item New Tests t/comp/retainedlines.t, t/io/perlio_fail.t, t/io/perlio_leaks.t, t/io/perlio_open.t, t/io/perlio.t, t/io/pvbm.t, t/mro/package_aliases.t, t/op/dbm.t, t/op/index_thr.t, t/op/pat_thr.t, t/op/qr_gc.t, t/op/reg_email_thr.t, t/op/regexp_qr_embed_thr.t, t/op/regexp_unicode_prop.t, t/op/regexp_unicode_prop_thr.t, t/op/reg_nc_tie.t, t/op/reg_posixcc.t, t/op/re.t, t/op/setpgrpstack.t, t/op/substr_thr.t, t/op/upgrade.t, t/uni/lex_utf8.t, t/uni/tie.t =item Known Problems =item Deprecations =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl5100delta - what is new for perl 5.10.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item The C<feature> pragma =item New B<-E> command-line switch =item Defined-or operator =item Switch and Smart Match operator =item Regular expressions Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers, Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak, Optional pre-match and post-match captures with the /p flag =item C<say()> =item Lexical C<$_> =item The C<_> prototype =item UNITCHECK blocks =item New Pragma, C<mro> =item readdir() may return a "short filename" on Windows =item readpipe() is now overridable =item Default argument for readline() =item state() variables =item Stacked filetest operators =item UNIVERSAL::DOES() =item Formats =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack() =item C<no VERSION> =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles =item OS groups =item Recursive sort subs =item Exceptions in constant folding =item Source filters in @INC =item New internal variables C<${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}>, C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>, C<${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}>, C<${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}> =item Miscellaneous =item UCD 5.0.0 =item MAD =item kill() on Windows =back =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Packing and UTF-8 strings =item Byte/character count feature in unpack() =item The C<$*> and C<$#> variables have been removed =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length =item Parsing of C<-f _> =item C<:unique> =item Effect of pragmas in eval =item chdir FOO =item Handling of .pmc files =item $^V is now a C<version> object instead of a v-string =item @- and @+ in patterns =item $AUTOLOAD can now be tainted =item Tainting and printf =item undef and signal handlers =item strictures and dereferencing in defined() =item C<(?p{})> has been removed =item Pseudo-hashes have been removed =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc =item Removal of the JPL =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier =item warnings::enabled and warnings::warnif changed to favor users of modules =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Upgrading individual core modules =item Pragmata Changes C<feature>, C<mro>, Scoping of the C<sort> pragma, Scoping of C<bignum>, C<bigint>, C<bigrat>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<version>, C<warnings>, C<less> =item New modules =item Selected Changes to Core Modules C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread> =back =item Utility Changes perl -d, ptar, ptardiff, shasum, corelist, h2ph and h2xs, perlivp, find2perl, config_data, cpanp, cpan2dist, pod2html =item New Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =over 4 =item In-place sorting =item Lexical array access =item XS-assisted SWASHGET =item Constant subroutines =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV> =item Weak references are cheaper =item sort() enhancements =item Memory optimisations =item UTF-8 cache optimisation =item Sloppy stat on Windows =item Regular expressions optimisations Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie optimisation of literal string alternations, Aho-Corasick start-point optimisation =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Configuration improvements C<-Dusesitecustomize>, Relocatable installations, strlcat() and strlcpy(), C<d_pseudofork> and C<d_printf_format_null>, Configure help =item Compilation improvements Parallel build, Borland's compilers support, Static build on Windows, ppport.h files, C++ compatibility, Support for Microsoft 64-bit compiler, Visual C++, Win32 builds =item Installation improvements Module auxiliary files =item New Or Improved Platforms =back =item Selected Bug Fixes strictures in regexp-eval blocks, Calling CORE::require(), Subscripts of slices, C<no warnings 'category'> works correctly with -w, threads improvements, chr() and negative values, PERL5SHELL and tainting, Using *FILE{IO}, Overloading and reblessing, Overloading and UTF-8, eval memory leaks fixed, Random device on Windows, PERLIO_DEBUG, PerlIO::scalar and read-only scalars, study() and UTF-8, Critical signals, @INC-hook fix, C<-t> switch fix, Duping UTF-8 filehandles, Localisation of hash elements =item New or Changed Diagnostics Use of uninitialized value, Deprecated use of my() in false conditional, !=~ should be !~, Newline in left-justified string, Too late for "-T" option, "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration, readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle, Opening dirhandle/filehandle %s also as a file/directory, Use of -P is deprecated, v-string in use/require is non-portable, perl -V =item Changed Internals =over 4 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants =item Elimination of SVt_PVBM =item New type SVt_BIND =item Removal of CPP symbols =item Less space is used by ops =item New parser =item Use of C<const> =item Mathoms =item C<AvFLAGS> has been removed =item C<av_*> changes =item $^H and %^H =item B:: modules inheritance changed =item Anonymous hash and array constructors =back =item Known Problems =over 4 =item UTF-8 problems =back =item Platform Specific Problems =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl589delta - what is new for perl v5.8.9 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Notice =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode Character Database 5.1.0. =item stat and -X on directory handles =item Source filters in @INC =item Exceptions in constant folding =item C<no VERSION> =item Improved internal UTF-8 caching code =item Runtime relocatable installations =item New internal variables C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>, C<${^UTF8CACHE}> =item C<readpipe> is now overridable =item simple exception handling macros =item -D option enhancements =item XS-assisted SWASHGET =item Constant subroutines =back =item New Platforms =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules =item Updated Modules =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item debugger upgraded to version 1.31 =item F<perlthanks> =item F<perlbug> =item F<h2xs> =item F<h2ph> =back =item New Documentation =item Changes to Existing Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Relocatable installations =item Configuration improvements =item Compilation improvements =item Installation improvements. =item Platform Specific Changes =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Unicode =item PerlIO =item Magic =item Reblessing overloaded objects now works =item C<strict> now propagates correctly into string evals =item Other fixes =item Platform Specific Fixes =item Smaller fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =over 4 =item panic: sv_chop %s =item Maximal count of pending signals (%s) exceeded =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine =item Cannot make the non-overridable builtin %s fatal =item Unrecognized character '%s' in column %d =item Offset outside string =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regexp; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ =item Your machine doesn't support dump/undump. =back =item Changed Internals =over 4 =item Macro cleanups =back =item New Tests ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t, t/comp/fold.t, t/io/pvbm.t, t/lib/proxy_constant_subs.t, t/op/attrhand.t, t/op/dbm.t, t/op/inccode-tie.t, t/op/incfilter.t, t/op/kill0.t, t/op/qrstack.t, t/op/qr.t, t/op/regexp_qr_embed.t, t/op/regexp_qr.t, t/op/rxcode.t, t/op/studytied.t, t/op/substT.t, t/op/symbolcache.t, t/op/upgrade.t, t/mro/package_aliases.t, t/pod/twice.t, t/run/cloexec.t, t/uni/cache.t, t/uni/chr.t, t/uni/greek.t, t/uni/latin2.t, t/uni/overload.t, t/uni/tie.t =item Known Problems =item Platform Specific Notes =over 4 =item Win32 =item OS/2 =item VMS =back =item Obituary =item Acknowledgements =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl588delta - what is new for perl v5.8.8 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item C<h2xs> enhancements =item C<perlivp> enhancements =back =item New Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w =item Remove over-optimisation =item sprintf() fixes =item Debugger and Unicode slowdown =item Smaller fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =over 4 =item Attempt to set length of freed array =item Non-string passed as bitmask =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern =back =item Changed Internals =item Platform Specific Problems =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl587delta - what is new for perl v5.8.7 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0 =item suidperl less insecure =item Optional site customization script =item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller. =back =item Modules and Pragmata =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item find2perl enhancements =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =item Selected Bug Fixes =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Known Problems =item Platform Specific Problems =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =item Utility Changes =item Performance Enhancements =item Selected Bug Fixes =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item New Tests =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item Perl's debugger =item h2ph =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =item Selected Bug Fixes =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Known Problems =item Platform Specific Problems =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Malloc wrapping =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1 =item suidperl less insecure =item format =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated modules Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8 =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Utility Changes =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =item Selected Bug Fixes =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Future Directions =item Platform Specific Problems =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =item Selected Bug Fixes =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Configuration and Building =item Platform Specific Problems =item Known Problems =item Future Directions =item Obituary =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Hash Randomisation =item Threading =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =item Changed Internals =item Platform Specific Problems =item Future Directions =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Hash Randomisation =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>" =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe =back =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales =item Unsafe signals again available =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices =item local ${$x} =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0 =item Deprecation Warnings =item Miscellaneous Enhancements =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath, Win32::GetOSVersion =back =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Platform-specific enhancements =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Closures, eval and lexicals =item Generic fixes =item Platform-specific fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =over 4 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running" =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash" =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine" =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator" =item New "Missing control char name in \c" =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s" =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator" =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated" =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s" =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated" =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use" =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'" =item New "Use of freed value in iteration" =back =item Changed Internals =item New Tests =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Tied hashes in scalar context =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures =item B::C =back =item Platform Specific Problems =over 4 =item EBCDIC Platforms =item Cygwin 1.5 problems =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc) =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite =back =item Future Directions =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Highlights In 5.8.0 =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Binary Incompatibility =item 64-bit platforms and malloc =item AIX Dynaloading =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost) =item New Unicode Properties =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) =item pack/unpack D/F recycled =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order =item Deprecations =back =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode Overhaul =item PerlIO is Now The Default =item ithreads =item Restricted Hashes =item Safe Signals =item Understanding of Numbers =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561] =item Miscellaneous Changes =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Generic Improvements =item New Or Improved Platforms =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561] =item New Tests =item Known Problems =over 4 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..) =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51 =item PDL failing some tests =item Perl_get_sv =item Self-tying Problems =item ext/threads/t/libc =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests =item Timing problems =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work =back =item Platform Specific Problems =over 4 =item AIX =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests =item AmigaOS =item BeOS =item Cygwin "unable to remap" =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT =item DJGPP Failures =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 =item Mac OS X =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols =item OS/2 Test Failures =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130 =item SCO =item Solaris 2.5 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX) =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32 =item UNICOS/mk =item UTS =item VOS (Stratus) =item VMS =item Win32 =item XML::Parser not working =item z/OS (OS/390) =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now =back =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 =over 4 =item Security Issues =item Core bug fixes C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no Module;>, Tests =item Core features =item Configuration issues =item Documentation =item Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash =item Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX =back =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency =item Lexically scoped warning categories =item Unicode and UTF-8 support =item Support for interpolating named characters =item "our" declarations =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals =item Improved Perl version numbering system =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes =item File and directory handles can be autovivified =item open() with more than two arguments =item 64-bit support =item Large file support =item Long doubles =item "more bits" =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed =item File globbing implemented internally =item Support for CHECK blocks =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported =item Better pseudo-random number generator =item Improved C<qw//> operator =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes =item pack() format 'Z' supported =item pack() format modifier '!' supported =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings =item Comments in pack() templates =item Weak references =item Binary numbers supported =item Lvalue subroutines =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues =item exists() is supported on subroutine names =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements =item Pseudo-hashes work better =item Automatic flushing of output buffers =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle =item eof() has the same old magic as <> =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure =item Improved diagnostics =item Diagnostics follow STDERR =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior =item syswrite() ease-of-use =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators =item Bit operators support full native integer width =item Improved security features =item More functional bareword prototype (*) =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string =item Optional Y2K warnings =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters =item Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item dprofpp =item find2perl =item h2xs =item perlcc =item perldoc =item The Perl Debugger =back =item Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Performance enhancements =over 4 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables =item Faster subroutine calls =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item -Dusethreads means something different =item New Configure flags =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring =item Long Doubles =item -Dusemorebits =item -Duselargefiles =item installusrbinperl =item SOCKS support =item C<-A> flag =item Enhanced Installation Directories =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working =back =item Platform specific changes =over 4 =item Supported platforms =item DOS =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) =item VMS =item Win32 =back =item Significant bug fixes =over 4 =item <HANDLE> on empty files =item C<eval '...'> improvements =item All compilation errors are true errors =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> =item Failures in DESTROY() =item Locale bugs fixed =item Memory leaks =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls =item Taint failures under C<-U> =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number =item New tests =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results =item C Source Incompatibilities C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> =item Compatible C Source API Changes C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> =item Binary Incompatibilities =back =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory =item Known test failures =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run =item Arrow operator and arrays =item Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back =item Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency =item Lexically scoped warning categories =item Unicode and UTF-8 support =item Support for interpolating named characters =item "our" declarations =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals =item Improved Perl version numbering system =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes =item File and directory handles can be autovivified =item open() with more than two arguments =item 64-bit support =item Large file support =item Long doubles =item "more bits" =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed =item File globbing implemented internally =item Support for CHECK blocks =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported =item Better pseudo-random number generator =item Improved C<qw//> operator =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes =item pack() format 'Z' supported =item pack() format modifier '!' supported =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings =item Comments in pack() templates =item Weak references =item Binary numbers supported =item Lvalue subroutines =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues =item exists() is supported on subroutine names =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements =item Pseudo-hashes work better =item Automatic flushing of output buffers =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle =item eof() has the same old magic as <> =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure =item Improved diagnostics =item Diagnostics follow STDERR =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior =item syswrite() ease-of-use =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators =item Bit operators support full native integer width =item Improved security features =item More functional bareword prototype (*) =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string =item Optional Y2K warnings =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters =item Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item dprofpp =item find2perl =item h2xs =item perlcc =item perldoc =item The Perl Debugger =back =item Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Performance enhancements =over 4 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables =item Faster subroutine calls =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item -Dusethreads means something different =item New Configure flags =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring =item Long Doubles =item -Dusemorebits =item -Duselargefiles =item installusrbinperl =item SOCKS support =item C<-A> flag =item Enhanced Installation Directories =back =item Platform specific changes =over 4 =item Supported platforms =item DOS =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) =item VMS =item Win32 =back =item Significant bug fixes =over 4 =item <HANDLE> on empty files =item C<eval '...'> improvements =item All compilation errors are true errors =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> =item Failures in DESTROY() =item Locale bugs fixed =item Memory leaks =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls =item Taint failures under C<-U> =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number =item New tests =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results =item C Source Incompatibilities C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> =item Compatible C Source API Changes C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> =item Binary Incompatibilities =back =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Thread test failures =item EBCDIC platforms not supported =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run =item Arrow operator and arrays =item Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back =item Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item About the new versioning system =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. =item Default installation structure has changed =item Perl Source Compatibility =item C Source Compatibility =item Binary Compatibility =item Security fixes may affect compatibility =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 =item Licensing =back =item Core Changes =over 4 =item Threads =item Compiler =item Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes =item Improved malloc() =item Quicksort is internally implemented =item Reliable signals =item Reliable stack pointers =item More generous treatment of carriage returns =item Memory leaks =item Better support for multiple interpreters =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module =item Pseudo-hashes are supported =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported =item Keywords can be globally overridden =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package =item Better locale support =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins =item Extended support for exception handling =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally =item New C<INIT> keyword =item New C<lock> keyword =item New C<qr//> operator =item C<our> is now a reserved word =item Tied arrays are now fully supported =item Tied handles support is better =item 4th argument to substr =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice =item Magic lvalues are now more magical =item <> now reads in records =back =item Supported Platforms =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Changes in existing support =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re =item Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd =back =item Utility Changes =item Documentation Changes =item New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed =item Obsolete Diagnostics Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big =item Configuration Changes =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Supported Environments =item Core Changes =over 4 =item List assignment to %ENV works =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options =item More precise warnings =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified =item Group vector changeable with C<$)> =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc. =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc. =item No resetting of $. on implicit close =item C<wantarray> may return undef =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context =item Changes to tainting checks No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module =item Embedding improvements =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface =item New and changed syntax $coderef->(PARAMS) =item New and changed builtin constants __PACKAGE__ =item New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M =item New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals =item New builtin methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) =item TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this =item Malloc enhancements -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements =back =item Support for More Operating Systems =over 4 =item Win32 =item Plan 9 =item QNX =item AmigaOS =back =item Pragmata use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish =item Modules =over 4 =item Required Updates =item Installation directories =item Module information summary =item Fcntl =item IO =item Math::Complex =item Math::Trig =item DB_File =item Net::Ping =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output =item xsubpp C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing =back =item C Language API Changes C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes =item Documentation Changes L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec> =item New Diagnostics "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlexperiment - A listing of experimental features in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Current experiments C<our> can now have an experimental optional attribute C<unique>, Smart match (C<~~>), Pluggable keywords, Regular Expression Set Operations, Subroutine signatures, Aliasing via reference, The "const" attribute, use re 'strict';, String- and number-specific bitwise operators, The <:win32> IO pseudolayer, Declaring a reference to a variable, There is an C<installhtml> target in the Makefile, Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC =item Accepted features 64-bit support, die accepts a reference, DB module, Weak references, Internal file glob, fork() emulation, -Dusemultiplicity -Duseithreads, Support for long doubles, The C<\N> regex character class, C<(?{code})> and C<(??{ code })>, Linux abstract Unix domain sockets, Lvalue subroutines, Backtracking control verbs, The <:pop> IO pseudolayer, C<\s> in regexp matches vertical tab, Postfix dereference syntax, Lexical subroutines =item Removed features 5.005-style threading, perlcc, The pseudo-hash data type, GetOpt::Long Options can now take multiple values at once (experimental), Assertions, Test::Harness::Straps, C<legacy>, Lexical C<$_>, Array and hash container functions accept references =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =item LICENSE =back =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item The "Artistic License" =over 4 =item Preamble =item Definitions "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable copying fee", "Freely Available" =item Conditions a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d) =back =back =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 1 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE =back =head2 perlaix - Perl version 5 on IBM AIX (UNIX) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX =item Supported Compilers =item Incompatibility with AIX Toolbox lib gdbm =item Perl 5 was successfully compiled and tested on: =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX =item Using Large Files with Perl =item Threaded Perl =item 64-bit Perl =item Long doubles =item Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (threaded/32-bit) =item Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (32-bit) =item Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (threaded/64-bit) =item Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (64-bit) =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX 7.1.0 =item Compiling Perl 5 on older AIX versions up to 4.3.3 =item OS level =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX E<lt> 5L =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler =item The usenm option =item Using GNU's gcc for building Perl =item Using Large Files with Perl E<lt> 5L =item Threaded Perl E<lt> 5L =item 64-bit Perl E<lt> 5L =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics =back =item AUTHORS =back =head2 perlamiga - Perl under AmigaOS 4.1 =over 4 =item NOTE =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Prerequisites for running Perl 5.22.1 under AmigaOS 4.1 B<AmigaOS 4.1 update 6 with all updates applied as of 9th October 2013>, B<newlib.library version 53.28 or greater>, B<AmigaOS SDK>, B<abc-shell> =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS 4.1 =item Limitations of Perl under AmigaOS 4.1 B<Nested Piped programs can crash when run from older abc-shells>, B<Incorrect or unexpected command line unescaping>, B<Starting subprocesses via open has limitations>, If you find any other limitations or bugs then let me know =back =item INSTALLATION =item Amiga Specific Modules =over 4 =item Amiga::ARexx =item Amiga::Exec =back =item BUILDING =item CHANGES B<August 2015>, Port to Perl 5.22, Add handling of NIL: to afstat(), Fix inheritance of environment variables by subprocesses, Fix exec, and exit in "forked" subprocesses, Fix issue with newlib's unlink, which could cause infinite loops, Add flock() emulation using IDOS->LockRecord thanks to Tony Cook for the suggestion, Fix issue where kill was using the wrong kind of process ID, B<27th November 2013>, Create new installation system based on installperl links and Amiga protection bits now set correctly, Pod now defaults to text, File::Spec should now recognise an Amiga style absolute path as well as an Unix style one. Relative paths must always be Unix style, B<20th November 2013>, Configured to use SDK:Local/C/perl to start standard scripts, Added Amiga::Exec module with support for Wait() and AmigaOS signal numbers, B<10th October 13> =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlandroid - Perl under Android =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Cross-compilation =over 4 =item Get the Android Native Development Kit (NDK) =item Determine the architecture you'll be cross-compiling for =item Set up a standalone toolchain =item adb or ssh? =item Configure and beyond =back =item Native Builds =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlbs2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item gzip on BS2000 =item bison on BS2000 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000 =item Testing Perl on BS2000 =item Installing Perl on BS2000 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list =back =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE =over 4 =item Building Perl for WinCE =over 4 =item WARNING =item DESCRIPTION =item General explanations on cross-compiling WinCE =item CURRENT BUILD INSTRUCTIONS =item OLD BUILD INSTRUCTIONS Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources, go to F<./win32> subdirectory, edit file F<./win32/ce-helpers/compile.bat>, run compile.bat, run compile.bat dist =back =item Using Perl on WinCE =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item LIMITATIONS =item ENVIRONMENT PERL5LIB, PATH, TMP, UNIXROOTPATH, ROWS/COLS, HOME, CONSOLEFONTSIZE =item REGISTRY =item XS =item BUGS =item INSTALLATION =back =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item History of WinCE port =item AUTHORS Rainer Keuchel <coyxc@rainer-keuchel.de>, Vadim Konovalov, Daniel Dragan =back =head2 perlcygwin - Perl for Cygwin =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) =item Cygwin Configuration C<PATH>, I<nroff> =back =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm_compat> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>), C<cygserver> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil> =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin C<-Uusedl>, C<-Dusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Uuse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Uuseithreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>, C<-Dmksymlinks> =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back =item MAKE ON CYGWIN =item TEST ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item File Permissions on Cygwin =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests =back =item Specific features of the Cygwin port =over 4 =item Script Portability on Cygwin Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, Cygwin vs. Windows process ids, Cygwin vs. Windows errors, rebase errors on fork or system, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous =item Prebuilt methods: C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>, C<Cygwin::win_to_posix_path>, C<Cygwin::posix_to_win_path>, C<Cygwin::mount_table()>, C<Cygwin::mount_flags>, C<Cygwin::is_binmount>, C<Cygwin::sync_winenv> =back =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts, Perl Module Tests =item BUGS ON CYGWIN =item AUTHORS =item HISTORY =back =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS DJGPP, Pthreads =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS =item Building Perl on DOS =item Testing Perl on DOS =item Installation of Perl on DOS =back =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS =over 4 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS =item Building XS Modules on DOS =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfreebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads =item C<$^X> doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhaiku - Perl version 5.10+ on Haiku =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item BUILD AND INSTALL =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item CONTACT =back =head2 perlhpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX =item Using perl from HP's porting centre =item Other prebuilt perl binaries =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX =item PA-RISC =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions =item PA-RISC 1.0 =item PA-RISC 1.1 =item PA-RISC 2.0 =item Itanium Processor Family (IPF) and HP-UX =item Itanium, Itanium 2 & Madison 6 =item HP-UX versions =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX =item The HP ANSI C Compiler =item The GNU C Compiler =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX =item Oracle on HP-UX =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl =back =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent =item error: pasting ")" and "l" does not give a valid preprocessing token =item Redeclaration of "sendpath" with a different storage class specifier =item Miscellaneous =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlirix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix =item About Compiler Versions of Irix =item Linker Problems in Irix =item Malloc in Irix =item Building with threads in Irix =item Irix 5.3 =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perllinux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlmacos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlmacosx - Perl under Mac OS X =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Installation Prefix =item SDK support =item Universal Binary support =item 64-bit PPC support =item libperl and Prebinding =item Updating Apple's Perl =item Known problems =item Cocoa =back =item Starting From Scratch =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item BUILD =over 4 =item Tools & SDK =item Setup SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat =item Make =item Interpreter =item Extensions =back =item INSTALL =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHORS =item DATE =back =head2 perlopenbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with ithreads =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Target =item Other OSes =item Prerequisites EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl =back =item Frequently asked questions =over 4 =item "It does not work" =item I cannot run external programs =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my program. Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use L<ExtUtils::Embed>? =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS. =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file> =back =item INSTALLATION =over 4 =item Automatic binary installation C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm> =item Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh =item B<Warning> =back =item Accessing documentation =over 4 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file =item Plain text =item Manpages =item HTML =item GNU C<info> files =item F<PDF> files =item C<LaTeX> docs =back =item BUILD =over 4 =item The short story =item Prerequisites =item Getting perl source =item Application of the patches =item Hand-editing =item Making =item Testing A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>, Z<>18, Z<>25, F<op/stat.t> =item Installing the built perl =item C<a.out>-style build =back =item Building a binary distribution =item Building custom F<.EXE> files =over 4 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded extensions =item Making executables with a custom search-paths =back =item Build FAQ =over 4 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh. =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external =item Problems with tr or sed =item Some problem (forget which ;-) =item Library ... not found =item Segfault in make =item op/sprintf test failure =back =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port =over 4 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority> =item C<system()> =item C<extproc> on the first line =item Additional modules: =item Prebuilt methods: C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>, C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>, C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>, C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>, OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>, C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>, OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>, C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])> =item Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror =item Misfeatures =item Modifications C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>, C<flock> =item Identifying DLLs =item Centralized management of resources C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>, C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>, C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs =back =item Perl flavors =over 4 =item F<perl.exe> =item F<perl_.exe> =item F<perl__.exe> =item F<perl___.exe> =item Why strange names? =item Why dynamic linking? =item Why chimera build? =back =item ENVIRONMENT =over 4 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX> =item C<PERL_BADLANG> =item C<PERL_BADFREE> =item C<PERL_SH_DIR> =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK> =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP> =back =item Evolution =over 4 =item Text-mode filehandles =item Priorities =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from C<LIBPATH> =item DLL forwarder generation =item Threading =item Calls to external programs =item Memory allocation =item Threads C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c> =back =item BUGS =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlos390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tools =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 =item Configure Perl on OS/390 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 =back =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlos400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE =item Known Problems =item Perl on ILE =back =item AUTHORS =back =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Invoking Perl =item What's in Plan 9 Perl =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl =back =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9 =over 4 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9 =back =item BUGS =item Revision date =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlqnx - Perl version 5 on QNX =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4 =item QNX auxiliary files qnx/ar, qnx/cpp =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6 =item Cross-compilation =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlriscos - Perl version 5 for RISC OS =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item BUILD =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsolaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Solaris Version Numbers. =back =item RESOURCES Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation =item SETTING UP =over 4 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris. =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris. =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris =back =item RUN CONFIGURE. =over 4 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris. =item Threads in perl on Solaris. =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris. =back =item MAKE PROBLEMS. Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found =item MAKE TEST =over 4 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent =back =item CROSS-COMPILATION =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS. =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS. =over 4 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris. =back =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. =over 4 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris =item BSD::Resource on Solaris =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris =back =item SunOS 4.x =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsymbian - Perl version 5 on Symbian OS =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl on Symbian =item Compilation problems =item PerlApp =item sisify.pl =item Using Perl in Symbian =back =item TO DO =item WARNING =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =item LICENSE =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlsynology - Perl 5 on Synology DSM systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Setting up the build environment =item Compiling Perl 5 =item Known problems Error message "No error definitions found", F<ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t> =item Smoke testing Perl 5 =item Adding libraries =back =item REVISION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perltru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64 =item Long Doubles on Tru64 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64 =back =item Testing Perl on Tru64 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark =item read_cur_obj_info: bad file magic number =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Installation =item Organization of Perl Images =over 4 =item Core Images =item Perl Extensions =item Installing static extensions =item Installing dynamic extensions =back =item File specifications =over 4 =item Syntax =item Filename Case =item Symbolic Links =item Wildcard expansion =item Pipes =back =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB =item The Perl Forked Debugger =item PERL_VMS_EXCEPTION_DEBUG =item Command line =over 4 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding =item Command line switches -i, -S, -u =back =item Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, die, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS =item Perl variables %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $| =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences =over 4 =item SDBM_File =back =item Revision date =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlvos - Perl for Stratus OpenVOS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item BUILDING PERL FOR OPENVOS =item INSTALLING PERL IN OPENVOS =item USING PERL IN OPENVOS =over 4 =item Restrictions of Perl on OpenVOS =back =item TEST STATUS =item SUPPORT STATUS =item AUTHOR =item LAST UPDATE =back =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION L<http://mingw.org>, L<http://mingw-w64.org> =over 4 =item Setting Up Perl on Windows Make, Command Shell, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual C++ 2008-2017 Express/Community Edition, Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Express Edition, Microsoft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, Intel C++ Compiler =item Building =item Testing Perl on Windows =item Installation of Perl on Windows =item Usage Hints for Perl on Windows Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Notes on 64-bit Windows =item Running Perl Scripts =item Miscellaneous Things =back =item BUGS AND CAVEATS =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHORS Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>, Steve Hay E<lt>steve.m.hay@googlemail.comE<gt> =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlboot - Links to information on object-oriented programming in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perlbot - Links to information on object-oriented programming in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perlrepository - Links to current information on the Perl source repository =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perltodo - Link to the Perl to-do list =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perltooc - Links to information on object-oriented programming in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perltoot - Links to information on object-oriented programming in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION =head2 arybase - Set indexing base via $[ =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item HISTORY =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What C<import> does =item Built-in Attributes lvalue, method, prototype(..), locked, const, shared, unique =item Available Subroutines get, reftype =item Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES =item Syntax of Attribute Lists =back =item EXPORTS =over 4 =item Default exports =item Available exports =item Export tags defined =back =item EXAMPLES =item MORE EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 autodie - Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with lexical scope =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXCEPTIONS =item CATEGORIES =item FUNCTION SPECIFIC NOTES =over 4 =item print =item flock =item system/exec =back =item GOTCHAS =item DIAGNOSTICS :void cannot be used with lexical scope, No user hints defined for %s =item BUGS =over 4 =item autodie and string eval =item REPORTING BUGS =back =item FEEDBACK =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =back =head2 autodie::Scope::Guard - Wrapper class for calling subs at end of scope =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods =back =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 autodie::Scope::GuardStack - Hook stack for managing scopes via %^H =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods =back =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 autodie::Util - Internal Utility subroutines for autodie and Fatal =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods =back =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 autodie::exception - Exceptions from autodying functions. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Common Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Advanced methods =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item LICENSE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 autodie::exception::system - Exceptions from autodying system(). =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item stringify =back =over 4 =item LICENSE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 autodie::hints - Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Introduction =item What are hints? =item Example hints =back =item Manually setting hints from within your program =item Adding hints to your module =item Insisting on hints =back =over 4 =item Diagnostics Attempts to set_hints_for unidentifiable subroutine, fail hints cannot be provided with either scalar or list hints for %s, %s hint missing for %s =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 autodie::skip - Skip a package when throwing autodie exceptions =over 4 =item SYNPOSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 base - Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS Base class package "%s" is empty, Class 'Foo' tried to inherit from itself =item HISTORY =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item use integer vs. use bigint =item Options a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, hex, oct, l, lib, try or only, v or version =item Math Library =item Internal Format =item Sign =item Method calls =item Methods inf(), NaN(), e, PI, bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect() =back =item CAVEATS Operator vs literal overloading, ranges, in_effect(), hex()/oct() =item MODULES USED =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item SUPPORT =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Options a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version =item Methods =item Caveats inf(), NaN(), e, PI(), bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect() =item Math Library =item INTERNAL FORMAT =item SIGN =back =item CAVEATS Operator vs literal overloading, in_effect(), hex()/oct() =item MODULES USED =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Modules Used =item Math Library =item Sign =item Methods inf(), NaN(), e, PI, bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect() =item MATH LIBRARY =item Caveat =item Options a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version =back =item CAVEATS Operator vs literal overloading, in_effect(), hex()/oct() =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item SUPPORT =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to expose the individual bytes of characters =over 4 =item NOTICE =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 charnames - access to Unicode character names and named character sequences; also define character names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LOOSE MATCHES =item ALIASES =item CUSTOM ALIASES =item charnames::string_vianame(I<name>) =item charnames::vianame(I<name>) =item charnames::viacode(I<code>) =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS =item BUGS =back =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =over 4 =item List constants =item Defining multiple constants at once =item Magic constants =back =item TECHNICAL NOTES =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 deprecate - Perl pragma for deprecating the core version of a module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item EXPORT =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma =item The I<splain> Program =back =item EXAMPLES =item INTERNALS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ASCII and non-UTF-8 =over 4 =item WARNING =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<use encoding ['I<ENCNAME>'] ;>, C<use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;>, C<no encoding;> =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item Setting C<STDIN> and/or C<STDOUT> individually =item The C<:locale> sub-pragma =back =item CAVEATS =over 4 =item SIDE EFFECTS =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS =item Prior to Perl v5.22 =item Prior to Encode version 1.87 =item Prior to Perl v5.8.1 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, C<tr///>, Legend of characters above =back =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl =item BUGS Thread safety, Can't be used by more than one module in a single program, Other modules using C<STDIN> and C<STDOUT> get the encoded stream, literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, C<format>, See also L</CAVEATS> =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 encoding::warnings - Warn on implicit encoding conversions =over 4 =item VERSION =item NOTICE =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overview of the problem =item Detecting the problem =item Solving the problem Upgrade both sides to unicode-strings, Downgrade both sides to byte-strings, Specify the encoding for implicit byte-string upgrading, PerlIO layers for B<STDIN> and B<STDOUT>, Literal conversions, Implicit upgrading for byte-strings =back =item CAVEATS =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 experimental - Experimental features made easy =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Ordering matters =item Disclaimer =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 feature - Perl pragma to enable new features =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Lexical effect =item C<no feature> =back =item AVAILABLE FEATURES =over 4 =item The 'say' feature =item The 'state' feature =item The 'switch' feature =item The 'unicode_strings' feature =item The 'unicode_eval' and 'evalbytes' features =item The 'current_sub' feature =item The 'array_base' feature =item The 'fc' feature =item The 'lexical_subs' feature =item The 'postderef' and 'postderef_qq' features =item The 'signatures' feature =item The 'refaliasing' feature =item The 'bitwise' feature =item The 'declared_refs' feature =back =item FEATURE BUNDLES =item IMPLICIT LOADING =back =head2 fields - compile-time class fields =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new, phash =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Consider this carefully =item The "access" sub-pragma =item Limitation with regard to C<_> =back =back =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds (also can C<no> a module) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item EXAMPLES =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE =back =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FOR MODULE AUTHORS =over 4 =item C<< BOOLEAN = less->of( FEATURE ) >> =item C<< FEATURES = less->of() >> =back =item CAVEATS This probably does nothing, This works only on 5.10+ =back =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Adding directories to @INC =item Deleting directories from @INC =item Restoring original @INC =back =item CAVEATS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations =over 4 =item WARNING =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 mro - Method Resolution Order =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW =item The C3 MRO =over 4 =item What is C3? =item How does C3 work =back =item Functions =over 4 =item mro::get_linear_isa($classname[, $type]) =item mro::set_mro ($classname, $type) =item mro::get_mro($classname) =item mro::get_isarev($classname) =item mro::is_universal($classname) =item mro::invalidate_all_method_caches() =item mro::method_changed_in($classname) =item mro::get_pkg_gen($classname) =item next::method =item next::can =item maybe::next::method =back =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item The original Dylan paper L<http://haahr.tempdomainname.com/dylan/linearization-oopsla96.html> =item Pugs =item Parrot L<http://use.perl.org/~autrijus/journal/25768> =item Python 2.3 MRO related links L<http://www.python.org/2.3/mro.html>, L<http://www.python.org/2.2.2/descrintro.html#mro> =item Class::C3 L<Class::C3> =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ok - Alternative to Test::More::use_ok =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CC0 1.0 Universal =back =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 overload - Package for overloading Perl operations =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Fundamentals =item Overloadable Operations C<not>, C<neg>, C<++>, C<-->, I<Assignments>, I<Non-mutators with a mutator variant>, C<int>, I<String, numeric, boolean, and regexp conversions>, I<Iteration>, I<File tests>, I<Matching>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special> =item Magic Autogeneration =item Special Keys for C<use overload> defined, but FALSE, C<undef>, TRUE =item How Perl Chooses an Operator Implementation =item Losing Overloading =item Inheritance and Overloading Method names in the C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes =item Run-time Overloading =item Public Functions overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) =item Overloading Constants integer, float, binary, q, qr =back =item IMPLEMENTATION =item COOKBOOK =over 4 =item Two-face Scalars =item Two-face References =item Symbolic Calculator =item I<Really> Symbolic Calculator =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, '%s' is not an overloadable type, '%s' is not a code reference, overload arg '%s' is invalid =item BUGS AND PITFALLS =back =head2 overloading - perl pragma to lexically control overloading =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<no overloading>, C<no overloading @ops>, C<use overloading>, C<use overloading @ops> =back =head2 parent - Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item HISTORY =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS =item MAINTAINER =item LICENSE =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item 'taint' mode =item 'eval' mode =item 'strict' mode =item '/flags' mode =item 'debug' mode =item 'Debug' mode Compile related options, COMPILE, PARSE, OPTIMISE, TRIEC, DUMP, FLAGS, TEST, Execute related options, EXECUTE, MATCH, TRIEE, INTUIT, Extra debugging options, EXTRA, BUFFERS, TRIEM, STATE, STACK, GPOS, OPTIMISEM, OFFSETS, OFFSETSDBG, Other useful flags, ALL, All, MORE, More =item Exportable Functions is_regexp($ref), regexp_pattern($ref), regmust($ref), regname($name,$all), regnames($all), regnames_count() =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler> =item SIGNAL LISTS B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals> =item OTHER B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number> =back =item EXAMPLES =back =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =back =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs> =item HISTORY =back =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 threads - Perl interpreter-based threads =over 4 =item VERSION =item WARNING =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $thr = threads->create(FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr->join(), $thr->detach(), threads->detach(), threads->self(), $thr->tid(), threads->tid(), "$thr", threads->object($tid), threads->yield(), threads->list(), threads->list(threads::all), threads->list(threads::running), threads->list(threads::joinable), $thr1->equal($thr2), async BLOCK;, $thr->error(), $thr->_handle(), threads->_handle() =item EXITING A THREAD threads->exit(), threads->exit(status), die(), exit(status), use threads 'exit' => 'threads_only', threads->create({'exit' => 'thread_only'}, ...), $thr->set_thread_exit_only(boolean), threads->set_thread_exit_only(boolean) =item THREAD STATE $thr->is_running(), $thr->is_joinable(), $thr->is_detached(), threads->is_detached() =item THREAD CONTEXT =over 4 =item Explicit context =item Implicit context =item $thr->wantarray() =item threads->wantarray() =back =item THREAD STACK SIZE threads->get_stack_size();, $size = $thr->get_stack_size();, $old_size = threads->set_stack_size($new_size);, use threads ('stack_size' => VALUE);, $ENV{'PERL5_ITHREADS_STACK_SIZE'}, threads->create({'stack_size' => VALUE}, FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr2 = $thr1->create(FUNCTION, ARGS) =item THREAD SIGNALLING $thr->kill('SIG...'); =item WARNINGS Perl exited with active threads:, Thread creation failed: pthread_create returned #, Thread # terminated abnormally: .., Using minimum thread stack size of #, Thread creation failed: pthread_attr_setstacksize(I<SIZE>) returned 22 =item ERRORS This Perl not built to support threads, Cannot change stack size of an existing thread, Cannot signal threads without safe signals, Unrecognized signal name: .. =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS Thread-safe modules, Using non-thread-safe modules, Memory consumption, Current working directory, Environment variables, Catching signals, Parent-child threads, Creating threads inside special blocks, Unsafe signals, Perl has been built with C<PERL_OLD_SIGNALS> (see C<perl -V>), The environment variable C<PERL_SIGNALS> is set to C<unsafe> (see L<perlrun/"PERL_SIGNALS">), The module L<Perl::Unsafe::Signals> is used, Returning closures from threads, Returning objects from threads, END blocks in threads, Open directory handles, Detached threads and global destruction, Perl Bugs and the CPAN Version of L<threads> =item REQUIREMENTS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =back =head2 threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORT =item FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, shared_clone REF, is_shared VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE =item OBJECTS =item NOTES =item WARNINGS cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable, cond_signal() called on unlocked variable =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Utility functions C<$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string)>, C<$success = utf8::downgrade($string[, $fail_ok])>, C<utf8::encode($string)>, C<$success = utf8::decode($string)>, C<$unicode = utf8::native_to_unicode($code_point)>, C<$native = utf8::unicode_to_native($code_point)>, C<$flag = utf8::is_utf8($string)>, C<$flag = utf8::valid($string)> =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item TYPES OF VERSION OBJECTS Decimal Versions, Dotted Decimal Versions =item DECLARING VERSIONS =over 4 =item How to convert a module from decimal to dotted-decimal =item How to C<declare()> a dotted-decimal version =back =item PARSING AND COMPARING VERSIONS =over 4 =item How to C<parse()> a version =item How to check for a legal version string C<is_lax()>, C<is_strict()> =item How to compare version objects =back =item OBJECT METHODS =over 4 =item is_alpha() =item is_qv() =item normal() =item numify() =item stringify() =back =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item qv() =item is_lax() =item is_strict() =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 version::Internals - Perl extension for Version Objects =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item WHAT IS A VERSION? Decimal versions, Dotted-Decimal versions =over 4 =item Decimal Versions =item Dotted-Decimal Versions =item Alpha Versions =item Regular Expressions for Version Parsing C<$version::LAX>, C<$version::STRICT>, v1.234.5 =back =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS =over 4 =item Equivalence between Decimal and Dotted-Decimal Versions =item Quoting Rules =item What about v-strings? =item Version Object Internals original, qv, alpha, version =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION =back =item USAGE DETAILS =over 4 =item Using modules that use version.pm Decimal versions always work, Dotted-Decimal version work sometimes =item Object Methods new(), qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison operators, Logical Operators =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed> =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X> =item Backward Compatibility =item Category Hierarchy X<warning, categories> =item Fatal Warnings X<warning, fatal> =item Reporting Warnings from a Module X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering> =back =item FUNCTIONS use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::fatal_enabled(), warnings::fatal_enabled($category), warnings::fatal_enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message), warnings::register_categories(@names) =back =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item DBM Comparisons [0], [1], [2], [3] =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 App::Cpan - easily interact with CPAN from the command line =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Options -a, -A module [ module ... ], -c module, -C module [ module ... ], -D module [ module ... ], -f, -F, -g module [ module ... ], -G module [ module ... ], -h, -i module [ module ... ], -I, -j Config.pm, -J, -l, -L author [ author ... ], -m, -M mirror1,mirror2,.., -n, -O, -p, -P, -r, -s, -t module [ module ... ], -T, -u, -v, -V, -w, -x module [ module ... ], -I<X> =item Examples =item Environment variables NONINTERACTIVE_TESTING, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, CPAN_OPTS, CPANSCRIPT_LOGLEVEL, GIT_COMMAND =item Methods =back =back run() =over 4 =item EXIT VALUES =item TO DO =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item SOURCE AVAILABILITY =item CREDITS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 App::Prove - Implements the C<prove> command. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Attributes C<archive>, C<argv>, C<backwards>, C<blib>, C<color>, C<directives>, C<dry>, C<exec>, C<extensions>, C<failures>, C<comments>, C<formatter>, C<harness>, C<ignore_exit>, C<includes>, C<jobs>, C<lib>, C<merge>, C<modules>, C<parse>, C<plugins>, C<quiet>, C<really_quiet>, C<recurse>, C<rules>, C<show_count>, C<show_help>, C<show_man>, C<show_version>, C<shuffle>, C<state>, C<state_class>, C<taint_fail>, C<taint_warn>, C<test_args>, C<timer>, C<verbose>, C<warnings_fail>, C<warnings_warn>, C<tapversion>, C<trap> =back =over 4 =item PLUGINS =over 4 =item Sample Plugin =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 App::Prove::State - State storage for the C<prove> command. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods C<store>, C<extensions> (optional), C<result_class> (optional) =back =back =over 4 =item C<result_class> =back =over 4 =item C<extensions> =back =over 4 =item C<results> =back =over 4 =item C<commit> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods C<last>, C<failed>, C<passed>, C<all>, C<hot>, C<todo>, C<slow>, C<fast>, C<new>, C<old>, C<save> =back =head2 App::Prove::State::Result - Individual test suite results. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item C<state_version> =back =over 4 =item C<test_class> =back =head2 App::Prove::State::Result::Test - Individual test results. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 Archive::Tar - module for manipulations of tar archives =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Object Methods =over 4 =item Archive::Tar->new( [$file, $compressed] ) =back =back =over 4 =item $tar->read ( $filename|$handle, [$compressed, {opt => 'val'}] ) limit, filter, md5, extract =back =over 4 =item $tar->contains_file( $filename ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->extract( [@filenames] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->extract_file( $file, [$extract_path] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->list_files( [\@properties] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->get_files( [@filenames] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->get_content( $file ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->replace_content( $file, $content ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->rename( $file, $new_name ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->chmod( $file, $mode ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->chown( $file, $uname [, $gname] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->remove (@filenamelist) =back =over 4 =item $tar->clear =back =over 4 =item $tar->write ( [$file, $compressed, $prefix] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->add_files( @filenamelist ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->add_data ( $filename, $data, [$opthashref] ) FILE, HARDLINK, SYMLINK, CHARDEV, BLOCKDEV, DIR, FIFO, SOCKET =back =over 4 =item $tar->error( [$BOOL] ) =back =over 4 =item $tar->setcwd( $cwd ); =back =over 4 =item Class Methods =over 4 =item Archive::Tar->create_archive($file, $compressed, @filelist) =back =back =over 4 =item Archive::Tar->iter( $filename, [ $compressed, {opt => $val} ] ) =back =over 4 =item Archive::Tar->list_archive($file, $compressed, [\@properties]) =back =over 4 =item Archive::Tar->extract_archive($file, $compressed) =back =over 4 =item $bool = Archive::Tar->has_io_string =back =over 4 =item $bool = Archive::Tar->has_perlio =back =over 4 =item $bool = Archive::Tar->has_zlib_support =back =over 4 =item $bool = Archive::Tar->has_bzip2_support =back =over 4 =item Archive::Tar->can_handle_compressed_files =back =over 4 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES =over 4 =item $Archive::Tar::FOLLOW_SYMLINK =item $Archive::Tar::CHOWN =item $Archive::Tar::CHMOD =item $Archive::Tar::SAME_PERMISSIONS =item $Archive::Tar::DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX =item $Archive::Tar::DEBUG =item $Archive::Tar::WARN =item $Archive::Tar::error =item $Archive::Tar::INSECURE_EXTRACT_MODE =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING =item $Archive::Tar::ZERO_PAD_NUMBERS =item Tuning the way RESOLVE_SYMLINK will works =back =back =over 4 =item FAQ What's the minimum perl version required to run Archive::Tar?, Isn't Archive::Tar slow?, Isn't Archive::Tar heavier on memory than /bin/tar?, Can you lazy-load data instead?, How much memory will an X kb tar file need?, What do you do with unsupported filetypes in an archive?, I'm using WinZip, or some other non-POSIX client, and files are not being extracted properly!, How do I extract only files that have property X from an archive?, How do I access .tar.Z files?, How do I handle Unicode strings? =item CAVEATS =item TODO Check if passed in handles are open for read/write, Allow archives to be passed in as string, Facilitate processing an opened filehandle of a compressed archive =item SEE ALSO The GNU tar specification, The PAX format specification, A comparison of GNU and POSIX tar standards; C<http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/tar/tar_114.html>, GNU tar intends to switch to POSIX compatibility, A Comparison between various tar implementations =item AUTHOR =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Archive::Tar::File - a subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Accessors name, mode, uid, gid, size, mtime, chksum, type, linkname, magic, version, uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix, raw =back =item Methods =over 4 =item Archive::Tar::File->new( file => $path ) =item Archive::Tar::File->new( data => $path, $data, $opt ) =item Archive::Tar::File->new( chunk => $chunk ) =back =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->extract( [ $alternative_name ] ) =back =over 4 =item $path = $file->full_path =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->validate =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->has_content =back =over 4 =item $content = $file->get_content =back =over 4 =item $cref = $file->get_content_by_ref =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->replace_content( $content ) =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->rename( $new_name ) =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->chmod $mode) =back =over 4 =item $bool = $file->chown( $user [, $group]) =back =over 4 =item Convenience methods $file->is_file, $file->is_dir, $file->is_hardlink, $file->is_symlink, $file->is_chardev, $file->is_blockdev, $file->is_fifo, $file->is_socket, $file->is_longlink, $file->is_label, $file->is_unknown =back =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] =over 4 =item Typed lexicals =item Type-specific attribute handlers =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers =item Phase-specific attribute handlers =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces =back =item EXAMPLES =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS findsym =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>, C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't be able to apply END handler> =item AUTHOR =item BUGS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Subroutine Stubs =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine =item Package Lexicals =item Not Using AutoLoader =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader> =item Forcing AutoLoader to Load a Function =back =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime =over 4 =item Multiple packages =back =item DIAGNOSTICS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 B - The Perl Compiler Backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW =item Utility Functions =over 4 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV> objects sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av, check_av, unitcheck_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX) =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG) =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), safename(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names =item Exported utility variables @optype, @specialsv_name =back =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES =over 4 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES =item B::SV Methods REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref =item B::IV Methods IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv =item B::NV Methods NV, NVX, COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW, COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH =item B::RV Methods RV =item B::PV Methods PV, RV, PVX, CUR, LEN =item B::PVMG Methods MAGIC, SvSTASH =item B::MAGIC Methods MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX =item B::PVLV Methods TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG =item B::BM Methods USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE =item B::REGEXP Methods REGEX, precomp, qr_anoncv, compflags =item B::GV Methods is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS, GPFLAGS =item B::IO Methods LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD =item B::AV Methods FILL, MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, OFF, AvFLAGS =item B::CV Methods STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv, NAME_HEK =item B::HV Methods FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, ARRAY, PMROOT =item OP-RELATED CLASSES =item B::OP Methods next, sibling, parent, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, flags, private, spare =item B::UNOP Method first =item B::UNOP_AUX Methods (since 5.22) aux_list(cv), string(cv) =item B::BINOP Method last =item B::LOGOP Method other =item B::LISTOP Method children =item B::PMOP Methods pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmflags, extflags, precomp, pmoffset, code_list, pmregexp =item B::SVOP Methods sv, gv =item B::PADOP Method padix =item B::PVOP Method pv =item B::LOOP Methods redoop, nextop, lastop =item B::COP Methods label, stash, stashpv, stashoff (threaded only), file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io, hints, hints_hash =item B::METHOP Methods (Since Perl 5.22) first, meth_sv =item PAD-RELATED CLASSES =item B::PADLIST Methods MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, NAMES, REFCNT, id, outid =item B::PADNAMELIST Methods MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, REFCNT =item B::PADNAME Methods PV, PVX, LEN, REFCNT, FLAGS, TYPE, SvSTASH, OURSTASH, PROTOCV, COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW, COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH, PARENT_PAD_INDEX, PARENT_FAKELEX_FLAGS =item $B::overlay =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item Options for Opcode Ordering B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree> =item Options for Line-Style B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> =item Options for tree-specific formatting B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii> =item Options controlling sequence numbering B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian> =item Other options B<-src>, B<-stash="somepackage">, B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref =item Option Stickiness =back =item ABBREVIATIONS =over 4 =item OP class abbreviations =item OP flags abbreviations =back =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS =over 4 =item Special Patterns B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>, B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>, B<~> =item # Variables B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hints>, B<#hintsval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> =back =item One-Liner Command tips perl -MO=Concise,bar foo.pl, perl -MDigest::MD5=md5 -MO=Concise,md5 -e1, perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,_POSIX_ARG_MAX -e1, perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'print _POSIX_SAVED_IDS', perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'sub a{_POSIX_SAVED_IDS}', perl -MB::Concise -e 'B::Concise::compile("-exec","-src", \%B::Concise::)->()' =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework =over 4 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings =item set_style() =item set_style_standard($name) =item add_style () =item add_callback () =item Running B::Concise::compile() =item B::Concise::reset_sequence() =item Errors =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL> =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE =over 4 =item Synopsis =item Description =item new =item ambient_pragmas strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits, %^H =item coderef2text =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Op_private - OP op_private flag definitions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item C<%bits> =item C<%defines> =item C<%labels> =item C<%ops_using> =back =back =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item OPTIONS =back =item SEE ALSO =item TODO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION i, &, s, r =item OPTIONS C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]> =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods new, debug, iters =item Standard Exports timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) =item Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) =item :hireswallclock =back =item Benchmark Object cpu_p, cpu_c, cpu_a, real, iters =item NOTES =item EXAMPLES =item INHERITANCE =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =back =head2 CORE - Namespace for Perl's core routines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDING CORE FUNCTIONS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item CPAN::shell([$prompt, $command]) Starting Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, C<get>, C<make>, C<test>, C<install>, C<clean> modules or distributions, C<readme>, C<perldoc>, C<look> module or distribution, C<ls> author, C<ls> globbing_expression, C<failed>, Persistence between sessions, The C<force> and the C<fforce> pragma, Lockfile, Signals =item CPAN::Shell =item autobundle =item hosts install_tested, is_tested =item mkmyconfig =item r [Module|/Regexp/]... =item recent ***EXPERIMENTAL COMMAND*** =item recompile =item report Bundle|Distribution|Module =item smoke ***EXPERIMENTAL COMMAND*** =item upgrade [Module|/Regexp/]... =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution =item Integrating local directories =item Redirection =item Plugin support ***EXPERIMENTAL*** =back =item CONFIGURATION completion support, displaying some help: o conf help, displaying current values: o conf [KEY], changing of scalar values: o conf KEY VALUE, changing of list values: o conf KEY SHIFT|UNSHIFT|PUSH|POP|SPLICE|LIST, reverting to saved: o conf defaults, saving the config: o conf commit =over 4 =item Config Variables C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt> E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>, interactive editing: o conf init [MATCH|LIST] =item CPAN::anycwd($path): Note on config variable getcwd cwd, getcwd, fastcwd, getdcwd, backtickcwd =item Note on the format of the urllist parameter =item The urllist parameter has CD-ROM support =item Maintaining the urllist parameter =item The C<requires> and C<build_requires> dependency declarations =item Configuration for individual distributions (I<Distroprefs>) =item Filenames =item Fallback Data::Dumper and Storable =item Blueprint =item Language Specs comment [scalar], cpanconfig [hash], depends [hash] *** EXPERIMENTAL FEATURE ***, disabled [boolean], features [array] *** EXPERIMENTAL FEATURE ***, goto [string], install [hash], make [hash], match [hash], patches [array], pl [hash], test [hash] =item Processing Instructions args [array], commandline, eexpect [hash], env [hash], expect [array] =item Schema verification with C<Kwalify> =item Example Distroprefs Files =back =item PROGRAMMER'S INTERFACE expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples =over 4 =item Methods in the other Classes CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::author, CPAN::Distribution::pretty_id(), CPAN::Distribution::base_id(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::perldoc(), CPAN::Distribution::prefs(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::reports(), CPAN::Distribution::read_yaml(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::distribution(), CPAN::Module::dslip_status(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::available_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::available_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::perldoc(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::reports(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() =item Cache Manager =item Bundles =back =item PREREQUISITES =item UTILITIES =over 4 =item Finding packages and VERSION =item Debugging o debug package.., o debug -package.., o debug all, o debug number =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode =item Basic Utilities for Programmers has_inst($module), use_inst($module), has_usable($module), instance($module), frontend(), frontend($new_frontend) =back =item SECURITY =over 4 =item Cryptographically signed modules =back =item EXPORT =item ENVIRONMENT =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS =over 4 =item Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One-way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall =back =item FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), 11), 12), 13), 14), 15), 16), 17), 18) =item COMPATIBILITY =over 4 =item OLD PERL VERSIONS =item CPANPLUS =item CPANMINUS =back =item SECURITY ADVICE =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item TRANSLATIONS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN::API::HOWTO - a recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm =over 4 =item RECIPES =over 4 =item What distribution contains a particular module? =item What modules does a particular distribution contain? =back =item SEE ALSO =item LICENSE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 CPAN::Debug - internal debugging for CPAN.pm =over 4 =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Distroprefs -- read and match distroprefs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item INTERFACE a CPAN::Distroprefs::Result object, C<undef>, indicating that no prefs files remain to be found =item RESULTS =over 4 =item Common =item Errors =item Successes =back =item PREFS =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back auto_commit, build_cache, build_dir, build_dir_reuse, build_requires_install_policy, cache_metadata, check_sigs, cleanup_after_install, colorize_output, colorize_print, colorize_warn, colorize_debug, commandnumber_in_prompt, connect_to_internet_ok, ftp_passive, ftpstats_period, ftpstats_size, getcwd, halt_on_failure, histfile, histsize, inactivity_timeout, index_expire, inhibit_startup_message, keep_source_where, load_module_verbosity, makepl_arg, make_arg, make_install_arg, make_install_make_command, mbuildpl_arg, mbuild_arg, mbuild_install_arg, mbuild_install_build_command, pager, prefer_installer, prefs_dir, prerequisites_policy, randomize_urllist, recommends_policy, scan_cache, shell, show_unparsable_versions, show_upload_date, show_zero_versions, suggests_policy, tar_verbosity, term_is_latin, term_ornaments, test_report, perl5lib_verbosity, prefer_external_tar, trust_test_report_history, use_prompt_default, use_sqlite, version_timeout, yaml_load_code, yaml_module =over 4 =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::HandleConfig - internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm =over 4 =item C<< CLASS->safe_quote ITEM >> =back =over 4 =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Kwalify - Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION _validate($schema_name, $data, $file, $doc), yaml($schema_name) =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta - the distribution metadata for a CPAN dist =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item create =item load_file =item load_yaml_string =item load_json_string =item load_string =item save =item meta_spec_version =item effective_prereqs =item should_index_file =item should_index_package =item features =item feature =item as_struct =item as_string =back =item STRING DATA =item LIST DATA =item MAP DATA =item CUSTOM DATA =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =over 4 =item Bugs / Feature Requests =item Source Code =back =item AUTHORS =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Converter - Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item convert =item upgrade_fragment =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Feature - an optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item identifier =item description =item prereqs =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::History - history of CPAN Meta Spec changes =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =item HISTORY =over 4 =item Version 2 =item Version 1.4 =item Version 1.3 =item Version 1.2 =item Version 1.1 =item Version 1.0 =back =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0 - Version 1.0 metadata specification for META.yml =over 4 =item PREFACE =item DESCRIPTION =item Format =item Fields name, version, license, perl, gpl, lgpl, artistic, bsd, open_source, unrestricted, restrictive, distribution_type, requires, recommends, build_requires, conflicts, dynamic_config, generated_by =item Related Projects DOAP =item History =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1 - Version 1.1 metadata specification for META.yml =over 4 =item PREFACE =item DESCRIPTION =item Format =item Fields name, version, license, perl, gpl, lgpl, artistic, bsd, open_source, unrestricted, restrictive, license_uri, distribution_type, private, requires, recommends, build_requires, conflicts, dynamic_config, generated_by =over 4 =item Ingy's suggestions short_description, description, maturity, author_id, owner_id, categorization, keyword, chapter_id, URL for further information, namespaces =back =item History =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2 - Version 1.2 metadata specification for META.yml =over 4 =item PREFACE =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FORMAT =item TERMINOLOGY distribution, module =item VERSION SPECIFICATIONS =item HEADER =item FIELDS =over 4 =item meta-spec =item name =item version =item abstract =item author =item license perl, gpl, lgpl, artistic, bsd, open_source, unrestricted, restrictive =item distribution_type =item requires =item recommends =item build_requires =item conflicts =item dynamic_config =item private =item provides =item no_index =item keywords =item resources homepage, license, bugtracker =item generated_by =back =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY March 14, 2003 (Pi day), May 8, 2003, November 13, 2003, November 16, 2003, December 9, 2003, December 15, 2003, July 26, 2005, August 23, 2005 =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3 - Version 1.3 metadata specification for META.yml =over 4 =item PREFACE =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FORMAT =item TERMINOLOGY distribution, module =item HEADER =item FIELDS =over 4 =item meta-spec =item name =item version =item abstract =item author =item license apache, artistic, bsd, gpl, lgpl, mit, mozilla, open_source, perl, restrictive, unrestricted =item distribution_type =item requires =item recommends =item build_requires =item conflicts =item dynamic_config =item private =item provides =item no_index =item keywords =item resources homepage, license, bugtracker =item generated_by =back =item VERSION SPECIFICATIONS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY March 14, 2003 (Pi day), May 8, 2003, November 13, 2003, November 16, 2003, December 9, 2003, December 15, 2003, July 26, 2005, August 23, 2005 =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4 - Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml =over 4 =item PREFACE =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FORMAT =item TERMINOLOGY distribution, module =item HEADER =item FIELDS =over 4 =item meta-spec =item name =item version =item abstract =item author =item license apache, artistic, bsd, gpl, lgpl, mit, mozilla, open_source, perl, restrictive, unrestricted =item distribution_type =item requires =item recommends =item build_requires =item configure_requires =item conflicts =item dynamic_config =item private =item provides =item no_index =item keywords =item resources homepage, license, bugtracker =item generated_by =back =item VERSION SPECIFICATIONS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY March 14, 2003 (Pi day), May 8, 2003, November 13, 2003, November 16, 2003, December 9, 2003, December 15, 2003, July 26, 2005, August 23, 2005, June 12, 2007 =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Merge - Merging CPAN Meta fragments =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item merge(@fragments) =back =item MERGE STRATEGIES identical, set_addition, uniq_map, improvise =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Prereqs - a set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type =over 4 =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item requirements_for =item phases =item types_in =item with_merged_prereqs =item merged_requirements =item as_string_hash =item is_finalized =item finalize =item clone =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Requirements - a set of version requirements for a CPAN dist =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item add_minimum =item add_maximum =item add_exclusion =item exact_version =item add_requirements =item accepts_module =item clear_requirement =item requirements_for_module =item structured_requirements_for_module =item required_modules =item clone =item is_simple =item is_finalized =item finalize =item as_string_hash =item add_string_requirement >= 1.3, <= 1.3, != 1.3, > 1.3, < 1.3, >= 1.3, != 1.5, <= 2.0 =item from_string_hash =back =item SUPPORT =over 4 =item Bugs / Feature Requests =item Source Code =back =item AUTHORS =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Spec - specification for CPAN distribution metadata =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item TERMINOLOGY distribution, module, package, consumer, producer, must, should, may, etc =item DATA TYPES =over 4 =item Boolean =item String =item List =item Map =item License String =item URL =item Version =item Version Range =back =item STRUCTURE =over 4 =item REQUIRED FIELDS version, url, stable, testing, unstable =item OPTIONAL FIELDS file, directory, package, namespace, description, prereqs, file, version, homepage, license, bugtracker, repository =item DEPRECATED FIELDS =back =item VERSION NUMBERS =over 4 =item Version Formats Decimal versions, Dotted-integer versions =item Version Ranges =back =item PREREQUISITES =over 4 =item Prereq Spec configure, build, test, runtime, develop, requires, recommends, suggests, conflicts =item Merging and Resolving Prerequisites =back =item SERIALIZATION =item NOTES FOR IMPLEMENTORS =over 4 =item Extracting Version Numbers from Perl Modules =item Comparing Version Numbers =item Prerequisites for dynamically configured distributions =item Indexing distributions a la PAUSE =back =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::Validator - validate CPAN distribution metadata structures =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item is_valid =item errors =item Check Methods =item Validator Methods =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Meta::YAML - Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back new( LOCAL_FILE_NAME ) continents() countries( [CONTINENTS] ) mirrors( [COUNTRIES] ) get_mirrors_by_countries( [COUNTRIES] ) get_mirrors_by_continents( [CONTINENTS] ) get_countries_by_continents( [CONTINENTS] ) default_mirror best_mirrors get_n_random_mirrors_by_continents( N, [CONTINENTS] ) get_mirrors_timings( MIRROR_LIST, SEEN, CALLBACK ); find_best_continents( HASH_REF ); =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN::Plugin - Base class for CPAN shell extensions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Alpha Status =item How Plugins work? =back =item METHODS =over 4 =item plugin_requires =item distribution_object =item distribution =item distribution_info =item build_dir =item is_xs =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 CPAN::Plugin::Specfile - Proof of concept implementation of a trivial CPAN::Plugin =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OPTIONS =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 CPAN::Queue - internal queue support for CPAN.pm =over 4 =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Tarzip - internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm =over 4 =item LICENSE =back =head2 CPAN::Version - utility functions to compare CPAN versions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LICENSE =back =head2 Carp - alternative warn and die for modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Forcing a Stack Trace =item Stack Trace formatting =back =item GLOBAL VARIABLES =over 4 =item $Carp::MaxEvalLen =item $Carp::MaxArgLen =item $Carp::MaxArgNums =item $Carp::Verbose =item $Carp::RefArgFormatter =item @CARP_NOT =item %Carp::Internal =item %Carp::CarpInternal =item $Carp::CarpLevel =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item CONTRIBUTING =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =item LICENSE =back =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The C<struct()> function =item Class Creation at Compile Time =item Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) =item Initializing with C<new> =back =item EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 =item Author and Modification History =back =head2 Compress::Raw::Bzip2 - Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Compression =over 4 =item ($z, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Bzip2 $appendOutput, $blockSize100k, $workfactor; B<$appendOutput>, B<$blockSize100k>, B<$workfactor> =item $status = $bz->bzdeflate($input, $output); =item $status = $bz->bzflush($output); =item $status = $bz->bzclose($output); =item Example =back =item Uncompression =over 4 =item ($z, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Bunzip2 $appendOutput, $consumeInput, $small, $verbosity, $limitOutput; B<$appendOutput>, B<$consumeInput>, B<$small>, B<$limitOutput>, B<$verbosity> =item $status = $z->bzinflate($input, $output); =back =item Misc =over 4 =item my $version = Compress::Raw::Bzip2::bzlibversion(); =back =item Constants =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Compress::Raw::Zlib - Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate =over 4 =item B<($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) > B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32> =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflate($input, $output)> =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>flush($output [, $flush_type]) > =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateReset() > =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])> B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>, B<-BufSize> =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy, $nice_length, $max_chain)> =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()> =item B<$d-E<gt>crc32()> =item B<$d-E<gt>adler32()> =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()> =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()> =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()> =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Strategy()> =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Level()> =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()> =item Example =back =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate =over 4 =item B< ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) > B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32>, B<-ConsumeInput>, B<-LimitOutput> =item B< $status = $i-E<gt>inflate($input, $output [,$eof]) > =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($input)> =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateReset() > =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()> =item B<$i-E<gt>crc32()> =item B<$i-E<gt>adler32()> =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()> =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()> =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()> =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()> =item Examples =back =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS =item Misc =over 4 =item my $version = Compress::Raw::Zlib::zlib_version(); =item my $flags = Compress::Raw::Zlib::zlibCompileFlags(); =back =item The LimitOutput option. =item ACCESSING ZIP FILES =item FAQ =over 4 =item Compatibility with Unix compress/uncompress. =item Accessing .tar.Z files =item Zlib Library Version Support =back =item CONSTANTS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib compression library =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1 =back =item GZIP INTERFACE B<$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)>, B<$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)>, B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>, B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>, B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer) ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush_type) ;>, B<$offset = $gz-E<gt>gztell() ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzseek($offset, $whence) ;>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>, B<$level>, B<$strategy>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>, B<$gzerrno> =over 4 =item Examples =item Compress::Zlib::memGzip =item Compress::Zlib::memGunzip =back =item COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>, B<$dest = uncompress($source) ;> =item Deflate Interface =over 4 =item B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )> B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize> =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)> =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush()> =head2 B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush($flush_type)> =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])> B<-Level>, B<-Strategy> =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()> =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()> =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()> =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()> =item Example =back =item Inflate Interface =over 4 =item B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()> B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary> =item B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)> =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)> =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()> =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()> =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()> =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()> =item Example =back =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS =item Misc =over 4 =item my $version = Compress::Zlib::zlib_version(); =back =item CONSTANTS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names), bincompat_options(), non_bincompat_options(), compile_date(), local_patches(), header_files() =item EXAMPLE =item WARNING =item GLOSSARY =back =over 4 =item _ =back C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> =over 4 =item a =back C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname>, C<archname64>, C<archobjs>, C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk> =over 4 =item b =back C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bin_ELF>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder> =over 4 =item c =back C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>, C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>, C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charbits>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>, C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<config_arg0>, C<config_argc>, C<config_args>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto> =over 4 =item d =back C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_acosh>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime64>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_asinh>, C<d_atanh>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribute_deprecated>, C<d_attribute_format>, C<d_attribute_malloc>, C<d_attribute_nonnull>, C<d_attribute_noreturn>, C<d_attribute_pure>, C<d_attribute_unused>, C<d_attribute_warn_unused_result>, C<d_backtrace>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_builtin_choose_expr>, C<d_builtin_expect>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_c99_variadic_macros>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_cbrt>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_clearenv>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_copysign>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_cplusplus>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime64>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_difftime64>, C<d_dir_dd_fd>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dladdr>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_double_has_inf>, C<d_double_has_nan>, C<d_double_has_negative_zero>, C<d_double_has_subnormals>, C<d_double_style_cray>, C<d_double_style_ibm>, C<d_double_style_ieee>, C<d_double_style_vax>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_duplocale>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_erf>, C<d_erfc>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_exp2>, C<d_expm1>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fdclose>, C<d_fdim>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fegetround>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fma>, C<d_fmax>, C<d_fmin>, C<d_fdopendir>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fp_classify>, C<d_fp_classl>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpgetround>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_freelocale>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_futimes>, C<d_gai_strerror>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_gdbm_ndbm_h_uses_prototypes>, C<d_gdbmndbm_h_uses_prototypes>, C<d_getaddrinfo>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnameinfo>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime64>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_hypot>, C<d_ilogb>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_inc_version_list>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_inetntop>, C<d_inetpton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_ip_mreq>, C<d_ip_mreq_source>, C<d_ipv6_mreq>, C<d_ipv6_mreq_source>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isblank>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isfinitel>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isinfl>, C<d_isless>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_isnormal>, C<d_j0>, C<d_j0l>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lc_monetary_2008>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_ldexpl>, C<d_lgamma>, C<d_lgamma_r>, C<d_libm_lib_version>, C<d_libname_unique>, C<d_link>, C<d_llrint>, C<d_llrintl>, C<d_llround>, C<d_llroundl>, C<d_localtime64>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_localtime_r_needs_tzset>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_log1p>, C<d_log2>, C<d_logb>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_long_double_style_ieee>, C<d_long_double_style_ieee_doubledouble>, C<d_long_double_style_ieee_extended>, C<d_long_double_style_ieee_std>, C<d_long_double_style_vax>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lrint>, C<d_lrintl>, C<d_lround>, C<d_lroundl>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_malloc_good_size>, C<d_malloc_size>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmem>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mktime64>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modflproto>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nan>, C<d_ndbm>, C<d_ndbm_h_uses_prototypes>, C<d_nearbyint>, C<d_newlocale>, C<d_nextafter>, C<d_nexttoward>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_zero_is_allbits_zero>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_prctl>, C<d_prctl_set_name>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_printf_format_null>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pseudofork>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_ptrdiff_t>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_querylocale>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_re_comp>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir64_r>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_regcmp>, C<d_regcomp>, C<d_remainder>, C<d_remquo>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rint>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_round>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbn>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_siginfo_si_addr>, C<d_siginfo_si_band>, C<d_siginfo_si_errno>, C<d_siginfo_si_fd>, C<d_siginfo_si_pid>, C<d_siginfo_si_status>, C<d_siginfo_si_uid>, C<d_siginfo_si_value>, C<d_signbit>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sin6_scope_id>, C<d_sitearch>, C<d_snprintf>, C<d_sockaddr_in6>, C<d_sockaddr_sa_len>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sprintf_returns_strlen>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_stat>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_static_inline>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_l>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_tgamma>, C<d_time>, C<d_timegm>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_trunc>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_truncl>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_unsetenv>, C<d_uselocale>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_vsnprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcscmp>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wcsxfrm>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>, C<default_inc_excludes_dot>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doubleinfbytes>, C<doublekind>, C<doublemantbits>, C<doublenanbytes>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dtrace>, C<dtraceobject>, C<dtracexnolibs>, C<dynamic_ext> =over 4 =item e =back C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>, C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>, C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extern_C>, C<extras> =over 4 =item f =back C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>, C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed> =over 4 =item g =back C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip> =over 4 =item h =back C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<hostgenerate>, C<hostosname>, C<hostperl>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>, C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp> =over 4 =item i =back C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>, C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_assert>, C<i_bfd>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_execinfo>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_fenv>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_gdbm_ndbm>, C<i_gdbmndbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_mallocmalloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_quadmath>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stdbool>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdint>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_syspoll>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<i_xlocale>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<incpth>, C<inews>, C<initialinstalllocation>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>, C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>, C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>, C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>, C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype> =over 4 =item k =back C<known_extensions>, C<ksh> =over 4 =item l =back C<ld>, C<ld_can_script>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>, C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>, C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblinfbytes>, C<longdblkind>, C<longdblmantbits>, C<longdblnanbytes>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype> =over 4 =item m =back C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>, C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>, C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname> =over 4 =item n =back C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_overflows_integers_at>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvmantbits>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype> =over 4 =item o =back C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>, C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs> =over 4 =item p =back C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl>, C<perl5> =over 4 =item P =back C<PERL_API_REVISION>, C<PERL_API_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_API_VERSION>, C<PERL_CONFIG_SH>, C<PERL_PATCHLEVEL>, C<perl_patchlevel>, C<PERL_REVISION>, C<perl_static_inline>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>, C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize> =over 4 =item q =back C<quadkind>, C<quadtype> =over 4 =item r =back C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rm_try>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm> =over 4 =item s =back C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>, C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>, C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>, C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sGMTIME_max>, C<sGMTIME_min>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>, C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<sLOCALTIME_max>, C<sLOCALTIME_min>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<st_ino_sign>, C<st_ino_size>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>, C<sysroot> =over 4 =item t =back C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<targetdir>, C<targetenv>, C<targethost>, C<targetmkdir>, C<targetport>, C<targetsh>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>, C<ttyname_r_proto> =over 4 =item u =back C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>, C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>, C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>, C<use64bitint>, C<usecbacktrace>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedevel>, C<usedl>, C<usedtrace>, C<usefaststdio>, C<useithreads>, C<usekernprocpathname>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<usensgetexecutablepath>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usequadmath>, C<usereentrant>, C<userelocatableinc>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesitecustomize>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<useversionedarchname>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat> =over 4 =item v =back C<vaproto>, C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>, C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>, C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>, C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>, C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>, C<versiononly>, C<vi> =over 4 =item x =back C<xlibpth> =over 4 =item y =back C<yacc>, C<yaccflags> =over 4 =item z =back C<zcat>, C<zip> =over 4 =item GIT DATA =item NOTE =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION dynamic, nonxs, static =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Config::Perl::V - Structured data retrieval of perl -V output =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item $conf = myconfig () =item $conf = plv2hash ($text [, ...]) =item $info = summary ([$conf]) =item $md5 = signature ([$conf]) =item The hash structure build, osname, stamp, options, derived, patches, environment, config, inc =back =item REASONING =item BUGS =item TODO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item getcwd and friends getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd =item abs_path and friends abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path =item $ENV{PWD} =back =item NOTES =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Global Variables $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, $DB::lineno =item API Methods CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() =item Client Callback Methods CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST) =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item What is a DBM Filter? =over 4 =item So what's new? =back =item METHODS =over 4 =item $db->Filter_Push() / $db->Filter_Key_Push() / $db->Filter_Value_Push() Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push =item $db->Filter_Pop() =item $db->Filtered() =back =item Writing a Filter =over 4 =item Immediate Filters =item Canned Filters "name", params =back =item Filters Included utf8, encode, compress, int32, null =item NOTES =over 4 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file. =back =item EXAMPLE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DBM_Filter::compress - filter for DBM_Filter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DBM_Filter::encode - filter for DBM_Filter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DBM_Filter::int32 - filter for DBM_Filter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DBM_Filter::null - filter for DBM_Filter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DBM_Filter::utf8 - filter for DBM_Filter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO> =over 4 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater =item Interface to Berkeley DB =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File =item Default Parameters =item In Memory Databases =back =item DB_HASH =over 4 =item A Simple Example =back =item DB_BTREE =over 4 =item Changing the BTREE sort order =item Handling Duplicate Keys =item The get_dup() Method =item The find_dup() Method =item The del_dup() Method =item Matching Partial Keys =back =item DB_RECNO =over 4 =item The 'bval' Option =item A Simple Example =item Extra RECNO Methods B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>, B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset, length, elements);> =item Another Example =back =item THE API INTERFACE B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key, $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;> =item DBM FILTERS =over 4 =item DBM Filter Low-level API B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, B<filter_fetch_value> =item The Filter =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. =item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back =item HINTS AND TIPS =over 4 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd =item Safe ways to lock a database B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock> =item Sharing Databases With C Applications =item The untie() Gotcha =back =item COMMON QUESTIONS =over 4 =item Why is there Perl source in my database? =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? =item What does "wide character in subroutine entry" mean? =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? =back =item REFERENCES =item HISTORY =item BUGS =item AVAILABILITY =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval> =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or> I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset =item Functions Dumper(I<LIST>) =item Configuration Variables or Methods =item Exports Dumper =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =over 4 =item NOTE =back =item AUTHOR =item VERSION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Why use ppport.h? =item How to use ppport.h =item Running ppport.h =back =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item WriteFile =item GetFileContents =back =item COMPATIBILITY =over 4 =item Provided Perl compatibility API =item Perl API not supported by ppport.h perl 5.24.0, perl 5.23.9, perl 5.23.8, perl 5.22.0, perl 5.21.10, perl 5.21.8, perl 5.21.7, perl 5.21.6, perl 5.21.5, perl 5.21.4, perl 5.21.2, perl 5.21.1, perl 5.19.10, perl 5.19.9, perl 5.19.7, perl 5.19.4, perl 5.19.3, perl 5.19.2, perl 5.19.1, perl 5.18.0, perl 5.17.9, perl 5.17.8, perl 5.17.7, perl 5.17.6, perl 5.17.4, perl 5.17.2, perl 5.15.9, perl 5.15.8, perl 5.15.7, perl 5.15.6, perl 5.15.4, perl 5.15.1, perl 5.14.0, perl 5.13.10, perl 5.13.8, perl 5.13.7, perl 5.13.6, perl 5.13.5, perl 5.13.3, perl 5.13.2, perl 5.13.1, perl 5.11.5, perl 5.11.4, perl 5.11.2, perl 5.11.1, perl 5.11.0, perl 5.10.1, perl 5.10.0, perl 5.9.5, perl 5.9.4, perl 5.9.3, perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0, perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03, perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004, perl 5.003_07 =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Runtime debugging =item Memory footprint debugging =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item A simple scalar string =item A simple scalar number =item A simple scalar with an extra reference =item A reference to a simple scalar =item A reference to an array =item A reference to a hash =item Dumping a large array or hash =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer =item A reference to a subroutine =back =item EXPORTS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64> =item OO INTERFACE $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, $ctx->add( $data ), $ctx->add( $chunk1, $chunk2, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest =item Digest speed =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) =item METHODS $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits), $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest, @ctx = $md5->context, $md5->context(@ctx) =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Digest::SHA - Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item SYNOPSIS (HMAC-SHA) =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item UNICODE AND SIDE EFFECTS =item NIST STATEMENT ON SHA-1 =item PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS =item EXPORT =item EXPORTABLE FUNCTIONS B<sha1($data, ...)>, B<sha224($data, ...)>, B<sha256($data, ...)>, B<sha384($data, ...)>, B<sha512($data, ...)>, B<sha512224($data, ...)>, B<sha512256($data, ...)>, B<sha1_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha224_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha256_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha384_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha512_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha512224_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha512256_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha1_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha224_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha256_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha384_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha512_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha512224_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha512256_base64($data, ...)>, B<new($alg)>, B<reset($alg)>, B<hashsize>, B<algorithm>, B<clone>, B<add($data, ...)>, B<add_bits($data, $nbits)>, B<add_bits($bits)>, B<addfile(*FILE)>, B<addfile($filename [, $mode])>, B<getstate>, B<putstate($str)>, B<dump($filename)>, B<load($filename)>, B<digest>, B<hexdigest>, B<b64digest>, B<hmac_sha1($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512224($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512256($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha1_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512224_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512256_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha1_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512224_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512256_base64($data, $key)> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ) =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Creation C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>, C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal =item Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get =back =back =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, $dl_dlext, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Encode - character encodings in Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item Table of Contents L<Encode::Alias> - Alias definitions to encodings, L<Encode::Encoding> - Encode Implementation Base Class, L<Encode::Supported> - List of Supported Encodings, L<Encode::CN> - Simplified Chinese Encodings, L<Encode::JP> - Japanese Encodings, L<Encode::KR> - Korean Encodings, L<Encode::TW> - Traditional Chinese Encodings =back =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item TERMINOLOGY =back =item THE PERL ENCODING API =over 4 =item Basic methods =item Listing available encodings =item Defining Aliases =item Finding IANA Character Set Registry names =back =item Encoding via PerlIO =item Handling Malformed Data =over 4 =item List of I<CHECK> values perlqq mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF) =item coderef for CHECK =back =item Defining Encodings =item The UTF8 flag Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4: =over 4 =item Messing with Perl's Internals =back =item UTF-8 vs. utf8 vs. UTF8 =item SEE ALSO =item MAINTAINER =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.: =over 4 =item Alias overloading =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item Description =over 4 =item Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]), $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding]) =item Example: base64 transcoder =item Operator Overloading =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods you should implement -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]), -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings -E<gt>name, -E<gt>mime_name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines() =item Example: Encode::ROT13 =back =item Why the heck Encode API is different? =over 4 =item Compiled Encodings =back =item SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes =back =head2 Encode::GSM0338 -- ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>]) =item CAVEATS =item TO DO =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)? =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME encoding for an unstructured email header =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::MIME::NAME -- internally used by Encode =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 =item Overview =item How does it work? =item Line Buffering =over 4 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Encoding Names =back =item Supported Encodings =over 4 =item Built-in Encodings =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world =item gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 gsm0338 support before 2.19 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN =item Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess =back =item Unsupported encodings ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) =over 4 =item Microsoft-related naming mess KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS =back =item Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 =item See Also =item References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 =item Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n" =item Offline sources C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde =back =back =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference =item Size, Endianness, and BOM =over 4 =item by size =item by endianness BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order =back =item Surrogate Pairs =item Error Checking =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item In Practice =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item PERFORMANCE =back =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Errno - System errno constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How to Export =item Selecting What to Export =item How to Import C<use YourModule;>, C<use YourModule ();>, C<use YourModule qw(...);> =back =item Advanced Features =over 4 =item Specialised Import Lists =item Exporting Without Using Exporter's import Method =item Exporting Without Inheriting from Exporter =item Module Version Checking =item Managing Unknown Symbols =item Tag Handling Utility Functions =item Generating Combined Tags =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants =back =item Good Practices =over 4 =item Declaring C<@EXPORT_OK> and Friends =item Playing Safe =item What Not to Export =back =item SEE ALSO =item LICENSE =back =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder - Compile and link C code for Perl modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new, have_compiler, have_cplusplus, compile, C<object_file>, C<include_dirs>, C<extra_compiler_flags>, C<C++>, link, lib_file, module_name, extra_linker_flags, link_executable, exe_file, object_file, lib_file, exe_file, prelink, need_prelink, extra_link_args_after_prelink =item TO DO =item HISTORY =item SUPPORT =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows platforms =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS =back =back cat eqtime rm_rf rm_f touch mv cp chmod mkpath test_f test_d dos2unix =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<test_harness> =back B<pod2man> B<warn_if_old_packlist> B<perllocal_install> B<uninstall> B<test_s> B<cp_nonempty> =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF =item FUNCTIONS =back constant_types XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, XS_SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER WriteMakefileSnippet WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, PROXYSUBS, C_FH, C_FILE, XS_FH, XS_FILE, XS_SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =back header memEQ_clause args_hashref dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM.. assign arg_hashref, VALUE.. return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM.. params WHAT dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM.. normalise_items args, default_type, seen_types, seen_items, ITEM.. C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight =over 4 =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE C_stringify NAME =back perl_stringify NAME =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::XS - generate C code for XS modules' constants. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item @EXPORT =item FUNCTIONS xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION _chmod($$;$), _warnonce(@), _choke(@) =back _move_file_at_boot( $file, $target, $moan ) _unlink_or_rename( $file, $tryhard, $installing ) =over 4 =item Functions _get_install_skip =back _have_write_access _can_write_dir(C<$dir>) _mkpath($dir,$show,$mode,$verbose,$dry_run) _copy($from,$to,$verbose,$dry_run) _chdir($from) B<install> _do_cleanup install_rooted_file( $file ), install_rooted_dir( $dir ) forceunlink( $file, $tryhard ) directory_not_empty( $dir ) B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED> B<uninstall> inc_uninstall($filepath,$libdir,$verbose,$dry_run,$ignore,$results) run_filter($cmd,$src,$dest) B<pm_to_blib> _autosplit _invokant =over 4 =item ENVIRONMENT B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>, B<EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP>, B<EU_INSTALL_SITE_SKIPFILE>, B<EU_INSTALL_ALWAYS_COPY> =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =item METHODS new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version() =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time =over 4 =item EXTRALIBS =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH =item BSLOADLIBS =back =item PORTABILITY =over 4 =item VMS implementation =item Win32 implementation =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM::Utils - ExtUtils::MM methods without dependency on ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS maybe_command =back =over 4 =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Cross-platform helper methods =back =back =over 4 =item Targets =back =over 4 =item Init methods =back =over 4 =item Tools =back =over 4 =item File::Spec wrappers =back =over 4 =item Misc =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back os_flavor init_linker =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION os_flavor =back cflags replace_manpage_separator init_linker maybe_command dynamic_lib install all_target =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods os_flavor =back =back B<replace_manpage_separator> =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Darwin - special behaviors for OS X =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overriden Methods =back =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back os_flavor init_platform, platform_constants static_lib_pure_cmd dynamic_lib =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS init_dist =back init_linker os_flavor =head2 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods os_flavor =back =back B<replace_manpage_separator> =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item Methods os_flavor =back c_o (o) xs_obj_opt cflags (o) const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) const_loadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) init_DEST init_dist dist (o) dist_basics (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) B<dist_target> B<tardist_target> B<zipdist_target> B<tarfile_target> zipfile_target uutardist_target shdist_target dlsyms (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) xs_dynamic_lib_macros xs_make_dynamic_lib exescan extliblist find_perl fixin force (o) guess_name has_link_code init_dirscan init_MANPODS init_MAN1PODS init_MAN3PODS init_PM init_DIRFILESEP init_main init_tools init_linker init_lib2arch init_PERL init_platform, platform_constants init_PERM init_xs install (o) installbin (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) maybe_command needs_linking (o) parse_abstract parse_version pasthru (o) perl_script perldepend (o) pm_to_blib ppd prefixify processPL (o) specify_shell quote_paren replace_manpage_separator cd oneliner quote_literal escape_newlines max_exec_len static (o) xs_make_static_lib static_lib_closures static_lib_fixtures static_lib_pure_cmd staticmake (o) subdir_x (o) subdirs (o) test (o) test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) tool_xsubpp (o) all_target top_targets (o) writedoc xs_c (o) xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods always loaded wraplist =back =back =over 4 =item Methods guess_name (override) =back find_perl (override) _fixin_replace_shebang (override) maybe_command (override) pasthru (override) pm_to_blib (override) perl_script (override) replace_manpage_separator init_DEST init_DIRFILESEP init_main (override) init_tools (override) init_platform (override) platform_constants init_VERSION (override) constants (override) special_targets cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) tools_other (override) init_dist (override) c_o (override) xs_c (override) xs_o (override) _xsbuild_replace_macro (override) _xsbuild_value (override) dlsyms (override) xs_obj_opt dynamic_lib (override) xs_make_static_lib (override) extra_clean_files zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target install (override) perldepend (override) makeaperl (override) maketext_filter (override) prefixify (override) cd oneliner B<echo> quote_literal escape_dollarsigns escape_all_dollarsigns escape_newlines max_exec_len init_linker catdir (override), catfile (override) eliminate_macros fixpath os_flavor is_make_type (override) make_type (override) =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item Overridden methods B<dlsyms> =back xs_dlsyms_ext replace_manpage_separator B<maybe_command> B<init_DIRFILESEP> init_tools init_others init_platform, platform_constants specify_shell constants special_targets static_lib_pure_cmd dynamic_lib extra_clean_files init_linker perl_script quote_dep xs_obj_opt pasthru arch_check (override) oneliner cd max_exec_len os_flavor cflags make_type =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods max_exec_len =back =back os_flavor =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL =item Default Makefile Behaviour =item make test =item make testdb =item make install =item INSTALL_BASE =item PREFIX and LIB attribute =item AFS users =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations =item Which architecture dependent directory? =item Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, BUILD_REQUIRES, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, CONFIGURE_REQUIRES, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DLEXT, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLSITESCRIPT, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LICENSE, LINKTYPE, MAGICXS, MAKE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, META_ADD, META_MERGE, MIN_PERL_VERSION, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_MYMETA, NO_PACKLIST, NO_PERLLOCAL, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_DIR, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PPM_UNINSTALL_EXEC, PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TEST_REQUIRES, TYPEMAPS, USE_MM_LD_RUN_PATH, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSBUILD, XSMULTI, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, test, tool_autosplit =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >> =item Hintsfile support =item Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make veryclean, make manifest, make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci =item Module Meta-Data (META and MYMETA) =item Disabling an extension =item Other Handy Functions prompt =item Supported versions of Perl =back =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Module Installation How do I install a module into my home directory?, How do I get MakeMaker and Module::Build to install to the same place?, How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without installing it?, How can I organize tests into subdirectories and have them run?, PREFIX vs INSTALL_BASE from Module::Build::Cookbook, Generating *.pm files with substitutions eg of $VERSION =item Common errors and problems "No rule to make target `/usr/lib/perl5/CORE/config.h', needed by `Makefile'" =item Philosophy and History Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft =item Module Writing How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!, How do I delete everything not in my F<MANIFEST>?, Which tar should I use on Windows?, Which zip should I use on Windows for '[ndg]make zipdist'? =item XS =back =item DESIGN =over 4 =item MakeMaker object hierarchy (simplified) =item MakeMaker object hierarchy (real) =item The MM_* hierarchy =back =item PATCHING make a pull request on the MakeMaker github repository, raise a issue on the MakeMaker github repository, file an RT ticket, email makemaker@perl.org =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale - bundled Encode::Locale =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION decode_argv( ), decode_argv( Encode::FB_CROAK ), env( $uni_key ), env( $uni_key => $uni_value ), reinit( ), reinit( $encoding ), $ENCODING_LOCALE, $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS, $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN, $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT =item NOTES =over 4 =item Windows =item Mac OS X =item POSIX (Linux and other Unixes) =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The Mantra =item The Layout Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP, bin/ =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions mkmanifest =back =back manifind manicheck filecheck fullcheck skipcheck maniread maniskip manicopy maniadd =over 4 =item MANIFEST =item MANIFEST.SKIP #!include_default, #!include /Path/to/another/manifest.skip =item EXPORT_OK =item GLOBAL VARIABLES =back =over 4 =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file> =item ENVIRONMENT B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl - write the C code for miniperlmain.c and perlmain.c =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME =item AUTHOR =item REVISION mkfh() =back __find_relocations =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =item FUNCTIONS new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS - converts Perl XS code into C code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORT =item METHODS $pxs->new(), $pxs->process_file(), B<C++>, B<hiertype>, B<except>, B<typemap>, B<prototypes>, B<versioncheck>, B<linenumbers>, B<optimize>, B<inout>, B<argtypes>, B<s>, $pxs->report_error_count() =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants - Initialization values for some globals =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval - Clean package to evaluate code in =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item SUBROUTINES =over 4 =item $pxs->eval_output_typemap_code($typemapcode, $other_hashref) =back =back =over 4 =item $pxs->eval_input_typemap_code($typemapcode, $other_hashref) =back =over 4 =item TODO =back =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities - Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item SUBROUTINES =over 4 =item C<standard_typemap_locations()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =back =over 4 =item C<trim_whitespace()> Purpose, Argument, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<C_string()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<valid_proto_string()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<process_typemaps()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<map_type()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<standard_XS_defs()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<assign_func_args()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<analyze_preprocessor_statements()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<set_cond()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<current_line_number()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<Warn()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<blurt()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<death()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<check_conditional_preprocessor_statements()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<escape_file_for_line_directive()> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =over 4 =item C<report_typemap_failure> Purpose, Arguments, Return Value =back =head2 ExtUtils::Typemaps - Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item new =back =over 4 =item file =back =over 4 =item add_typemap =back =over 4 =item add_inputmap =back =over 4 =item add_outputmap =back =over 4 =item add_string =back =over 4 =item remove_typemap =back =over 4 =item remove_inputmap =back =over 4 =item remove_inputmap =back =over 4 =item get_typemap =back =over 4 =item get_inputmap =back =over 4 =item get_outputmap =back =over 4 =item write =back =over 4 =item as_string =back =over 4 =item as_embedded_typemap =back =over 4 =item merge =back =over 4 =item is_empty =back =over 4 =item list_mapped_ctypes =back =over 4 =item _get_typemap_hash =back =over 4 =item _get_inputmap_hash =back =over 4 =item _get_outputmap_hash =back =over 4 =item _get_prototype_hash =back =over 4 =item clone =back =over 4 =item tidy_type =back =over 4 =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd - Quick commands for handling typemaps =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item embeddable_typemap =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap - Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item new =back =over 4 =item code =back =over 4 =item xstype =back =over 4 =item cleaned_code =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap - Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item new =back =over 4 =item code =back =over 4 =item xstype =back =over 4 =item cleaned_code =back =over 4 =item targetable =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type - Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item new =back =over 4 =item proto =back =over 4 =item xstype =back =over 4 =item ctype =back =over 4 =item tidy_ctype =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 ExtUtils::XSSymSet - keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new([$maxlen[,$silent]]), addsym($name[,$maxlen[,$silent]]), trimsym($name[,$maxlen[,$silent]]), delsym($name), get_orig($trimmed), get_trimmed($name), all_orig(), all_trimmed() =item AUTHOR =item REVISION =back =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Fatal - Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item BEST PRACTICE =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS Bad subroutine name for Fatal: %s, %s is not a Perl subroutine, %s is neither a builtin, nor a Perl subroutine, Cannot make the non-overridable %s fatal, Internal error: %s =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS =back =head2 File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back C<fileparse> X<fileparse> C<basename> X<basename> X<filename> C<dirname> X<dirname> C<fileparse_set_fstype> X<filesystem> =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item RETURN =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION copy X<copy> X<cp>, move X<move> X<mv> X<rename>, syscopy X<syscopy>, rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) X<rmscopy> =item RETURN =item NOTES =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTS (by request only) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Fetch - A generic file fetching mechanism =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item ACCESSORS $ff->uri, $ff->scheme, $ff->host, $ff->vol, $ff->share, $ff->path, $ff->file, $ff->file_default =back $ff->output_file =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item $ff = File::Fetch->new( uri => 'http://some.where.com/dir/file.txt' ); =back =back =over 4 =item $where = $ff->fetch( [to => /my/output/dir/ | \$scalar] ) =back =over 4 =item $ff->error([BOOL]) =back =over 4 =item HOW IT WORKS =item GLOBAL VARIABLES =over 4 =item $File::Fetch::FROM_EMAIL =item $File::Fetch::USER_AGENT =item $File::Fetch::FTP_PASSIVE =item $File::Fetch::TIMEOUT =item $File::Fetch::WARN =item $File::Fetch::DEBUG =item $File::Fetch::BLACKLIST =item $File::Fetch::METHOD_FAIL =back =item MAPPING =item FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS =over 4 =item So how do I use a proxy with File::Fetch? =item I used 'lynx' to fetch a file, but its contents is all wrong! =item Files I'm trying to fetch have reserved characters or non-ASCII characters in them. What do I do? =back =item TODO Implement $PREFER_BIN =item BUG REPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<find>, B<finddepth> =over 4 =item %options C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>, C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip> =item The wanted function C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete pathname to the file =back =item WARNINGS =item CAVEAT $dont_use_nlink, symlinks =item BUGS AND CAVEATS =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item META CHARACTERS =item EXPORTS =item POSIX FLAGS C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT> =back =item DIAGNOSTICS C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND> =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::GlobMapper - Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Behind The Scenes =item Limitations =item Input File Glob B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()> =item Output File Glob "*", #1 =item Returned Data =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item A Rename script =item A few example globmaps =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 File::Path - Create or remove directory trees =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION make_path( $dir1, $dir2, .... ), make_path( $dir1, $dir2, ...., \%opts ), mode => $num, chmod => $num, verbose => $bool, error => \$err, owner => $owner, user => $owner, uid => $owner, group => $group, mkpath( $dir ), mkpath( $dir, $verbose, $mode ), mkpath( [$dir1, $dir2,...], $verbose, $mode ), mkpath( $dir1, $dir2,..., \%opt ), remove_tree( $dir1, $dir2, .... ), remove_tree( $dir1, $dir2, ...., \%opts ), verbose => $bool, safe => $bool, keep_root => $bool, result => \$res, error => \$err, rmtree( $dir ), rmtree( $dir, $verbose, $safe ), rmtree( [$dir1, $dir2,...], $verbose, $safe ), rmtree( $dir1, $dir2,..., \%opt ) =over 4 =item ERROR HANDLING B<NOTE:> =item NOTES =back =item DIAGNOSTICS mkdir [path]: [errmsg] (SEVERE), No root path(s) specified, No such file or directory, cannot fetch initial working directory: [errmsg], cannot stat initial working directory: [errmsg], cannot chdir to [dir]: [errmsg], directory [dir] changed before chdir, expected dev=[n] ino=[n], actual dev=[n] ino=[n], aborting. (FATAL), cannot make directory [dir] read+writeable: [errmsg], cannot read [dir]: [errmsg], cannot reset chmod [dir]: [errmsg], cannot remove [dir] when cwd is [dir], cannot chdir to [parent-dir] from [child-dir]: [errmsg], aborting. (FATAL), cannot stat prior working directory [dir]: [errmsg], aborting. (FATAL), previous directory [parent-dir] changed before entering [child-dir], expected dev=[n] ino=[n], actual dev=[n] ino=[n], aborting. (FATAL), cannot make directory [dir] writeable: [errmsg], cannot remove directory [dir]: [errmsg], cannot restore permissions of [dir] to [0nnn]: [errmsg], cannot make file [file] writeable: [errmsg], cannot unlink file [file]: [errmsg], cannot restore permissions of [file] to [0nnn]: [errmsg], unable to map [owner] to a uid, ownership not changed");, unable to map [group] to a gid, group ownership not changed =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =over 4 =item MULTITHREAD APPLICATIONS =item NFS Mount Points =item REPORTING BUGS =back =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHORS =item CONTRIBUTORS <F<bulkdd@cpan.org>>, Craig A. Berry <F<craigberry@mac.com>>, Richard Elberger <F<riche@cpan.org>>, Ryan Yee <F<ryee@cpan.org>>, Skye Shaw <F<shaw@cpan.org>>, Tom Lutz <F<tommylutz@gmail.com>> =item COPYRIGHT =item LICENSE =back =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath X<canonpath>, catdir X<catdir>, catfile X<catfile>, curdir X<curdir>, devnull X<devnull>, rootdir X<rootdir>, tmpdir X<tmpdir>, updir X<updir>, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path X<path>, join X<join, path>, splitpath X<splitpath> X<split, path>, splitdir X<splitdir> X<split, dir>, catpath(), abs2rel X<abs2rel> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path>, rel2abs() X<rel2abs> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 File::Spec::AmigaOS - File::Spec for AmigaOS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS tmpdir =back file_name_is_absolute =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back canonpath file_name_is_absolute tmpdir (override) case_tolerant =over 4 =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back canonpath() =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Exports =back =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath =back catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir file_name_is_absolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs =over 4 =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION tmpdir, splitpath =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath() =back catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir no_upwards case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath() abs2rel rel2abs() =over 4 =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back canonpath (override) catdir (override) catfile (override) curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) case_tolerant (override) path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) =over 4 =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION devnull =back tmpdir case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath =over 4 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers =back =over 4 =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item PORTABILITY =item OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE B<new>, B<newdir>, B<filename>, B<dirname>, B<unlink_on_destroy>, B<DESTROY> =item FUNCTIONS B<tempfile>, B<tempdir> =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS B<mkstemp>, B<mkstemps>, B<mkdtemp>, B<mktemp> =item POSIX FUNCTIONS B<tmpnam>, B<tmpfile> =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS B<tempnam> =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS B<unlink0>, B<cmpstat>, B<unlink1>, B<cleanup> =item PACKAGE VARIABLES B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH, TopSystemUID, B<$KEEP_ALL>, B<$DEBUG> =item WARNING =over 4 =item Temporary files and NFS =item Forking =item Directory removal =item Taint mode =item BINMODE =back =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =over 4 =item Bugs / Feature Requests =item Source Code =back =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item ERRORS -%s is not implemented on a File::stat object =item WARNINGS File::stat ignores use filetest 'access', File::stat ignores VMS ACLs =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR =item CAVEATS =item BUGS =back =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The Problem =item A Solution =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour =item All-in-one interface =item Filtering only specific components of source code C<"code">, C<"code_no_comments">, C<"executable">, C<"executable_no_comments">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">, C<"all"> =item Filtering only the code parts of source code =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together =item How it works =back =item AUTHOR =item CONTACT =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call> =item B<import()> =item B<filter_add()> =item B<filter() and anonymous sub> B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>, I<real_import>, I<unimport()> =back =item LIMITATIONS __DATA__ is ignored, Max. codesize limited to 32-bit =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Example 1: A simple filter. =item Example 2: Using the context =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter =item Example 4: Using filter_del =back =item Filter::Simple =item AUTHOR =item DATE =item LICENSE =back =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES =item KNOWN ISSUES =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AVAILABILITY =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Command Line Options, an Introduction =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long =over 4 =item Simple options =item A little bit less simple options =item Mixing command line option with other arguments =item Options with values =item Options with multiple values =item Options with hash values =item User-defined subroutines to handle options =item Options with multiple names =item Case and abbreviations =item Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], : + [ I<desttype> ] =back =item Advanced Possibilities =over 4 =item Object oriented interface =item Thread Safety =item Documentation and help texts =item Parsing options from an arbitrary array =item Parsing options from an arbitrary string =item Storing options values in a hash =item Bundling =item The lonesome dash =item Argument callback =back =item Configuring Getopt::Long default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, long_prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =item Exportable Methods VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy =over 4 =item Default destinations =item Alternative option starters =item Configuration variables =back =item Tips and Techniques =over 4 =item Pushing multiple values in a hash option =back =item Troubleshooting =over 4 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long? =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =back =head2 Getopt::Std - Process single-character switches with switch clustering =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item C<--help> and C<--version> =back =head2 HTTP::Tiny - A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item get|head|put|post|delete =item post_form =item mirror =item request =item www_form_urlencode =item can_ssl =item connected =back =item SSL SUPPORT =item PROXY SUPPORT =item LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =over 4 =item Bugs / Feature Requests =item Source Code =back =item AUTHORS =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Restricted hashes B<lock_keys>, B<unlock_keys> =back =back B<lock_keys_plus> B<lock_value>, B<unlock_value> B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash> B<lock_hash_recurse>, B<unlock_hash_recurse> B<hashref_locked>, B<hash_locked> B<hashref_unlocked>, B<hash_unlocked> B<legal_keys>, B<hidden_keys>, B<all_keys>, B<hash_seed>, B<hash_value>, B<bucket_info>, B<bucket_stats>, B<bucket_array> B<bucket_stats_formatted> B<hv_store>, B<hash_traversal_mask>, B<bucket_ratio>, B<used_buckets>, B<num_buckets> =over 4 =item Operating on references to hashes. lock_ref_keys, unlock_ref_keys, lock_ref_keys_plus, lock_ref_value, unlock_ref_value, lock_hashref, unlock_hashref, lock_hashref_recurse, unlock_hashref_recurse, hash_ref_unlocked, legal_ref_keys, hidden_ref_keys =back =over 4 =item CAVEATS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Hash::Util::FieldHash - Support for Inside-Out Classes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item FUNCTIONS id, id_2obj, register, idhash, idhashes, fieldhash, fieldhashes =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The Inside-out Technique =item Problems of Inside-out =item Solutions =item More Problems =item The Generic Object =item How to use Field Hashes =item Garbage-Collected Hashes =back =item EXAMPLES C<init()>, C<first()>, C<last()>, C<name()>, C<Name_hash>, C<Name_id>, C<Name_idhash>, C<Name_id_reg>, C<Name_idhash_reg>, C<Name_fieldhash> =over 4 =item Example 1 =item Example 2 =back =item GUTS =over 4 =item The C<PERL_MAGIC_uvar> interface for hashes =item Weakrefs call uvar magic =item How field hashes work =item Internal function Hash::Util::FieldHash::_fieldhash =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back the function is_language_tag($lang1) the function extract_language_tags($whatever) the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2) the function super_languages($lang1) the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier) the function encode_language_tag($lang1) the function alternate_language_tags($lang1) the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... ) =over 4 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHOR =back =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS =item ENVIRONMENT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHOR =back =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS =item LIST OF LANGUAGES {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =item AUTHOR =back =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item EXPORT =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO - load various IO modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item DEPRECATED =back =head2 IO::Compress::Base - Base Class for IO::Compress modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Compress::Bzip2 - Write bzip2 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item bzip2 $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< BlockSize100K => number >>, C<< WorkFactor => number >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item print =item printf =item syswrite =item write =item flush =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item newStream([OPTS]) =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Apache::GZip Revisited =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Compress::Deflate - Write RFC 1950 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item deflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item print =item printf =item syswrite =item write =item flush =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item newStream([OPTS]) =item deflateParams =back =item Importing :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Apache::GZip Revisited =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Compress::FAQ -- Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item GENERAL =over 4 =item Compatibility with Unix compress/uncompress. =item Accessing .tar.Z files =item How do I recompress using a different compression? =back =item ZIP =over 4 =item What Compression Types do IO::Compress::Zip & IO::Uncompress::Unzip support? Store (method 0), Deflate (method 8), Bzip2 (method 12), Lzma (method 14) =item Can I Read/Write Zip files larger the 4 Gig? =item Can I write more that 64K entries is a Zip files? =item Zip Resources =back =item GZIP =over 4 =item Gzip Resources =item Dealing with concatenated gzip files =item Reading bgzip files with IO::Uncompress::Gunzip =back =item ZLIB =over 4 =item Zlib Resources =back =item Bzip2 =over 4 =item Bzip2 Resources =item Dealing with Concatenated bzip2 files =item Interoperating with Pbzip2 =back =item HTTP & NETWORK =over 4 =item Apache::GZip Revisited =item Compressed files and Net::FTP =back =item MISC =over 4 =item Using C<InputLength> to uncompress data embedded in a larger file/buffer. =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC 1952 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item gzip $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Minimal => 0|1 >>, C<< Comment => $comment >>, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>, C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<< HeaderCRC => 0|1 >>, C<< OS_Code => $value >>, C<< ExtraField => $data >>, C<< ExtraFlags => $value >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item print =item printf =item syswrite =item write =item flush =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item newStream([OPTS]) =item deflateParams =back =item Importing :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Apache::GZip Revisited =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Compress::RawDeflate - Write RFC 1951 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item rawdeflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item print =item printf =item syswrite =item write =item flush =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item newStream([OPTS]) =item deflateParams =back =item Importing :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Apache::GZip Revisited =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Compress::Zip - Write zip files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item zip $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< CanonicalName => 0|1 >>, C<< FilterName => sub { ... } >>, C<< Time => $number >>, C<< ExtAttr => $attr >>, C<< exTime => [$atime, $mtime, $ctime] >>, C<< exUnix2 => [$uid, $gid] >>, C<< exUnixN => [$uid, $gid] >>, C<< Comment => $comment >>, C<< ZipComment => $comment >>, C<< Method => $method >>, C<< Stream => 0|1 >>, C<< Zip64 => 0|1 >>, C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<< ExtraFieldLocal => $data >>, C<< ExtraFieldCentral => $data >>, C<< Minimal => 1|0 >>, C<< BlockSize100K => number >>, C<< WorkFactor => number >>, C<< Preset => number >>, C<< Extreme => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item print =item printf =item syswrite =item write =item flush =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item newStream([OPTS]) =item deflateParams =back =item Importing :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy, :zip_method =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Apache::GZip Revisited =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode( [LAYER] ) =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) =item METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) =item METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) =item METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), getsockopt(LEVEL, OPT), setsockopt(LEVEL, OPT, VAL), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =over 4 =item METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket::IP, C<IO::Socket::IP> - Family-neutral IP socket supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item REPLACING C<IO::Socket> DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR =back =over 4 =item CONSTRUCTORS =back =over 4 =item $sock = IO::Socket::IP->new( %args ) PeerHost => STRING, PeerService => STRING, PeerAddr => STRING, PeerPort => STRING, PeerAddrInfo => ARRAY, LocalHost => STRING, LocalService => STRING, LocalAddr => STRING, LocalPort => STRING, LocalAddrInfo => ARRAY, Family => INT, Type => INT, Proto => STRING or INT, GetAddrInfoFlags => INT, Listen => INT, ReuseAddr => BOOL, ReusePort => BOOL, Broadcast => BOOL, Sockopts => ARRAY, V6Only => BOOL, MultiHomed, Blocking => BOOL, Timeout => NUM =item $sock = IO::Socket::IP->new( $peeraddr ) =back =over 4 =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item ( $host, $service ) = $sock->sockhost_service( $numeric ) =back =over 4 =item $addr = $sock->sockhost =item $port = $sock->sockport =item $host = $sock->sockhostname =item $service = $sock->sockservice =back =over 4 =item $addr = $sock->sockaddr =back =over 4 =item ( $host, $service ) = $sock->peerhost_service( $numeric ) =back =over 4 =item $addr = $sock->peerhost =item $port = $sock->peerport =item $host = $sock->peerhostname =item $service = $sock->peerservice =back =over 4 =item $addr = $peer->peeraddr =back =over 4 =item $inet = $sock->as_inet =back =over 4 =item NON-BLOCKING =back =over 4 =item C<PeerHost> AND C<LocalHost> PARSING =over 4 =item ( $host, $port ) = IO::Socket::IP->split_addr( $addr ) =back =back =over 4 =item $addr = IO::Socket::IP->join_addr( $host, $port ) =back =over 4 =item C<IO::Socket::INET> INCOMPATIBILITES =back =over 4 =item TODO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item anyinflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and this option is set, it will force the module to check that it conforms to the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952 =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item inflateSync =item getHeaderInfo =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress - Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip, bzip2, lzop, lzf, lzma, xz =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item anyuncompress $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1 >>, C<< UnLzma => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item getHeaderInfo =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::Base - Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2 - Read bzip2 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item bunzip2 $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< Small => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item getHeaderInfo =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip - Read RFC 1952 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item gunzip $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and this option is set, it will force the module to check that it conforms to the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952 =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item inflateSync =item getHeaderInfo Name, Comment =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::Inflate - Read RFC 1950 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item inflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item inflateSync =item getHeaderInfo =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Read RFC 1951 files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item rawinflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item inflateSync =item getHeaderInfo =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Working with Net::FTP =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Uncompress::Unzip - Read zip files/buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Functional Interface =over 4 =item unzip $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS] A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array Reference, An Output FileGlob =item Notes =item Optional Parameters C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A Filehandle, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >> =item Examples =back =item OO Interface =over 4 =item Constructor A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference =item Constructor Options C<< Name => "membername" >>, C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength => $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >> =item Examples =back =item Methods =over 4 =item read =item read =item getline =item getc =item ungetc =item inflateSync =item getHeaderInfo =item tell =item eof =item seek =item binmode =item opened =item autoflush =item input_line_number =item fileno =item close =item nextStream =item trailingData =back =item Importing :all =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Working with Net::FTP =item Walking through a zip file =item Unzipping a complete zip file to disk =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO::Zlib - IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib> =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item OBJECT METHODS open ( FILENAME, MODE ), opened, close, getc, getline, getlines, print ( ARGS... ), read ( BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] ), eof, seek ( OFFSET, WHENCE ), tell, setpos ( POS ), getpos ( POS ) =item USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP =item CLASS METHODS has_Compress_Zlib, gzip_external, gzip_used, gzip_read_open, gzip_write_open =item DIAGNOSTICS IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context, IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read_open' requires an argument, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read' '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' requires an argument, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip, IO::Zlib::open: needs a filename, IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified, IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Cmd - finding and running system commands made easy =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CLASS METHODS =over 4 =item $ipc_run_version = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_run( [VERBOSE] ) =back =back =over 4 =item $ipc_open3_version = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_open3( [VERBOSE] ) =back =over 4 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_capture_buffer =back =over 4 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_use_run_forked =back =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item $path = can_run( PROGRAM ); =back =back =over 4 =item $ok | ($ok, $err, $full_buf, $stdout_buff, $stderr_buff) = run( command => COMMAND, [verbose => BOOL, buffer => \$SCALAR, timeout => DIGIT] ); command, verbose, buffer, timeout, success, error message, full_buffer, out_buffer, error_buffer =back =over 4 =item $hashref = run_forked( COMMAND, { child_stdin => SCALAR, timeout => DIGIT, stdout_handler => CODEREF, stderr_handler => CODEREF} ); C<timeout>, C<child_stdin>, C<stdout_handler>, C<stderr_handler>, C<discard_output>, C<terminate_on_parent_sudden_death>, C<exit_code>, C<timeout>, C<stdout>, C<stderr>, C<merged>, C<err_msg> =back =over 4 =item $q = QUOTE =back =over 4 =item HOW IT WORKS =item Global Variables =over 4 =item $IPC::Cmd::VERBOSE =item $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_RUN =item $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_OPEN3 =item $IPC::Cmd::WARN =item $IPC::Cmd::INSTANCES =item $IPC::Cmd::ALLOW_NULL_ARGS =back =item Caveats Whitespace and IPC::Open3 / system(), Whitespace and IPC::Run, IO Redirect, Interleaving STDOUT/STDERR =item See Also =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item BUG REPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Open2 - open a process for both reading and writing using open2() =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 IPC::Open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling using open3() =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item See Also L<IPC::Open2>, L<IPC::Run> =item WARNING =back =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SharedMem - SysV Shared Memory IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , SIZE , FLAGS ), id, read ( POS, SIZE ), write ( STRING, POS, SIZE ), remove, is_removed, stat, attach ( [FLAG] ), detach, addr =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV - System V IPC constants and system calls =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH ), ftok( PATH, ID ), shmat( ID, ADDR, FLAG ), shmdt( ADDR ), memread( ADDR, VAR, POS, SIZE ), memwrite( ADDR, STRING, POS, SIZE ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Internals - Reserved special namespace for internals related functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS SvREFCNT(THING [, $value]), SvREADONLY(THING, [, $value]), hv_clear_placeholders(%hash) =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 JSON::PP - JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item VERSION =item NOTE =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item FEATURES correct unicode handling, round-trip integrity, strict checking of JSON correctness =back =item FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE =over 4 =item encode_json =item decode_json =item JSON::PP::is_bool =item JSON::PP::true =item JSON::PP::false =item JSON::PP::null =back =item HOW DO I DECODE A DATA FROM OUTER AND ENCODE TO OUTER =item METHODS =over 4 =item new =item ascii =item latin1 =item utf8 =item pretty =item indent =item space_before =item space_after =item relaxed list items can have an end-comma, shell-style '#'-comments =item canonical =item allow_nonref =item allow_unknown =item allow_blessed =item convert_blessed =item filter_json_object =item filter_json_single_key_object =item shrink =item max_depth =item max_size =item encode =item decode =item decode_prefix =back =item INCREMENTAL PARSING =over 4 =item incr_parse =item incr_text =item incr_skip =item incr_reset =back =item JSON::PP OWN METHODS =over 4 =item allow_singlequote =item allow_barekey =item allow_bignum =item loose =item escape_slash =item indent_length =item sort_by =back =item INTERNAL PP_encode_box, PP_decode_box =item MAPPING =over 4 =item JSON -> PERL object, array, string, number, true, false, null =item PERL -> JSON hash references, array references, other references, JSON::PP::true, JSON::PP::false, JSON::PP::null, blessed objects, simple scalars, Big Number =back =item UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS =over 4 =item Perl 5.8 and later =item Perl 5.6 =item Perl 5.005 =back =item TODO speed, memory saving =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 JSON::PP::Boolean - dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item LIST-REDUCTION FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item reduce =item any =item all =item none =item notall =item first =item max =item maxstr =item min =item minstr =item product =item sum =item sum0 =back =over 4 =item KEY/VALUE PAIR LIST FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item pairs =item unpairs =item pairkeys =item pairvalues =item pairgrep =item pairfirst =item pairmap =back =over 4 =item OTHER FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item shuffle =item uniq =item uniqnum =item uniqstr =back =over 4 =item KNOWN BUGS =over 4 =item RT #95409 =item uniqnum() on oversized bignums =back =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 List::Util::XS - Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes - a distribution of modules to handle locale codes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION L<Locale::Codes::Country>, L<Locale::Country>, L<Locale::Codes::Language>, L<Locale::Language>, L<Locale::Codes::Currency>, L<Locale::Currency>, L<Locale::Codes::Script>, L<Locale::Script>, L<Locale::Codes::LangExt>, L<Locale::Codes::LangVar>, L<Locale::Codes::LangFam>, B<Locale::Codes>, B<Locale::Codes::Constants>, B<Locale::Codes::Country_codes>, B<Locale::Codes::Language_codes>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency_codes>, B<Locale::Codes::Script_codes>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt_codes>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar_codes>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam_codes> =item NEW CODE SETS B<General-use code set>, B<An official source of data>, B<A free source of the data>, B<A reliable source of data> =item COMMON ALIASES =item DEPRECATED CODES =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<Locale::Codes::Country>, L<Locale::Codes::Language>, L<Locale::Codes::Script>, L<Locale::Codes::Currency>, L<Locale::Codes::LangExt>, L<Locale::Codes::LangVar>, L<Locale::Codes::LangFam>, L<Locale::Codes::Changes> =item BUGS AND QUESTIONS Direct email, CPAN Bug Tracking, GitHub, B<Locale::Codes version> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::API - a description of the callable function in each module =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item ROUTINES B<code2XXX ( CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'] )>, B<XXX2code ( NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'] )>, B<XXX_code2code ( CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2 )>, B<all_XXX_codes ( [CODESET] [,'retired'] )>, B<all_XXX_names ( [CODESET] [,'retired'] )> =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES B<MODULE::rename_XXX ( CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET] )>, B<MODULE::add_XXX ( CODE ,NAME [,CODESET] )>, B<MODULE::delete_XXX ( CODE [,CODESET] )>, B<MODULE::add_XXX_alias ( NAME ,NEW_NAME )>, B<MODULE::delete_XXX_alias ( NAME )>, B<MODULE::rename_XXX_code ( CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET] )>, B<MODULE::add_XXX_code_alias ( CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET] )>, B<MODULE::delete_XXX_code_alias ( CODE [,CODESET] )> =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS B<Relationship between code sets>, B<Non-ASCII characters not supported> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::Changes - details changes to Locale::Codes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item VERSION 3.46 (planned 2017-12-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.45 (planned 2017-09-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.44 (planned 2017-06-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.43 (planned 2017-03-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.42 (2016-11-30; sbeck) B<Added Czech republic aliases back in> =item VERSION 3.41 (2016-11-18; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.40 (2016-09-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.39 (2016-05-31; sbeck) B<Added UN codes back in>, B<Added GENC codes> =item VERSION 3.38 (2016-03-02; sbeck) B<Tests reworked> =item VERSION 3.37 (2015-12-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.36 (2015-09-01; sbeck) B<(!) Removed alias_code function> =item VERSION 3.35 (2015-06-01; sbeck) B<Documentation improvements> =item VERSION 3.34 (2015-03-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.33 (2014-12-01; sbeck) B<Filled out LOCALE_LANG_TERM codeset>, B<Moved repository to GitHub> =item VERSION 3.32 (2014-09-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.31 (2014-06-01; sbeck) B<Bug fixes> =item VERSION 3.30 (2014-03-04; sbeck) B<alias_code remove date set>, B<Bug fixes> =item VERSION 3.29 (2014-01-27; sbeck) B<ISO 3166 country codes improved>, B<Bug fixes> =item VERSION 3.28 (2013-12-02; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.27 (2013-09-03; sbeck) B<* FIPS-10 country codes removed> =item VERSION 3.26 (2013-06-03; sbeck) B<Documentation fixes> =item VERSION 3.25 (2013-03-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.24 (2012-12-03; sbeck) B<Syria alias>, B<FIPS-10 country codes deprecated>, B<Domain country codes now come from ISO 3166> =item VERSION 3.23 (2012-09-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.22 (2012-06-01; sbeck) B<Updated perl version required>, B<Sorted deprecated codes> =item VERSION 3.21 (2012-03-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.20 (2011-12-01; sbeck) B<Added limited support for deprecated codes>, B<Fixed capitalization>, B<Pod tests off by default>, B<Codesets may be specified by name>, B<alias_code deprecated>, B<Code cleanup>, B<Added LangFam module> =item VERSION 3.18 (2011-08-31; sbeck) B<No longer use CIA data> =item VERSION 3.17 (2011-06-28; sbeck) B<Added new types of codes>, B<Added new codeset(s)>, B<Bug fixes>, B<Reorganized code> =item VERSION 3.16 (2011-03-01; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.15 (2010-12-02; sbeck) B<Minor fixes> =item VERSION 3.14 (2010-09-28; sbeck) B<Bug fixes> =item VERSION 3.13 (2010-06-04; sbeck) =item VERSION 3.12 (2010-04-06; sbeck) B<Reorganized code> =item VERSION 3.11 (2010-03-01; sbeck) B<Added new codeset(s)>, B<Bug fixes> =item VERSION 3.10 (2010-02-18; sbeck) B<Reorganized code>, B<(!) Changed XXX_code2code behavior slightly>, B<Added many semi-private routines>, B<New aliases> =item VERSION 3.01 (2010-02-15; sbeck) B<Fixed Makefile.PL and Build.PL> =item VERSION 3.00 (2010-02-10; sbeck) B<(*) New maintainer>, B<(*) (!) All codes are generated from standards>, B<Added new codeset(s)>, B<(*) (!) Locale::Script changed>, B<Added missing functions>, B<(!) Dropped support for _alias_code>, B<(!) All functions return the standard value>, B<(!) rename_country function altered> =item VERSION 2.07 (2004-06-10; neilb) =item VERSION 2.06 (2002-07-15; neilb) =item VERSION 2.05 (2002-07-08; neilb) =item VERSION 2.04 (2002-05-23; neilb) =item VERSION 2.03 (2002-03-24; neilb) =item VERSION 2.02 (2002-03-09; neilb) =item VERSION 2.01 (2002-02-18; neilb) =item VERSION 2.00 (2002-02-17; neilb) =item VERSION 1.06 (2001-03-04; neilb) =item VERSION 1.05 (2001-02-13; neilb) =item VERSION 1.04 (2000-12-21; neilb) =item VERSION 1.03 (2000-12-??; neilb) =item VERSION 1.02 (2000-05-04; neilb) =item VERSION 1.00 (1998-03-09; neilb) =item VERSION 0.003 (1997-05-09; neilb) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::Country - standard codes for country identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha-2, LOCALE_CODE_ALPHA_2>, B<alpha-3, LOCALE_CODE_ALPHA_3>, B<numeric, LOCALE_CODE_NUMERIC>, B<dom, LOCALE_CODE_DOM>, B<un-alpha-3, LOCALE_CODE_UN_ALPHA_3>, B<un-numeric, LOCALE_CODE_UN_NUMERIC>, B<genc-alpha-2, LOCALE_CODE_GENC_ALPHA_2>, B<genc-alpha-3, LOCALE_CODE_GENC_ALPHA_3>, B<genc-numeric, LOCALE_CODE_GENC_NUMERIC> =item ROUTINES B<code2country(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<country2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<country_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_country_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_country_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::rename_country(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::add_country(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::delete_country(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::add_country_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::delete_country_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::rename_country_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::add_country_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Country::delete_country_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<Locale::SubCountry>, L<http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes.htm>, L<http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/iso-3166-1_decoding_t able.htm>, L<http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/>, L<http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm>, L<https://nsgreg.nga.mil/genc/discovery>, L<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/prin t_appendix-d.html>, L<http://www.statoids.com/wab.html> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::Currency - standard codes for currency identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha, LOCALE_CURR_ALPHA>, B<num, LOCALE_CURR_NUMERIC> =item ROUTINES B<code2currency(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<currency2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<currency_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_currency_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_currency_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::rename_currency(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::add_currency(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::delete_currency(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::add_currency_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::delete_currency_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::rename_currency_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::add_currency_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Currency::delete_currency_code_alias( CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.iso.org/iso/support/currency_codes_list-1.htm> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::LangExt - standard codes for language extension identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha> =item ROUTINES B<code2langext(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<langext2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<langext_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_langext_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_langext_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::rename_langext(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::add_langext(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::delete_langext(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::add_langext_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::delete_langext_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::rename_langext_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::add_langext_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangExt::delete_langext_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::LangFam - standard codes for language extension identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha> =item ROUTINES B<code2langfam(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<langfam2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<langfam_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_langfam_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_langfam_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::rename_langfam(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::add_langfam(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::delete_langfam(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::add_langfam_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::delete_langfam_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::rename_langfam_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::add_langfam_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangFam::delete_langfam_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-5/id.php> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::LangVar - standard codes for language variation identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha> =item ROUTINES B<code2langvar(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<langvar2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<langvar_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_langvar_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_langvar_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::rename_langvar(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::add_langvar(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::delete_langvar(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::add_langvar_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::delete_langvar_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::rename_langvar_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::add_langvar_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::LangVar::delete_langvar_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::Language - standard codes for language identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha-2, LOCALE_LANG_ALPHA_2>, B<alpha-3, LOCALE_LANG_ALPHA_3>, B<term, LOCALE_LANG_TERM> =item ROUTINES B<code2language(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<language2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<language_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_language_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_language_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::rename_language(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::add_language(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::delete_language(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::add_language_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::delete_language_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::rename_language_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::add_language_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Language::delete_language_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/>, L<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-5/>, L<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Codes::Script - standard codes for script identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha, LOCALE_SCRIPT_ALPHA>, B<num, LOCALE_SCRIPT_NUMERIC> =item ROUTINES B<code2script(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<script2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<script_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_script_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_script_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::rename_script(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::add_script(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::delete_script(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::add_script_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::delete_script_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::rename_script_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::add_script_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Codes::Script::delete_script_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.unicode.org/iso15924/>, L<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Country - standard codes for country identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha-2, LOCALE_CODE_ALPHA_2>, B<alpha-3, LOCALE_CODE_ALPHA_3>, B<numeric, LOCALE_CODE_NUMERIC>, B<dom, LOCALE_CODE_DOM>, B<un-alpha-3, LOCALE_CODE_UN_ALPHA_3>, B<un-numeric, LOCALE_CODE_UN_NUMERIC>, B<genc-alpha-2, LOCALE_CODE_GENC_ALPHA_2>, B<genc-alpha-3, LOCALE_CODE_GENC_ALPHA_3>, B<genc-numeric, LOCALE_CODE_GENC_NUMERIC> =item ROUTINES B<code2country(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<country2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<country_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_country_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_country_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Country::rename_country(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Country::add_country(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Country::delete_country(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Country::add_country_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Country::delete_country_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Country::rename_country_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Country::add_country_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Country::delete_country_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<Locale::SubCountry>, L<http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes.htm>, L<http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/iso-3166-1_decoding_t able.htm>, L<http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/>, L<http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm>, L<https://nsgreg.nga.mil/genc/discovery>, L<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/prin t_appendix-d.html>, L<http://www.statoids.com/wab.html> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Currency - standard codes for currency identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha, LOCALE_CURR_ALPHA>, B<num, LOCALE_CURR_NUMERIC> =item ROUTINES B<code2currency(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<currency2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<currency_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_currency_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_currency_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Currency::rename_currency(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Currency::add_currency(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Currency::delete_currency(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Currency::add_currency_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Currency::delete_currency_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Currency::rename_currency_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Currency::add_currency_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Currency::delete_currency_code_alias( CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.iso.org/iso/support/currency_codes_list-1.htm> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Language - standard codes for language identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha-2, LOCALE_LANG_ALPHA_2>, B<alpha-3, LOCALE_LANG_ALPHA_3>, B<term, LOCALE_LANG_TERM> =item ROUTINES B<code2language(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<language2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<language_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_language_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_language_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Language::rename_language(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Language::add_language(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Language::delete_language(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Language::add_language_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Language::delete_language_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Language::rename_language_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Language::add_language_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Language::delete_language_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/>, L<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-5/>, L<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item QUICK OVERVIEW =item METHODS =over 4 =item Construction Methods =item The "maketext" Method $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto, $lh->blacklist(@list), $lh->whitelist(@list) =item Utility Methods $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), $language->numf($number), $language->numerate($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), $language->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding() =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals =back =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON =item BRACKET NOTATION =item BRACKET NOTATION SECURITY =item AUTO LEXICONS =item READONLY LEXICONS =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Locale::Maketext::Cookbook - recipes for using Locale::Maketext =over 4 =item INTRODUCTION =item ONESIDED LEXICONS =item DECIMAL PLACES IN NUMBER FORMATTING =back =head2 Locale::Maketext::Guts - Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader - Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Locale::Maketext::Simple - Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item Class =item Path =item Style =item Export =item Subclass =item Decode =item Encoding =back =back =over 4 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item The "MIT" License =back =back =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes =over 4 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You =item The Linguistic View =item Breaking gettext =item Replacing gettext =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation =item Buzzword: Isomorphism =item Buzzword: Inheritance =item Buzzword: Concision =item The Devil in the Details =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites =item References =back =back =head2 Locale::Script - standard codes for script identification =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SUPPORTED CODE SETS B<alpha, LOCALE_SCRIPT_ALPHA>, B<num, LOCALE_SCRIPT_NUMERIC> =item ROUTINES B<code2script(CODE [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<script2code(NAME [,CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<script_code2code(CODE ,CODESET ,CODESET2)>, B<all_script_codes([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<all_script_names([CODESET] [,'retired'])>, B<Locale::Script::rename_script(CODE ,NEW_NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Script::add_script(CODE ,NAME [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Script::delete_script(CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Script::add_script_alias(NAME ,NEW_NAME)>, B<Locale::Script::delete_script_alias(NAME)>, B<Locale::Script::rename_script_code(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Script::add_script_code_alias(CODE ,NEW_CODE [,CODESET])>, B<Locale::Script::delete_script_code_alias(CODE [,CODESET])> =item SEE ALSO L<Locale::Codes>, L<Locale::Codes::API>, L<http://www.unicode.org/iso15924/>, L<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry> =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION encode_base64( $bytes ), encode_base64( $bytes, $eol );, decode_base64( $str ), encode_base64url( $bytes ), decode_base64url( $str ), encoded_base64_length( $bytes ), encoded_base64_length( $bytes, $eol ), decoded_base64_length( $str ) =item EXAMPLES =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION encode_qp( $str), encode_qp( $str, $eol), encode_qp( $str, $eol, $binmode ), decode_qp( $str ) =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Input =item Output =back =item METHODS =over 4 =item Configuration methods accuracy(), precision() =item Constructor methods from_hex(), from_oct(), from_bin(), bpi() =item Arithmetic methods bmuladd(), bdiv(), bmod(), bexp(), bnok(), bsin(), bcos(), batan(), batan2(), as_float() =item ACCURACY AND PRECISION =item Rounding bfround ( +$scale ), bfround ( -$scale ), bfround ( 0 ), bround ( +$scale ), bround ( -$scale ) and bround ( 0 ) =back =item Autocreating constants =over 4 =item Math library =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite =back =item EXPORTS =item CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), brsft(), Modifying and =, precision() vs. accuracy() =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix, The Bignum mailing list, Post to mailing list, View mailing list, Subscribe/Unsubscribe =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Input =item Output =back =item METHODS =over 4 =item Configuration methods accuracy(), precision(), div_scale(), round_mode(), upgrade(), downgrade(), modify(), config() =item Constructor methods new(), from_hex(), from_oct(), from_bin(), from_bytes(), bzero(), bone(), binf(), bnan(), bpi(), copy(), as_int(), as_number() =item Boolean methods is_zero(), is_one( [ SIGN ]), is_finite(), is_inf( [ SIGN ] ), is_nan(), is_positive(), is_pos(), is_negative(), is_neg(), is_odd(), is_even(), is_int() =item Comparison methods bcmp(), bacmp(), beq(), bne(), blt(), ble(), bgt(), bge() =item Arithmetic methods bneg(), babs(), bsgn(), bnorm(), binc(), bdec(), badd(), bsub(), bmul(), bmuladd(), bdiv(), btdiv(), bmod(), btmod(), bmodinv(), bmodpow(), bpow(), blog(), bexp(), bnok(), bsin(), bcos(), batan(), batan2(), bsqrt(), broot(), bfac(), brsft(), blsft() =item Bitwise methods band(), bior(), bxor(), bnot() =item Rounding methods round(), bround(), bfround(), bfloor(), bceil(), bint() =item Other mathematical methods bgcd(), blcm() =item Object property methods sign(), digit(), length(), mantissa(), exponent(), parts(), sparts(), nparts(), eparts(), dparts() =item String conversion methods bstr(), bsstr(), bnstr(), bestr(), bdstr(), as_hex(), as_bin(), as_oct(), as_bytes() =item Other conversion methods numify() =back =item ACCURACY and PRECISION =over 4 =item Precision P =item Accuracy A =item Fallback F =item Rounding mode R 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', 'common', Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks =back =item Infinity and Not a Number oct()/hex() =item INTERNALS =over 4 =item MATH LIBRARY =item SIGN =back =item EXAMPLES =item Autocreating constants =item PERFORMANCE =over 4 =item Alternative math libraries =back =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt =back =item UPGRADING =over 4 =item Auto-upgrade =back =item EXPORTS =item CAVEATS Comparing numbers as strings, int(), Modifying and =, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix, The Bignum mailing list, Post to mailing list, View mailing list, Subscribe/Unsubscribe =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS __emu_bxor, __emu_band, __emu_bior =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix, The Bignum mailing list, Post to mailing list, View mailing list, Subscribe/Unsubscribe =item LICENSE =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Math::BigInt::FastCalc - Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item STORAGE =item METHODS =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix, The Bignum mailing list, Post to mailing list, View mailing list, Subscribe/Unsubscribe =item LICENSE =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Math::BigInt::Lib - virtual parent class for Math::BigInt libraries =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item General Notes api_version(), _new(STR), _zero(), _one(), _two(), _ten(), _from_bin(STR), _from_oct(STR), _from_hex(STR), _from_bytes(STR), _add(OBJ1, OBJ2), _mul(OBJ1, OBJ2), _div(OBJ1, OBJ2), _sub(OBJ1, OBJ2, FLAG), _sub(OBJ1, OBJ2), _dec(OBJ), _inc(OBJ), _mod(OBJ1, OBJ2), _sqrt(OBJ), _root(OBJ, N), _fac(OBJ), _pow(OBJ1, OBJ2), _modinv(OBJ1, OBJ2), _modpow(OBJ1, OBJ2, OBJ3), _rsft(OBJ, N, B), _lsft(OBJ, N, B), _log_int(OBJ, B), _gcd(OBJ1, OBJ2), _lcm(OBJ1, OBJ2), _and(OBJ1, OBJ2), _or(OBJ1, OBJ2), _xor(OBJ1, OBJ2), _is_zero(OBJ), _is_one(OBJ), _is_two(OBJ), _is_ten(OBJ), _is_even(OBJ), _is_odd(OBJ), _acmp(OBJ1, OBJ2), _str(OBJ), _as_bin(OBJ), _as_oct(OBJ), _as_hex(OBJ), _as_bytes(OBJ), _num(OBJ), _copy(OBJ), _len(OBJ), _zeros(OBJ), _digit(OBJ, N), _check(OBJ) =item API version 2 _1ex(N), _nok(OBJ1, OBJ2), _alen(OBJ) =item API optional methods _signed_or(OBJ1, OBJ2, SIGN1, SIGN2), _signed_and(OBJ1, OBJ2, SIGN1, SIGN2), _signed_xor(OBJ1, OBJ2, SIGN1, SIGN2) =back =item WRAP YOUR OWN =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix, The Bignum mailing list, Post to mailing list, View mailing list, Subscribe/Unsubscribe =item LICENSE =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item MATH LIBRARY =back =item METHODS new(), numerator(), denominator(), parts(), numify(), as_int()/as_number(), as_float(), as_hex(), as_bin(), as_oct(), from_hex(), from_oct(), from_bin(), bnan(), bzero(), binf(), bone(), length(), digit(), bnorm(), bfac(), bround()/round()/bfround(), bmod(), bmodinv(), bmodpow(), bneg(), is_one(), is_zero(), is_pos()/is_positive(), is_neg()/is_negative(), is_int(), is_odd(), is_even(), bceil(), bfloor(), bint(), bsqrt(), broot(), badd(), bmul(), bsub(), bdiv(), bdec(), binc(), copy(), bstr()/bsstr(), bcmp(), bacmp(), beq(), bne(), blt(), ble(), bgt(), bge(), blsft()/brsft(), band(), bior(), bxor(), bnot(), bpow(), blog(), bexp(), bnok(), config() =item BUGS =item SUPPORT RT: CPAN's request tracker, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, Search CPAN, CPAN Testers Matrix, The Bignum mailing list, Post to mailing list, View mailing list, Subscribe/Unsubscribe =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPERATIONS =item CREATION =item DISPLAYING =over 4 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 =back =item USAGE =item CONSTANTS =over 4 =item PI =item Inf =back =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item LICENSE =back =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS B<tan> =over 4 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS =back =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS deg2rad, grad2rad, rad2deg, grad2deg, deg2grad, rad2grad, rad2rad, deg2deg, grad2grad =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS =over 4 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS =over 4 =item great_circle_distance =item great_circle_direction =item great_circle_bearing =item great_circle_destination =item great_circle_midpoint =item great_circle_waypoint =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS =item Real-valued asin and acos asin_real, acos_real =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item LICENSE =back =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item DETAILS =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item INSTALL =item NORMALIZER =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE> C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE> =back =item OTHER FACILITIES =over 4 =item C<unmemoize> =item C<flush_cache> =back =item CAVEATS =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT =item BUGS =item MAILING LIST =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item THANK YOU =back =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item INTERFACE TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE =item ALTERNATIVES =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Module::CoreList - what modules shipped with versions of perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS API C<first_release( MODULE )>, C<first_release_by_date( MODULE )>, C<find_modules( REGEX, [ LIST OF PERLS ] )>, C<find_version( PERL_VERSION )>, C<is_core( MODULE, [ MODULE_VERSION, [ PERL_VERSION ] ] )>, C<is_deprecated( MODULE, PERL_VERSION )>, C<deprecated_in( MODULE )>, C<removed_from( MODULE )>, C<removed_from_by_date( MODULE )>, C<changes_between( PERL_VERSION, PERL_VERSION )> =item DATA STRUCTURES C<%Module::CoreList::version>, C<%Module::CoreList::delta>, C<%Module::CoreList::released>, C<%Module::CoreList::families>, C<%Module::CoreList::deprecated>, C<%Module::CoreList::upstream>, C<%Module::CoreList::bug_tracker> =item CAVEATS =item HISTORY =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Module::CoreList::Utils - what utilities shipped with versions of perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS API C<utilities>, C<first_release( UTILITY )>, C<first_release_by_date( UTILITY )>, C<removed_from( UTILITY )>, C<removed_from_by_date( UTILITY )> =item DATA STRUCTURES C<%Module::CoreList::Utils::utilities> =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Module::Load - runtime require of both modules and files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Difference between C<load> and C<autoload> =back =item FUNCTIONS load, autoload, load_remote, autoload_remote =item Rules =item IMPORTS THE FUNCTIONS "load","autoload","load_remote","autoload_remote", 'all', '','none',undef =item Caveats =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item BUG REPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Module::Load::Conditional - Looking up module information / loading at runtime =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Methods =over 4 =item $href = check_install( module => NAME [, version => VERSION, verbose => BOOL ] ); module, version, verbose, file, dir, version, uptodate =back =back =over 4 =item $bool = can_load( modules => { NAME => VERSION [,NAME => VERSION] }, [verbose => BOOL, nocache => BOOL, autoload => BOOL] ) modules, verbose, nocache, autoload =back =over 4 =item @list = requires( MODULE ); =back =over 4 =item Global Variables =over 4 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::VERBOSE =item $Module::Load::Conditional::FIND_VERSION =item $Module::Load::Conditional::CHECK_INC_HASH =item $Module::Load::Conditional::FORCE_SAFE_INC =item $Module::Load::Conditional::CACHE =item $Module::Load::Conditional::ERROR =item $Module::Load::Conditional::DEPRECATED =back =item See Also =item BUG REPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Module::Loaded - mark modules as loaded or unloaded =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item $bool = mark_as_loaded( PACKAGE ); =back =back =over 4 =item $bool = mark_as_unloaded( PACKAGE ); =back =over 4 =item $loc = is_loaded( PACKAGE ); =back =over 4 =item BUG REPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Module::Metadata - Gather package and POD information from perl module files =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CLASS METHODS =over 4 =item C<< new_from_file($filename, collect_pod => 1) >> =item C<< new_from_handle($handle, $filename, collect_pod => 1) >> =item C<< new_from_module($module, collect_pod => 1, inc => \@dirs) >> =item C<< find_module_by_name($module, \@dirs) >> =item C<< find_module_dir_by_name($module, \@dirs) >> =item C<< provides( %options ) >> version B<(required)>, dir, files, prefix =item C<< package_versions_from_directory($dir, \@files?) >> =item C<< log_info (internal) >> =back =item OBJECT METHODS =over 4 =item C<< name() >> =item C<< version($package) >> =item C<< filename() >> =item C<< packages_inside() >> =item C<< pod_inside() >> =item C<< contains_pod() >> =item C<< pod($section) >> =item C<< is_indexable($package) >> or C<< is_indexable() >> =back =item SUPPORT =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Enforcing redispatch =item Avoiding repetitions =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call =item Using C<EVERY> methods =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USER METHODS debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend () =item CLASS METHODS debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( DIR, TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () =item PSEUDO RESPONSES Initial value, Connection closed, Timeout =item EXPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS requires_firewall ( HOST ) =item NetConfig VALUES nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, 0Z<>, 1Z<>, 2Z<>, 3Z<>, 4Z<>, 5Z<>, 6Z<>, 7Z<>, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_passive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION hostfqdn (), domainname (), hostname (), hostdomain () =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW =item CONSTRUCTOR new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) =item METHODS login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), starttls (), stoptls (), prot ( LEVEL ), host (), account( ACCT ), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), ascii (), binary (), type ( [ TYPE ] ), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), passive ( [ PASSIVE ] ), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), feature ( NAME ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), eprt ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), epsv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit () =over 4 =item Methods for the adventurous quot (CMD [,ARGS]), can_inet6 (), can_ssl () =back =item THE dataconn CLASS =item UNIMPLEMENTED B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN> =item REPORTING BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item USE EXAMPLES http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/ =item CREDITS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) =item METHODS host (), starttls (), article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), help ( ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), authinfo_simple ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit (), can_inet6 (), can_ssl () =over 4 =item Extension methods newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), distribution_patterns (), subscriptions (), overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover (), listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader () =back =item UNSUPPORTED =item DEFINITIONS MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item THE .netrc FILE machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name =item CONSTRUCTOR lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ]) =item METHODS login (), password (), account (), lpa () =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) =item METHODS host (), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), starttls ( SSLARGS ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit (), can_inet6 (), can_ssl () =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions Net::Ping->new([proto, timeout, bytes, device, tos, ttl, family, host, port, bind, gateway, retrans, pingstring, source_verify econnrefused dontfrag IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU IPV6_RECVPATHMTU]), $p->ping($host [, $timeout [, $family]]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->time, $p->socket_blocking_mode( $fh, $mode );, $p->IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU, $p->IPV6_RECVPATHMTU, $p->IPV6_HOPLIMIT, $p->IPV6_REACHCONF I<NYI>, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->ack_unfork($host), $p->ping_icmp([$host, $timeout, $family]), $p->ping_icmpv6([$host, $timeout, $family]) I<NYI>, $p->ping_stream([$host, $timeout, $family]), $p->ping_syn([$host, $ip, $start_time, $stop_time]), $p->ping_syn_fork([$host, $timeout, $family]), $p->ping_tcp([$host, $timeout, $family]), $p->ping_udp([$host, $timeout, $family]), $p->ping_external([$host, $timeout, $family]), $p->tcp_connect([$ip, $timeout]), $p->tcp_echo([$ip, $timeout, $pingstring]), $p->close();, $p->port_number([$port_number]), $p->mselect, $p->ntop, $p->checksum($msg), $p->icmp_result, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);, wakeonlan($mac, [$host, [$port]]) =back =item NOTES =item INSTALL =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) =item METHODS banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), starttls ( SSLARGS ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), auth ( SASL ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), bdat ( DATA ), bdatlast ( DATA ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit (), can_inet6 (), can_ssl () =item ADDRESSES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]) =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Where to get this document =item How to contribute to this document =back =item Author and Copyright Information =over 4 =item Disclaimer =back =item Obtaining and installing libnet =over 4 =item What is libnet ? =item Which version of perl do I need ? =item What other modules do I need ? =item What machines support libnet ? =item Where can I get the latest libnet release =back =item Using Net::FTP =over 4 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ? =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ? =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ? =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ? =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ? =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ? =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ? =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ? =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ? =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside ? =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ? =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it documented ? =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods =back =item Using Net::SMTP =over 4 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ? =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ? =item The verify method always returns true ? =back =item Debugging scripts =over 4 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONVENTIONS =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item WARNING =item Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) =item Opcode Functions opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT) =item Manipulating Opsets =item TO DO (maybe) =back =over 4 =item Predefined Opcode Tags :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :load, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =item FUNCTIONS C<_exit>, C<abort>, C<abs>, C<access>, C<acos>, C<acosh>, C<alarm>, C<asctime>, C<asin>, C<asinh>, C<assert>, C<atan>, C<atanh>, C<atan2>, C<atexit>, C<atof>, C<atoi>, C<atol>, C<bsearch>, C<calloc>, C<cbrt>, C<ceil>, C<chdir>, C<chmod>, C<chown>, C<clearerr>, C<clock>, C<close>, C<closedir>, C<cos>, C<cosh>, C<copysign>, C<creat>, C<ctermid>, C<ctime>, C<cuserid>, C<difftime>, C<div>, C<dup>, C<dup2>, C<erf>, C<erfc>, C<errno>, C<execl>, C<execle>, C<execlp>, C<execv>, C<execve>, C<execvp>, C<exit>, C<exp>, C<expm1>, C<fabs>, C<fclose>, C<fcntl>, C<fdopen>, C<feof>, C<ferror>, C<fflush>, C<fgetc>, C<fgetpos>, C<fgets>, C<fileno>, C<floor>, C<fdim>, C<fegetround>, C<fesetround>, C<fma>, C<fmax>, C<fmin>, C<fmod>, C<fopen>, C<fork>, C<fpathconf>, C<fpclassify>, C<fprintf>, C<fputc>, C<fputs>, C<fread>, C<free>, C<freopen>, C<frexp>, C<fscanf>, C<fseek>, C<fsetpos>, C<fstat>, C<fsync>, C<ftell>, C<fwrite>, C<getc>, C<getchar>, C<getcwd>, C<getegid>, C<getenv>, C<geteuid>, C<getgid>, C<getgrgid>, C<getgrnam>, C<getgroups>, C<getlogin>, C<getpayload>, C<getpgrp>, C<getpid>, C<getppid>, C<getpwnam>, C<getpwuid>, C<gets>, C<getuid>, C<gmtime>, C<hypot>, C<ilogb>, C<Inf>, C<isalnum>, C<isalpha>, C<isatty>, C<iscntrl>, C<isdigit>, C<isfinite>, C<isgraph>, C<isgreater>, C<isinf>, C<islower>, C<isnan>, C<isnormal>, C<isprint>, C<ispunct>, C<issignaling>, C<isspace>, C<isupper>, C<isxdigit>, C<j0>, C<j1>, C<jn>, C<y0>, C<y1>, C<yn>, C<kill>, C<labs>, C<lchown>, C<ldexp>, C<ldiv>, C<lgamma>, C<log1p>, C<log2>, C<logb>, C<link>, C<localeconv>, C<localtime>, C<log>, C<log10>, C<longjmp>, C<lseek>, C<lrint>, C<lround>, C<malloc>, C<mblen>, C<mbstowcs>, C<mbtowc>, C<memchr>, C<memcmp>, C<memcpy>, C<memmove>, C<memset>, C<mkdir>, C<mkfifo>, C<mktime>, C<modf>, C<NaN>, C<nan>, C<nearbyint>, C<nextafter>, C<nexttoward>, C<nice>, C<offsetof>, C<open>, C<opendir>, C<pathconf>, C<pause>, C<perror>, C<pipe>, C<pow>, C<printf>, C<putc>, C<putchar>, C<puts>, C<qsort>, C<raise>, C<rand>, C<read>, C<readdir>, C<realloc>, C<remainder>, C<remove>, C<remquo>, C<rename>, C<rewind>, C<rewinddir>, C<rint>, C<rmdir>, C<round>, C<scalbn>, C<scanf>, C<setgid>, C<setjmp>, C<setlocale>, C<setpayload>, C<setpayloadsig>, C<setpgid>, C<setsid>, C<setuid>, C<sigaction>, C<siglongjmp>, C<signbit>, C<sigpending>, C<sigprocmask>, C<sigsetjmp>, C<sigsuspend>, C<sin>, C<sinh>, C<sleep>, C<sprintf>, C<sqrt>, C<srand>, C<sscanf>, C<stat>, C<strcat>, C<strchr>, C<strcmp>, C<strcoll>, C<strcpy>, C<strcspn>, C<strerror>, C<strftime>, C<strlen>, C<strncat>, C<strncmp>, C<strncpy>, C<strpbrk>, C<strrchr>, C<strspn>, C<strstr>, C<strtod>, C<strtok>, C<strtol>, C<strtold>, C<strtoul>, C<strxfrm>, C<sysconf>, C<system>, C<tan>, C<tanh>, C<tcdrain>, C<tcflow>, C<tcflush>, C<tcgetpgrp>, C<tcsendbreak>, C<tcsetpgrp>, C<tgamma>, C<time>, C<times>, C<tmpfile>, C<tmpnam>, C<tolower>, C<toupper>, C<trunc>, C<ttyname>, C<tzname>, C<tzset>, C<umask>, C<uname>, C<ungetc>, C<unlink>, C<utime>, C<vfprintf>, C<vprintf>, C<vsprintf>, C<wait>, C<waitpid>, C<wcstombs>, C<wctomb>, C<write> =item CLASSES =over 4 =item C<POSIX::SigAction> C<new>, C<handler>, C<mask>, C<flags>, C<safe> =item C<POSIX::SigRt> C<%SIGRT>, C<SIGRTMIN>, C<SIGRTMAX> =item C<POSIX::SigSet> C<new>, C<addset>, C<delset>, C<emptyset>, C<fillset>, C<ismember> =item C<POSIX::Termios> C<new>, C<getattr>, C<getcc>, C<getcflag>, C<getiflag>, C<getispeed>, C<getlflag>, C<getoflag>, C<getospeed>, C<setattr>, C<setcc>, C<setcflag>, C<setiflag>, C<setispeed>, C<setlflag>, C<setoflag>, C<setospeed>, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, C<c_cc> field values, C<c_cflag> field values, C<c_iflag> field values, C<c_lflag> field values, C<c_oflag> field values =back =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants =item POSIX CONSTANTS Constants =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants =item ERRNO Constants =item FCNTL Constants =item FLOAT Constants =item FLOATING-POINT ENVIRONMENT Constants =item LIMITS Constants =item LOCALE Constants =item MATH Constants =item SIGNAL Constants =item STAT Constants, Macros =item STDLIB Constants =item STDIO Constants =item TIME Constants =item UNISTD Constants =item WAIT Constants, C<WNOHANG>, C<WUNTRACED>, Macros, C<WIFEXITED>, C<WEXITSTATUS>, C<WIFSIGNALED>, C<WTERMSIG>, C<WIFSTOPPED>, C<WSTOPSIG> =item WINSOCK Constants =back =head2 Params::Check - A generic input parsing/checking mechanism. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Template default, required, strict_type, defined, no_override, store, allow =item Functions =over 4 =item check( \%tmpl, \%args, [$verbose] ); Template, Arguments, Verbose =back =back =over 4 =item allow( $test_me, \@criteria ); string, regexp, subroutine, array ref =back =over 4 =item last_error() =back =over 4 =item Global Variables =over 4 =item $Params::Check::VERBOSE =item $Params::Check::STRICT_TYPE =item $Params::Check::ALLOW_UNKNOWN =item $Params::Check::STRIP_LEADING_DASHES =item $Params::Check::NO_DUPLICATES =item $Params::Check::PRESERVE_CASE =item $Params::Check::ONLY_ALLOW_DEFINED =item $Params::Check::SANITY_CHECK_TEMPLATE =item $Params::Check::WARNINGS_FATAL =item $Params::Check::CALLER_DEPTH =back =item Acknowledgements =item BUG REPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Parse::CPAN::Meta - Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item load_file =item load_yaml_string =item load_json_string =item load_string =item yaml_backend =item json_backend =item json_decoder =back =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item Load =item LoadFile =back =item ENVIRONMENT =over 4 =item CPAN_META_JSON_DECODER =item CPAN_META_JSON_BACKEND =item PERL_JSON_BACKEND =item PERL_YAML_BACKEND =back =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Perl::OSType - Map Perl operating system names to generic types =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =over 4 =item os_type() =item is_os_type() =back =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =over 4 =item Bugs / Feature Requests =item Source Code =back =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32 =over 4 =item Custom Layers :encoding, :mmap, :via =item Alternatives to raw =item Defaults and how to override them =item Querying the layers of filehandles =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 PerlIO::mmap - Memory mapped IO =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE =back =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE =back =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPECTED METHODS $class->PUSHED([$mode,[$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->UTF8($belowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode,[$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd,[$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle =back =back =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item VERSION =item DESCRIPTION =item REQUIRED MODULES =item SEE ALSO =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Pod::Checker - check pod documents for syntax errors =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS =over 4 =item podchecker() B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>, B<-quiet> =E<gt> I<val> =back =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item Errors empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, You forgot a '=back' before '=headI<N>', =over is the last thing in the document?!, '=item' outside of any '=over', =back without =over, Can't have a 0 in =over I<N>, =over should be: '=over' or '=over positive_number', =begin I<TARGET> without matching =end I<TARGET>, =begin without a target?, =end I<TARGET> without matching =begin, '=end' without a target?, '=end I<TARGET>' is invalid, =end I<CONTENT> doesn't match =begin I<TARGET>, =for without a target?, unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown directive: I<CMD>, Deleting unknown formatting code I<SEQ>, Unterminated I<SEQ>E<lt>E<gt> sequence, An EE<lt>...E<gt> surrounding strange content, An empty EE<lt>E<gt>, An empty C<< LE<lt>E<gt> >>, An empty XE<lt>E<gt>, A non-empty ZE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, =back doesn't take any parameters, but you said =back I<ARGUMENT>, =pod directives shouldn't be over one line long! Ignoring all I<N> lines of content, =cut found outside a pod block, Invalid =encoding syntax: I<CONTENT> =item Warnings nested commands I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, multiple occurrences (I<N>) of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, =item has no contents, You can't have =items (as at line I<N>) unless the first thing after the =over is an =item, Expected '=item I<EXPECTED VALUE>', Expected '=item *', Possible =item type mismatch: 'I<x>' found leading a supposed definition =item, You have '=item x' instead of the expected '=item I<N>', Unknown E content in EE<lt>I<CONTENT>E<gt>, empty =over/=back block, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher level =item Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or / =back =item RETURN VALUE =item EXAMPLES =item SCRIPTS =item INTERFACE =back C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )> C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts}, @args )> C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()> C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()> C<$checker-E<gt>name()> C<$checker-E<gt>node()> C<$checker-E<gt>idx()> C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlinks()> line() type() page() node() =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Escapes - for resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item GOODIES e2char($e_content), e2charnum($e_content), $Name2character{I<name>}, $Name2character_number{I<name>}, $Latin1Code_to_fallback{I<integer>}, $Latin1Char_to_fallback{I<character>}, $Code2USASCII{I<integer>} =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item REPOSITORY =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )> C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt> 1> =back =over 4 =item C<simplify_name( $str )> =back =over 4 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )> C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt> 1> =back =over 4 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )> =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item pod2html backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, outfile, poderrors, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose =item htmlify =item anchorify =back =item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::InputSource> =back =over 4 =item B<new()> =back =over 4 =item B<name()> =back =over 4 =item B<handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<was_cutting()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::Paragraph> =back =over 4 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence> =back =over 4 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()> =back =over 4 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::ParseTree> =back =over 4 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()> =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION center, date, errors, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, lquote, rquote, name, nourls, quotes, release, section, stderr, utf8 =item DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid errors setting "%s", Invalid quote specification "%s", POD document had syntax errors =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_CORE, POD_MAN_DATE, SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH =item BUGS =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item Pod::List Pod::List-E<gt>new() =back $list-E<gt>file() $list-E<gt>start() $list-E<gt>indent() $list-E<gt>type() $list-E<gt>rx() $list-E<gt>item() $list-E<gt>parent() $list-E<gt>tag() =over 4 =item Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new() =back $link-E<gt>parse($string) $link-E<gt>markup($string) $link-E<gt>text() $link-E<gt>warning() $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line() $link-E<gt>page() $link-E<gt>node() $link-E<gt>alttext() $link-E<gt>type() $link-E<gt>link() =over 4 =item Pod::Cache Pod::Cache-E<gt>new() =back $cache-E<gt>item() $cache-E<gt>find_page($name) =over 4 =item Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new() =back $cacheitem-E<gt>page() $cacheitem-E<gt>description() $cacheitem-E<gt>path() $cacheitem-E<gt>file() $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes() $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name) $cacheitem-E<gt>idx() =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION =item QUICK OVERVIEW =item PARSING OPTIONS B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset), B<-warnings> (default: unset) =back =over 4 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back =over 4 =item B<command()> C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<verbatim()> C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<textblock()> C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<interior_sequence()> =back =over 4 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back =over 4 =item B<new()> =back =over 4 =item B<initialize()> =back =over 4 =item B<begin_pod()> =back =over 4 =item B<begin_input()> =back =over 4 =item B<end_input()> =back =over 4 =item B<end_pod()> =back =over 4 =item B<preprocess_line()> =back =over 4 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()> =back =over 4 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING =back =over 4 =item B<parse_text()> B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name> =back =over 4 =item B<interpolate()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_paragraph()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_from_file()> =back =over 4 =item ACCESSOR METHODS =back =over 4 =item B<errorsub()> =back =over 4 =item B<cutting()> =back =over 4 =item B<parseopts()> =back =over 4 =item B<output_file()> =back =over 4 =item B<output_handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_file()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_streams()> =back =over 4 =item B<top_stream()> =back =over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back =over 4 =item B<_push_input_stream()> =back =over 4 =item B<_pop_input_stream()> =back =over 4 =item TREE-BASED PARSING =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo - Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO - Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION Call Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO::getopts($object, \@ARGV, $truth), Given -n, if there's a opt_n_with, it'll call $object->opt_n_with( ARGUMENT ) (e.g., "-n foo" => $object->opt_n_with('foo'). Ditto "-nfoo"), Otherwise (given -n) if there's an opt_n, we'll call it $object->opt_n($truth) (Truth defaults to 1), Otherwise we try calling $object->handle_unknown_option('n') (and we increment the error count by the return value of it), If there's no handle_unknown_option, then we just warn, and then increment the error counter =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI - render Pod with ANSI color escapes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm - render Pod with terminal escapes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item PAGER FORMATTING =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION alt, indent, loose, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =item RESTRICTIONS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS =back =over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS =back =over 4 =item B<curr_headings()> =back =over 4 =item B<select()> =back =over 4 =item B<add_selection()> =back =over 4 =item B<clear_selections()> =back =over 4 =item B<match_section()> =back =over 4 =item B<is_selected()> =back =over 4 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item B<podselect()> B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =back =over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back =over 4 =item B<_compile_section_spec()> =back =over 4 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} =back =over 4 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Simple - framework for parsing Pod =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item MAIN METHODS C<< $parser = I<SomeClass>->new(); >>, C<< $parser->output_fh( *OUT ); >>, C<< $parser->output_string( \$somestring ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file( I<$some_filename> ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file( *INPUT_FH ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_string_document( I<$all_content> ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_lines( I<...@lines...>, undef ); >>, C<< $parser->content_seen >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter( I<$filename> ); >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter( I<*INPUT_FH> ); >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter( I<\$document_content> ); >> =item SECONDARY METHODS C<< $parser->parse_characters( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_whining( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->source_filename >>, C<< $parser->doc_has_started >>, C<< $parser->source_dead >>, C<< $parser->strip_verbatim_indent( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >> =item TERTIARY METHODS C<< $parser->abandon_output_fh() >>X<abandon_output_fh>, C<< $parser->abandon_output_string() >>X<abandon_output_string>, C<< $parser->accept_code( @codes ) >>X<accept_code>, C<< $parser->accept_codes( @codes ) >>X<accept_codes>, C<< $parser->accept_directive_as_data( @directives ) >>X<accept_directive_as_data>, C<< $parser->accept_directive_as_processed( @directives ) >>X<accept_directive_as_processed>, C<< $parser->accept_directive_as_verbatim( @directives ) >>X<accept_directive_as_verbatim>, C<< $parser->accept_target( @targets ) >>X<accept_target>, C<< $parser->accept_target_as_text( @targets ) >>X<accept_target_as_text>, C<< $parser->accept_targets( @targets ) >>X<accept_targets>, C<< $parser->accept_targets_as_text( @targets ) >>X<accept_targets_as_text>, C<< $parser->any_errata_seen() >>X<any_errata_seen>, C<< $parser->errata_seen() >>X<errata_seen>, C<< $parser->detected_encoding() >>X<detected_encoding>, C<< $parser->encoding() >>X<encoding>, C<< $parser->parse_from_file( $source, $to ) >>X<parse_from_file>, C<< $parser->scream( @error_messages ) >>X<scream>, C<< $parser->unaccept_code( @codes ) >>X<unaccept_code>, C<< $parser->unaccept_codes( @codes ) >>X<unaccept_codes>, C<< $parser->unaccept_directive( @directives ) >>X<unaccept_directive>, C<< $parser->unaccept_directives( @directives ) >>X<unaccept_directives>, C<< $parser->unaccept_target( @targets ) >>X<unaccept_target>, C<< $parser->unaccept_targets( @targets ) >>X<unaccept_targets>, C<< $parser->version_report() >>X<version_report>, C<< $parser->whine( @error_messages ) >>X<whine> =item ENCODING =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org>, Gabor Szabo C<szabgab@gmail.com>, Shawn H Corey C<SHCOREY at cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::Checker -- check the Pod syntax of a document =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::Debug -- put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =item GUTS =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText -- dump Pod-parsing events as text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML -- turn Pod into XML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::HTML - convert Pod to HTML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CALLING FROM THE COMMAND LINE =item CALLING FROM PERL =over 4 =item Minimal code =item More detailed example =back =item METHODS =over 4 =item html_css =item html_javascript =item title_prefix =item title_postfix =item html_header_before_title =item top_anchor =item html_h_level =item index =item html_header_after_title =item html_footer =back =item SUBCLASSING =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch - convert several Pod files to several HTML files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item FROM THE COMMAND LINE =back =item MAIN METHODS $batchconv = Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch->new;, $batchconv->batch_convert( I<indirs>, I<outdir> );, $batchconv->batch_convert( undef , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( q{@INC}, ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( \@dirs , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( "somedir" , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( 'somedir:someother:also' , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( ... , undef );, $batchconv->batch_convert( ... , 'somedir' ); =over 4 =item ACCESSOR METHODS $batchconv->verbose( I<nonnegative_integer> );, $batchconv->index( I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->contents_file( I<filename> );, $batchconv->contents_page_start( I<HTML_string> );, $batchconv->contents_page_end( I<HTML_string> );, $batchconv->add_css( $url );, $batchconv->add_javascript( $url );, $batchconv->css_flurry( I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->javascript_flurry( I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->no_contents_links( I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->html_render_class( I<classname> );, $batchconv->search_class( I<classname> ); =back =item NOTES ON CUSTOMIZATION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::LinkSection -- represent "section" attributes of L codes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::Methody -- turn Pod::Simple events into method calls =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHOD CALLING =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParser -- a pull-parser interface to parsing Pod =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS my $token = $parser->get_token, $parser->unget_token( $token ), $parser->unget_token( $token1, $token2, ... ), $parser->set_source( $filename ), $parser->set_source( $filehandle_object ), $parser->set_source( \$document_source ), $parser->set_source( \@document_lines ), $parser->parse_file(...), $parser->parse_string_document(...), $parser->filter(...), $parser->parse_from_file(...), my $title_string = $parser->get_title, my $title_string = $parser->get_short_title, $author_name = $parser->get_author, $description_name = $parser->get_description, $version_block = $parser->get_version =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken -- end-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...), $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>) =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken -- start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...), $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>), $token->attr(I<attrname>), $token->attr(I<attrname>, I<newvalue>), $token->attr_hash =item SEE ALSO =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken -- text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $token->text, $token->text(I<somestring>), $token->text_r() =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken -- tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $token->type, $token->is_start, $token->is_text, $token->is_end, $token->dump =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::RTF -- format Pod as RTF =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FORMAT CONTROL ATTRIBUTES $parser->head1_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->head2_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->head3_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->head4_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->codeblock_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->header_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->normal_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );, $parser->no_proofing_exemptions( I<true_or_false> );, $parser->doc_lang( I<microsoft_decimal_language_code> ) =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::Search - find POD documents in directory trees =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR =item ACCESSORS $search->inc( I<true-or-false> );, $search->verbose( I<nonnegative-number> );, $search->limit_glob( I<some-glob-string> );, $search->callback( I<\&some_routine> );, $search->laborious( I<true-or-false> );, $search->recurse( I<true-or-false> );, $search->shadows( I<true-or-false> );, $search->limit_re( I<some-regxp> );, $search->dir_prefix( I<some-string-value> );, $search->progress( I<some-progress-object> );, $name2path = $self->name2path;, $path2name = $self->path2name; =item MAIN SEARCH METHODS =over 4 =item C<< $search->survey( @directories ) >> C<name2path>, C<path2name> =item C<< $search->simplify_name( $str ) >> =item C<< $search->find( $pod ) >> =item C<< $search->find( $pod, @search_dirs ) >> =item C<< $self->contains_pod( $file ) >> =back =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree -- parse Pod into a simple parse tree =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =item Tree Contents =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::Subclassing -- write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Methody, Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree =item Events C<< $parser->_handle_element_start( I<element_name>, I<attr_hashref> ) >>, C<< $parser->_handle_element_end( I<element_name> ) >>, C<< $parser->_handle_text( I<text_string> ) >>, events with an element_name of Document, events with an element_name of Para, events with an element_name of B, C, F, or I, events with an element_name of S, events with an element_name of X, events with an element_name of L, events with an element_name of E or Z, events with an element_name of Verbatim, events with an element_name of head1 .. head4, events with an element_name of encoding, events with an element_name of over-bullet, events with an element_name of over-number, events with an element_name of over-text, events with an element_name of over-block, events with an element_name of over-empty, events with an element_name of item-bullet, events with an element_name of item-number, events with an element_name of item-text, events with an element_name of for, events with an element_name of Data =item More Pod::Simple Methods C<< $parser->accept_targets( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->accept_targets_as_text( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->accept_codes( I<Codename>, I<Codename>... ) >>, C<< $parser->accept_directive_as_data( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<< $parser->accept_directive_as_verbatim( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<< $parser->accept_directive_as_processed( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<< $parser->nbsp_for_S( I<BOOLEAN> ); >>, C<< $parser->version_report() >>, C<< $parser->pod_para_count() >>, C<< $parser->line_count() >>, C<< $parser->nix_X_codes( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->keep_encoding_directive( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->merge_text( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->code_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->cut_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->pod_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->whiteline_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->whine( I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->scream( I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->source_dead(1) >>, C<< $parser->hide_line_numbers( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_whining( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->bare_output( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->preserve_whitespace( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->parse_empty_lists( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >> =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::Text -- format Pod as plaintext =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::TextContent -- get the text content of Pod =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::XHTML -- format Pod as validating XHTML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Minimal code =back =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item perldoc_url_prefix =item perldoc_url_postfix =item man_url_prefix =item man_url_postfix =item title_prefix, title_postfix =item html_css =item html_javascript =item html_doctype =item html_charset =item html_header_tags =item html_h_level =item default_title =item force_title =item html_header, html_footer =item index =item anchor_items =item backlink =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =back =over 4 =item handle_text =item handle_code =item accept_targets_as_html =back =over 4 =item resolve_pod_page_link =back =over 4 =item resolve_man_page_link =back =over 4 =item idify =back =over 4 =item batch_mode_page_object_init =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream -- turn Pod into XML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item ABOUT EXTENDING POD =item SEE ALSO =item SUPPORT =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS =item AUTHOR Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>, Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>, David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org> =back =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION alt, code, errors, indent, loose, margin, nourls, quotes, sentence, stderr, utf8, width =item DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid errors setting "%s", Invalid quote specification "%s", POD document had syntax errors =item BUGS =item CAVEATS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike, =for stopwords overstrike =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item ENVIRONMENT =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Usage - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ARGUMENTS C<-message> I<string>, C<-msg> I<string>, C<-exitval> I<value>, C<-verbose> I<value>, C<-sections> I<spec>, C<-output> I<handle>, C<-input> I<handle>, C<-pathlist> I<string>, C<-noperldoc>, C<-perlcmd>, C<-perldoc> I<path-to-perldoc>, C<-perldocopt> I<string> =over 4 =item Formatting base class =item Pass-through options =back =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Scripts =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Recommended Use =back =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tie =back =item EXPORTS =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING =item METHODS =over 4 =item permit (OP, ...) =item permit_only (OP, ...) =item deny (OP, ...) =item deny_only (OP, ...) =item trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...) =item share (NAME, ...) =item share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF) =item varglob (VARNAME) =item reval (STRING, STRICT) =item rdo (FILENAME) =item root (NAMESPACE) =item mask (MASK) =item wrap_code_ref (CODEREF) =item wrap_code_refs_within (...) =back =item RISKS Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS FOR REFERENCES =over 4 =item blessed =item refaddr =item reftype =item weaken =item unweaken =item isweak =back =item OTHER FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item dualvar =item isdual =item isvstring =item looks_like_number =item openhandle =item readonly =item set_prototype =item tainted =back =item DIAGNOSTICS Weak references are not implemented in the version of perl, Vstrings are not implemented in the version of perl =item KNOWN BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Search::Dict - look - search for key in dictionary file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The __DATA__ token =item SelfLoader autoloading =item Autoloading and package lexicals =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. =item Classes and inherited methods. =back =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE a), b) =back =head2 Socket, C<Socket> - networking constants and support functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item CONSTANTS =back =over 4 =item PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ... =item AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ... =item SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ... =item SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC =item SOL_SOCKET =item SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ... =item IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ... =item IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ... =item MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ... =item SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR =item INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE =item IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ... =item TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ... =item IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK =item IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ... =back =over 4 =item STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS =back =over 4 =item $family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr =item $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address =item ($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr =item $sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address =item ($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr =item $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]] =item ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr =item $sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]] =item ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr =item $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path =item ($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr =item $sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path =item ($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr =item $ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface =item ($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq =item $ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface =item ($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq =item $ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex =item ($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq =back =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item $ip_address = inet_aton $string =item $string = inet_ntoa $ip_address =item $address = inet_pton $family, $string =item $string = inet_ntop $family, $address =item ($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints] flags => INT, family => INT, socktype => INT, protocol => INT, family => INT, socktype => INT, protocol => INT, addr => STRING, canonname => STRING, AI_PASSIVE, AI_CANONNAME, AI_NUMERICHOST =item ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]] NI_NUMERICHOST, NI_NUMERICSERV, NI_NAMEREQD, NI_DGRAM, NIx_NOHOST, NIx_NOSERV =back =over 4 =item getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS EAI_AGAIN, EAI_BADFLAGS, EAI_FAMILY, EAI_NODATA, EAI_NONAME, EAI_SERVICE =back =over 4 =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Lookup for connect() =item Making a human-readable string out of an address =item Resolving hostnames into IP addresses =item Accessing socket options =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item MEMORY STORE =item ADVISORY LOCKING =item SPEED =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION =item CODE REFERENCES =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable =item ERROR REPORTING =item WIZARDS ONLY =over 4 =item Hooks C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>, .., C<STORABLE_attach> I<class>, I<cloning>, I<serialized> =item Predicates C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>, C<Storable::is_retrieving> =item Recursion =item Deep Cloning =back =item Storable magic $info = Storable::file_magic( $filename ), C<version>, C<version_nv>, C<major>, C<minor>, C<hdrsize>, C<netorder>, C<byteorder>, C<intsize>, C<longsize>, C<ptrsize>, C<nvsize>, C<file>, $info = Storable::read_magic( $buffer ), $info = Storable::read_magic( $buffer, $must_be_file ) =item EXAMPLES =item SECURITY WARNING =item WARNING =item BUGS =over 4 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 =back =item CREDITS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Sub::Util - A selection of utility subroutines for subs and CODE references =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item prototype =back =over 4 =item set_prototype =back =over 4 =item subname =back =over 4 =item set_subname =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =back =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTS =item FUNCTIONS B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>, B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>, B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock()>, B<Note>, B<closelog()> =item THE RULES OF SYS::SYSLOG =item EXAMPLES =item CONSTANTS =over 4 =item Facilities =item Levels =back =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Invalid argument passed to setlogsock>, C<eventlog passed to setlogsock, but no Win32 API available>, C<no connection to syslog available>, C<stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable>, C<stream passed to setlogsock, but could not find any device>, C<tcp passed to setlogsock, but tcp service unavailable>, C<syslog: expecting argument %s>, C<syslog: invalid level/facility: %s>, C<syslog: too many levels given: %s>, C<syslog: too many facilities given: %s>, C<syslog: level must be given>, C<udp passed to setlogsock, but udp service unavailable>, C<unix passed to setlogsock, but path not available> =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Other modules =item Manual Pages =item RFCs =item Articles =item Event Log =back =item AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item BUGS =item SUPPORT Perl Documentation, MetaCPAN, Search CPAN, AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request tracker =item COPYRIGHT =item LICENSE =back =head2 TAP::Base - Base class that provides common functionality to L<TAP::Parser> and L<TAP::Harness> =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::Base - Base class for harness output delegates =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods C<verbosity>, C<verbose>, C<timer>, C<failures>, C<comments>, C<quiet>, C<really_quiet>, C<silent>, C<errors>, C<directives>, C<stdout>, C<color>, C<jobs>, C<show_count> =back =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::Color - Run Perl test scripts with color =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::Console - Harness output delegate for default console output =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item C<< open_test >> =back =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession - Harness output delegate for parallel console output =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::Console::Session - Harness output delegate for default console output =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item C<< clear_for_close >> =item C<< close_test >> =item C<< header >> =item C<< result >> =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::File - Harness output delegate for file output =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item C<< open_test >> =back =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::File::Session - Harness output delegate for file output =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item result =back =back =over 4 =item close_test =back =head2 TAP::Formatter::Session - Abstract base class for harness output delegate =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods C<formatter>, C<parser>, C<name>, C<show_count> =back =back =head2 TAP::Harness - Run test scripts with statistics =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods C<verbosity>, C<timer>, C<failures>, C<comments>, C<show_count>, C<normalize>, C<lib>, C<switches>, C<test_args>, C<color>, C<exec>, C<merge>, C<sources>, C<aggregator_class>, C<version>, C<formatter_class>, C<multiplexer_class>, C<parser_class>, C<scheduler_class>, C<formatter>, C<errors>, C<directives>, C<ignore_exit>, C<jobs>, C<rules>, C<rulesfiles>, C<stdout>, C<trap> =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back the source name of a test to run, a reference to a [ source name, display name ] array =over 4 =item CONFIGURING =over 4 =item Plugins =item C<Module::Build> =item C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> =item C<prove> =back =item WRITING PLUGINS Customize how TAP gets into the parser, Customize how TAP results are output from the parser =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Methods L</new>, L</runtests>, L</summary> =back =back =over 4 =item REPLACING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Harness::Beyond, Test::Harness::Beyond - Beyond make test =over 4 =item Beyond make test =over 4 =item Saved State =item Parallel Testing =item Non-Perl Tests =item Mixing it up =item Rolling My Own =item Deeper Customisation =item Callbacks =item Parsing TAP =item Getting Support =back =back =head2 TAP::Harness::Env - Parsing harness related environmental variables where appropriate =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS create( \%args ) =item ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>, C<HARNESS_SUBCLASS>, C<HARNESS_OPTIONS>, C<< j<n> >>, C<< c >>, C<< a<file.tgz> >>, C<< fPackage-With-Dashes >>, C<HARNESS_TIMER>, C<HARNESS_COLOR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXIT> =back =head2 TAP::Object - Base class that provides common functionality to all C<TAP::*> modules =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser - Parse L<TAP|Test::Harness::TAP> output =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods C<source>, C<tap>, C<exec>, C<sources>, C<callback>, C<switches>, C<test_args>, C<spool>, C<merge>, C<grammar_class>, C<result_factory_class>, C<iterator_factory_class> =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item INDIVIDUAL RESULTS =over 4 =item Result types Version, Plan, Pragma, Test, Comment, Bailout, Unknown =item Common type methods =item C<plan> methods =item C<pragma> methods =item C<comment> methods =item C<bailout> methods =item C<unknown> methods =item C<test> methods =back =item TOTAL RESULTS =over 4 =item Individual Results =back =back =over 4 =item Pragmas =back =over 4 =item Summary Results =back =over 4 =item C<ignore_exit> =back Misplaced plan, No plan, More than one plan, Test numbers out of sequence =over 4 =item CALLBACKS C<test>, C<version>, C<plan>, C<comment>, C<bailout>, C<yaml>, C<unknown>, C<ELSE>, C<ALL>, C<EOF> =item TAP GRAMMAR =item BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY =over 4 =item Differences TODO plans, 'Missing' tests =back =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Parser Components option 1, option 2 =back =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Michael Schwern, Andy Lester, chromatic, GEOFFR, Shlomi Fish, Torsten Schoenfeld, Jerry Gay, Aristotle, Adam Kennedy, Yves Orton, Adrian Howard, Sean & Lil, Andreas J. Koenig, Florian Ragwitz, Corion, Mark Stosberg, Matt Kraai, David Wheeler, Alex Vandiver, Cosimo Streppone, Ville Skyttä =item AUTHORS =item BUGS =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Aggregator - Aggregate TAP::Parser results =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item Summary methods failed, parse_errors, passed, planned, skipped, todo, todo_passed, wait, exit =back Failed tests, Parse errors, Bad exit or wait status =over 4 =item See Also =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Grammar - A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item TAP GRAMMAR =item SUBCLASSING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Iterator - Base class for TAP source iterators =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =item Instance Methods =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array - Iterator for array-based TAP sources =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =item Instance Methods =back =back =over 4 =item ATTRIBUTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process - Iterator for process-based TAP sources =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =item Instance Methods =back =back =over 4 =item ATTRIBUTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream - Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item ATTRIBUTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory - Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given Source =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item AUTHORS =item ATTRIBUTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Multiplexer - Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item See Also =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result - Base class for TAP::Parser output objects =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =back =over 4 =item Boolean methods C<is_plan>, C<is_pragma>, C<is_test>, C<is_comment>, C<is_bailout>, C<is_version>, C<is_unknown>, C<is_yaml> =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout - Bailout result token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Comment - Comment result token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Plan - Plan result token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string>, C<raw> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma - TAP pragma token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string>, C<raw> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Test - Test result token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown - Unknown result token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string>, C<raw> =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::Version - TAP syntax version token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string>, C<raw> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML - YAML result token. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDDEN METHODS C<as_string>, C<raw> =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::ResultFactory - Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =item Class Methods =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Scheduler - Schedule tests during parallel testing =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =item Rules data structure By default, all tests are eligible to be run in parallel. Specifying any of your own rules removes this one, "First match wins". The first rule that matches a test will be the one that applies, Any test which does not match a rule will be run in sequence at the end of the run, The existence of a rule does not imply selecting a test. You must still specify the tests to run, Specifying a rule to allow tests to run in parallel does not make the run in parallel. You still need specify the number of parallel C<jobs> in your Harness object =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job - A single testing job. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item Attributes =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner - A no-op job. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::Source - a TAP source & meta data about it =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item Instance Methods =back =over 4 =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler - Base class for different TAP source handlers =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable - Stream output from an executable TAP source =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File - Stream TAP from a text file. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item CONFIGURATION =item SUBCLASSING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle - Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl - Stream TAP from a Perl executable =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =over 4 =item Example =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP - Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref. =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =back =back =over 4 =item SUBCLASSING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader - Read YAMLish data from iterator =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =item Instance Methods =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer - Write YAMLish data =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Class Methods =item Instance Methods a reference to a scalar to append YAML to, the handle of an open file, a reference to an array into which YAML will be pushed, a code reference =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Supported Colors =item Function Interface color(ATTR[, ATTR ...]), colored(STRING, ATTR[, ATTR ...]), colored(ATTR-REF, STRING[, STRING...]), uncolor(ESCAPE), colorstrip(STRING[, STRING ...]), colorvalid(ATTR[, ATTR ...]), coloralias(ALIAS[, ATTR]) =item Constant Interface =item The Color Stack =back =item DIAGNOSTICS Bad color mapping %s, Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Cannot alias standard color %s, Cannot alias standard color %s in %s, Invalid alias name %s, Invalid alias name %s in %s, Invalid attribute name %s, Invalid attribute name %s in %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s =item ENVIRONMENT ANSI_COLORS_ALIASES, ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED =item COMPATIBILITY =item RESTRICTIONS =item NOTES =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item METHODS =back =back B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH> B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH> B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH> B<Trequire> =over 4 =item EXAMPLES =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt> =item DIAGNOSTICS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Minimal set of supported functions C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features> =item Additional supported functions C<tkRunning>, C<event_loop>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY> =item EXPORTS =item ENVIRONMENT =back =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item QUICK START GUIDE =over 4 =item Functions C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>, C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub> =back =back B<_to_value> C<ok(...)> C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)> =over 4 =item TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =item ONFAIL =item BUGS and CAVEATS =item ENVIRONMENT =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Test2 - Framework for writing test tools that all work together. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item WHAT IS NEW? Easier to test new testing tools, Better diagnostics capabilities, Event driven, More complete API, Support for output other than TAP, Subtest implementation is more sane, Support for threading/forking =back =item GETTING STARTED =back =head2 Test2, This describes the namespace layout for the Test2 ecosystem. Not all the namespaces listed here are part of the Test2 distribution, some are implemented in L<Test2::Suite>. =over 4 =item Test2::Tools:: =item Test2::Plugin:: =item Test2::Bundle:: =item Test2::Require:: =item Test2::Formatter:: =item Test2::Event:: =item Test2::Hub:: =item Test2::IPC:: =item Test2::Util:: =item Test2::API:: =item Test2:: =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item CONTACTING US =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::API - Primary interface for writing Test2 based testing tools. =over 4 =item ***INTERNALS NOTE*** =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item WRITING A TOOL =item TESTING YOUR TOOLS =item OTHER API FUNCTIONS =back =item MAIN API EXPORTS =over 4 =item context(...) $ctx = context(), $ctx = context(%params), level => $int, wrapped => $int, stack => $stack, hub => $hub, on_init => sub { ... }, on_release => sub { ... } =item release($;$) release $ctx;, release $ctx, ...; =item context_do(&;@) =item no_context(&;$) no_context { ... };, no_context { ... } $hid; =item intercept(&) =item run_subtest(...) $NAME, \&CODE, $BUFFERED or \%PARAMS, 'buffered' => $bool, 'inherit_trace' => $bool, @ARGS, Things not effected by this flag, Things that are effected by this flag, Things that are formatter dependant =back =item OTHER API EXPORTS =over 4 =item STATUS AND INITIALIZATION STATE $bool = test2_init_done(), $bool = test2_load_done(), test2_set_is_end(), test2_set_is_end($bool), $bool = test2_get_is_end(), $stack = test2_stack(), $bool = test2_no_wait(), test2_no_wait($bool) =item BEHAVIOR HOOKS test2_add_callback_exit(sub { ... }), test2_add_callback_post_load(sub { ... }), test2_add_callback_context_acquire(sub { ... }), test2_add_callback_context_init(sub { ... }), test2_add_callback_context_release(sub { ... }), @list = test2_list_context_acquire_callbacks(), @list = test2_list_context_init_callbacks(), @list = test2_list_context_release_callbacks(), @list = test2_list_exit_callbacks(), @list = test2_list_post_load_callbacks() =item IPC AND CONCURRENCY $ipc = test2_ipc(), test2_ipc_add_driver($DRIVER), @drivers = test2_ipc_drivers(), $bool = test2_ipc_polling(), test2_ipc_enable_polling(), test2_ipc_disable_polling(), test2_ipc_enable_shm(), test2_ipc_set_pending($uniq_val), $pending = test2_ipc_get_pending() =item MANAGING FORMATTERS $formatter = test2_formatter, test2_formatter_set($class_or_instance), @formatters = test2_formatters(), test2_formatter_add($class_or_instance) =back =item OTHER EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item MAGIC =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::API::Breakage - What breaks at what version =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS %mod_ver = upgrade_suggested(), %mod_ver = Test2::API::Breakage->upgrade_suggested(), %mod_ver = upgrade_required(), %mod_ver = Test2::API::Breakage->upgrade_required(), %mod_ver = known_broken(), %mod_ver = Test2::API::Breakage->known_broken() =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::API::Context - Object to represent a testing context. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item CRITICAL DETAILS you MUST always use the context() sub from Test2::API, You MUST always release the context when done with it, You MUST NOT pass context objects around, You MUST NOT store or cache a context for later, You SHOULD obtain your context as soon as possible in a given tool =item METHODS $ctx->done_testing;, $clone = $ctx->snapshot(), $ctx->release(), $ctx->throw($message), $ctx->alert($message), $stack = $ctx->stack(), $hub = $ctx->hub(), $dbg = $ctx->trace(), $ctx->do_in_context(\&code, @args);, $ctx->restore_error_vars(), $! = $ctx->errno(), $? = $ctx->child_error(), $@ = $ctx->eval_error() =over 4 =item EVENT PRODUCTION METHODS $event = $ctx->ok($bool, $name), $event = $ctx->ok($bool, $name, \@on_fail), $event = $ctx->info($renderer, diagnostics => $bool, %other_params), $event = $ctx->note($message), $event = $ctx->diag($message), $event = $ctx->plan($max), $event = $ctx->plan(0, 'SKIP', $reason), $event = $ctx->skip($name, $reason);, $event = $ctx->bail($reason), $event = $ctx->send_event($Type, %parameters), $event = $ctx->build_event($Type, %parameters) =back =item HOOKS =over 4 =item INIT HOOKS =item RELEASE HOOKS =back =item THIRD PARTY META-DATA =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt>, Kent Fredric E<lt>kentnl@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::API::Instance - Object used by Test2::API under the hood =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS $pid = $obj->pid, $obj->tid, $obj->reset(), $obj->load(), $bool = $obj->loaded, $arrayref = $obj->post_load_callbacks, $obj->add_post_load_callback(sub { ... }), $hashref = $obj->contexts(), $arrayref = $obj->context_acquire_callbacks, $arrayref = $obj->context_init_callbacks, $arrayref = $obj->context_release_callbacks, $obj->add_context_init_callback(sub { ... }), $obj->add_context_release_callback(sub { ... }), $obj->set_exit(), $obj->ipc_enable_shm(), $shm_id = $obj->ipc_shm_id(), $shm_size = $obj->ipc_shm_size(), $shm_last_val = $obj->ipc_shm_last(), $obj->set_ipc_pending($val), $pending = $obj->get_ipc_pending(), $drivers = $obj->ipc_drivers, $obj->add_ipc_driver($DRIVER_CLASS), $bool = $obj->ipc_polling, $obj->enable_ipc_polling, $obj->disable_ipc_polling, $bool = $obj->no_wait, $bool = $obj->set_no_wait($bool), $arrayref = $obj->exit_callbacks, $obj->add_exit_callback(sub { ... }), $bool = $obj->finalized, $ipc = $obj->ipc, $stack = $obj->stack, $formatter = $obj->formatter, $bool = $obj->formatter_set(), $obj->add_formatter($class), $obj->add_formatter($obj) =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::API::Stack - Object to manage a stack of L<Test2::Hub> instances. =over 4 =item ***INTERNALS NOTE*** =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $stack = Test2::API::Stack->new(), $hub = $stack->new_hub(), $hub = $stack->new_hub(%params), $hub = $stack->new_hub(%params, class => $class), $hub = $stack->top(), $hub = $stack->peek(), $stack->cull, @hubs = $stack->all, $stack->clear, $stack->push($hub), $stack->pop($hub) =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event - Base class for events =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $trace = $e->trace, $bool = $e->causes_fail, $bool = $e->increments_count, $e->callback($hub), $call = $e->created, $num = $e->nested, $bool = $e->global, $code = $e->terminate, $todo = $e->todo, $e->set_todo($todo), $bool = $e->diag_todo, $e->diag_todo($todo), $msg = $e->summary, ($count, $directive, $reason) = $e->sets_plan(), $bool = $e->diagnostics, $bool = $e->no_display, $id = $e->in_subtest, $id = $e->subtest_id, $hashref = $e->TO_JSON, $e = Test2::Event->from_json(%$hashref) =item THIRD PARTY META-DATA =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Bail - Bailout! =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $reason = $e->reason =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Diag - Diag event type =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item ACCESSORS $diag->message =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Encoding - Set the encoding for the output stream =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $encoding = $e->encoding =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Exception - Exception event =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $reason = $e->error =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Generic - Generic event type. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $e->callback($hub), $e->set_callback(sub { ... }), $bool = $e->causes_fail, $e->set_causes_fail($bool), $bool = $e->diagnostics, $e->set_diagnostics($bool), $bool_or_undef = $e->global, @bool_or_empty = $e->global, $e->set_global($bool_or_undef), $bool = $e->increments_count, $e->set_increments_count($bool), $bool = $e->no_display, $e->set_no_display($bool), @plan = $e->sets_plan, $e->set_sets_plan(\@plan), $summary = $e->summary, $e->set_summary($summary_or_undef), $int_or_undef = $e->terminate, @int_or_empty = $e->terminate, $e->set_terminate($int_or_undef) =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Info - Info event base class =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item FORMATS 'text', 'ansi', 'html' =item ACCESSORS $bool = $info->diagnostics(), $info->set_diagnostics($bool) =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Note - Note event type =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item ACCESSORS $note->message =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Ok - Ok event type =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item ACCESSORS $rb = $e->pass, $name = $e->name, $b = $e->effective_pass, $b = $e->allow_bad_name =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Plan - The event of a plan =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item ACCESSORS $num = $plan->max, $dir = $plan->directive, $reason = $plan->reason =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Skip - Skip event type =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item ACCESSORS $reason = $e->reason =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Subtest - Event for subtest types =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item ACCESSORS $arrayref = $e->subevents, $bool = $e->buffered =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::TAP::Version - Event for TAP version. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $version = $e->version =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Event::Waiting - Tell all procs/threads it is time to be done =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Formatter - Namespace for formatters. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item CREATING FORMATTERS The number of tests that were planned, The number of tests actually seen, The number of tests which failed, A boolean indicating whether or not the test suite passed, A boolean indicating whether or not this call is for a subtest =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Formatter::TAP - Standard TAP formatter =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $bool = $tap->no_numbers, $tap->set_no_numbers($bool), $arrayref = $tap->handles, $tap->set_handles(\@handles);, $encoding = $tap->encoding, $tap->encoding($encoding), $tap->write($e, $num), Test2::Formatter::TAP->register_event($pkg, sub { ... }); =over 4 =item EVENT METHODS @out = $TAP->event_ok($e), @out = $TAP->event_ok($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_plan($e), @out = $TAP->event_plan($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_note($e), @out = $TAP->event_note($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_diag($e), @out = $TAP->event_diag($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_bail($e), @out = $TAP->event_bail($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_exception($e), @out = $TAP->event_exception($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_skip($e), @out = $TAP->event_skip($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_subtest($e), @out = $TAP->event_subtest($e, $num), @out = $TAP->event_other($e, $num) =back =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt>, Kent Fredric E<lt>kentnl@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Hub - The conduit through which all events flow. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item COMMON TASKS =over 4 =item SENDING EVENTS =item ALTERING OR REMOVING EVENTS =item LISTENING FOR EVENTS =item POST-TEST BEHAVIORS =item SETTING THE FORMATTER =back =item METHODS $hub->send($event), $hub->process($event), $old = $hub->format($formatter), $sub = $hub->listen(sub { ... }, %optional_params), $hub->unlisten($sub), $sub = $hub->filter(sub { ... }, %optional_params), $sub = $hub->pre_filter(sub { ... }, %optional_params), $hub->unfilter($sub), $hub->pre_unfilter($sub), $hub->follow_op(sub { ... }), $sub = $hub->add_context_acquire(sub { ... });, $hub->remove_context_acquire($sub);, $sub = $hub->add_context_init(sub { ... });, $hub->remove_context_init($sub);, $sub = $hub->add_context_release(sub { ... });, $hub->remove_context_release($sub);, $hub->cull(), $pid = $hub->pid(), $tid = $hub->tid(), $hud = $hub->hid(), $ipc = $hub->ipc(), $hub->set_no_ending($bool), $bool = $hub->no_ending, $bool = $hub->active, $hub->set_active($bool) =over 4 =item STATE METHODS $hub->reset_state(), $num = $hub->count, $num = $hub->failed, $bool = $hub->ended, $bool = $hub->is_passing, $hub->is_passing($bool), $hub->plan($plan), $plan = $hub->plan, $bool = $hub->check_plan =back =item THIRD PARTY META-DATA =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Hub::Interceptor - Hub used by interceptor to grab results. =over 4 =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator - Exception class used by Test2::Hub::Interceptor =over 4 =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Hub::Subtest - Hub used by subtests =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item TOGGLES $bool = $hub->manual_skip_all, $hub->set_manual_skip_all($bool) =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::IPC - Turn on IPC for threading or forking support. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item EXPORTS cull() =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::IPC::Driver - Base class for Test2 IPC drivers. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $self->abort($msg), $self->abort_trace($msg), $false = $self->use_shm =item LOADING DRIVERS =item WRITING DRIVERS =over 4 =item METHODS SUBCLASSES MUST IMPLEMENT $ipc->is_viable, $ipc->add_hub($hid), $ipc->drop_hub($hid), $ipc->send($hid, $event);, $ipc->send($hid, $event, $global);, @events = $ipc->cull($hid), $ipc->waiting() =item METHODS SUBCLASSES MAY IMPLEMENT OR OVERRIDE $bool = $ipc->use_shm(), $bites = $ipc->shm_size() =back =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::IPC::Driver::Files - Temp dir + Files concurrency model. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES T2_KEEP_TEMPDIR=0, T2_TEMPDIR_TEMPLATE='test2-XXXXXX' =item SEE ALSO =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Tools::Tiny - Tiny set of tools for unfortunate souls who cannot use L<Test2::Suite>. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item USE Test2::Suite INSTEAD =item EXPORTS ok($bool, $name), ok($bool, $name, @diag), is($got, $want, $name), is($got, $want, $name, @diag), isnt($got, $do_not_want, $name), isnt($got, $do_not_want, $name, @diag), like($got, $regex, $name), like($got, $regex, $name, @diag), unlike($got, $regex, $name), unlike($got, $regex, $name, @diag), is_deeply($got, $want, $name), is_deeply($got, $want, $name, @diag), diag($msg), note($msg), skip_all($reason), todo $reason => sub { ... }, plan($count), done_testing(), $warnings = warnings { ... }, $exception = exception { ... }, tests $name => sub { ... }, $output = capture { ... } =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Transition - Transition notes when upgrading to Test2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item THINGS THAT BREAK =over 4 =item Test::Builder1.5/2 conditionals =item Replacing the Test::Builder singleton =item Directly Accessing Hash Elements =item Subtest indentation =back =item DISTRIBUTIONS THAT BREAK OR NEED TO BE UPGRADED =over 4 =item WORKS BUT TESTS WILL FAIL Test::DBIx::Class::Schema, Test::Kit, Device::Chip =item UPGRADE SUGGESTED Test::Exception, Data::Peek, circular::require, Test::Module::Used, Test::Moose::More, Test::FITesque, autouse =item NEED TO UPGRADE Test::SharedFork, Test::Builder::Clutch, Test::Dist::VersionSync, Test::Modern, Test::UseAllModules =item STILL BROKEN Test::Aggregate, Test::Wrapper, Test::ParallelSubtest, Test::Pretty, Test::More::Prefix, Net::BitTorrent, Test::Group, Test::Flatten, Log::Dispatch::Config::TestLog, Test::Able =back =item MAKE ASSERTIONS -> SEND EVENTS =over 4 =item LEGACY =item TEST2 ok($bool, $name), diag(@messages), note(@messages), subtest($name, $code) =back =item WRAP EXISTING TOOLS =over 4 =item LEGACY =item TEST2 =back =item USING UTF8 =over 4 =item LEGACY =item TEST2 =back =item AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS Chad Granum (EXODIST) E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINER Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Util - Tools used by Test2 and friends. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTS ($success, $error) = try { ... }, protect { ... }, CAN_FORK, CAN_REALLY_FORK, CAN_THREAD, USE_THREADS, get_tid, my $file = pkg_to_file($package) =item NOTES && CAVEATS Devel::Cover =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt>, Kent Fredric E<lt>kentnl@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Util::ExternalMeta - Allow third party tools to safely attach meta-data to your instances. =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item WHERE IS THE DATA STORED? =item EXPORTS $val = $obj->meta($key), $val = $obj->meta($key, $default), $val = $obj->get_meta($key), $val = $obj->delete_meta($key), $obj->set_meta($key, $val) =item META-KEY RESTRICTIONS =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Util::HashBase - Build hash based classes. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item THIS IS A BUNDLED COPY OF HASHBASE =item METHODS =over 4 =item PROVIDED BY HASH BASE $it = $class->new(@VALUES) =item HOOKS $self->init() =back =item ACCESSORS foo(), set_foo(), FOO() =item SUBCLASSING =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test2::Util::Trace - Debug information for events =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $trace->set_detail($msg), $msg = $trace->detail, $str = $trace->debug, $trace->alert($MESSAGE), $trace->throw($MESSAGE), $frame = $trace->frame(), ($package, $file, $line, $subname) = $trace->call(), $pkg = $trace->package, $file = $trace->file, $line = $trace->line, $subname = $trace->subname, $hashref = $t->TO_JSON, $t = Test2::Util::Trace->from_json(%$hashref) =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Construction B<new>, B<create>, B<subtest>, B<name>, B<reset> =item Setting up tests B<plan>, B<expected_tests>, B<no_plan>, B<done_testing>, B<has_plan>, B<skip_all>, B<exported_to> =item Running tests B<ok>, B<is_eq>, B<is_num>, B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>, B<like>, B<unlike>, B<cmp_ok> =item Other Testing Methods B<BAIL_OUT>, B<skip>, B<todo_skip>, B<skip_rest> =item Test building utility methods B<maybe_regex>, B<is_fh> =back =back =over 4 =item Test style B<level>, B<use_numbers>, B<no_diag>, B<no_ending>, B<no_header> =item Output B<diag>, B<note>, B<explain>, B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>, reset_outputs, carp, croak =item Test Status and Info B<current_test>, B<is_passing>, B<summary>, B<details>, B<todo>, B<find_TODO>, B<in_todo>, B<todo_start>, C<todo_end>, B<caller> =back =over 4 =item EXIT CODES =item THREADS =item MEMORY =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Builder::Formatter - Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Formatter::TAP =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item METHODS $f->event_todo_diag, $f->event_diag, $f->event_plan =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Builder::IO::Scalar - A copy of IO::Scalar for Test::Builder =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item COPYRIGHT and LICENSE =back =over 4 =item Construction =back new [ARGS...] open [SCALARREF] opened close =over 4 =item Input and output =back flush getc getline getlines print ARGS.. read BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] write BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] sysread BUF, LEN, [OFFSET] syswrite BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] =over 4 =item Seeking/telling and other attributes =back autoflush binmode clearerr eof seek OFFSET, WHENCE sysseek OFFSET, WHENCE tell use_RS [YESNO] setpos POS getpos sref =over 4 =item WARNINGS =item VERSION =item AUTHORS =over 4 =item Primary Maintainer =item Principal author =item Other contributors =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Test::Builder::Module - Base class for test modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Importing =back =back =over 4 =item Builder =back =head2 Test::Builder::Tester - test testsuites that have been built with Test::Builder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item Functions test_out, test_err =back test_fail test_diag test_test, title (synonym 'name', 'label'), skip_out, skip_err line_num color =over 4 =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Test::Builder::Tester::Color - turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Test::Builder::TodoDiag - Test::Builder subclass of Test2::Event::Diag =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SYNOPSIS =item SOURCE =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item AUTHORS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics =over 4 =item VERSION =back =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item runtests( @test_files ) =back =back =over 4 =item execute_tests( tests => \@test_files, out => \*FH ) =back =over 4 =item EXPORT =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TAP::HARNESS::COMPATIBLE SETS C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_VERSION> =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_TIMER>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>, C<HARNESS_OPTIONS>, C<< j<n> >>, C<< c >>, C<< a<file.tgz> >>, C<< fPackage-With-Dashes >>, C<HARNESS_SUBCLASS>, C<HARNESS_SUMMARY_COLOR_SUCCESS>, C<HARNESS_SUMMARY_COLOR_FAIL> =item Taint Mode =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item LICENCE AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item I love it when a plan comes together =back =back B<done_testing> =over 4 =item Test names =item I'm ok, you're not ok. B<ok> =back B<is>, B<isnt> B<like> B<unlike> B<cmp_ok> B<can_ok> B<isa_ok> B<new_ok> B<subtest> B<pass>, B<fail> =over 4 =item Module tests B<require_ok> =back B<use_ok> =over 4 =item Complex data structures B<is_deeply> =back =over 4 =item Diagnostics B<diag>, B<note> =back B<explain> =over 4 =item Conditional tests B<SKIP: BLOCK> =back B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip> When do I use SKIP vs. TODO? =over 4 =item Test control B<BAIL_OUT> =back =over 4 =item Discouraged comparison functions B<eq_array> =back B<eq_hash> B<eq_set> =over 4 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More B<builder> =back =over 4 =item EXIT CODES =item COMPATIBILITY subtests, C<done_testing()>, C<cmp_ok()>, C<new_ok()> C<note()> and C<explain()> =item CAVEATS and NOTES utf8 / "Wide character in print", Overloaded objects, Threads =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item ALTERNATIVES =item TESTING FRAMEWORKS =item ADDITIONAL LIBRARIES =item OTHER COMPONENTS =item BUNDLES =back =item AUTHORS =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item BUGS =item SOURCE =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<ok> =back =over 4 =item EXAMPLE =item CAVEATS =item NOTES =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO L<Test::More> =item AUTHORS =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Tester - Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item HOW TO USE (THE EASY WAY) =item HOW TO USE (THE HARD WAY) =item TEST RESULTS ok, actual_ok, name, type, reason, diag, depth =item SPACES AND TABS =item COLOUR =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =item HOW IT WORKS =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 Test::Tester::Capture - Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 Test::Tester::CaptureRunner - Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Nuts and bolts of testing. =item Where to start? =item Names =item Test the manual =item Sometimes the tests are wrong =item Testing lots of values =item Informative names =item Skipping tests =item Todo tests =item Testing with taint mode. =back =item FOOTNOTES =item AUTHORS =item MAINTAINERS Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::use::ok - Alternative to Test::More::use_ok =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item MAINTAINER Chad Granum E<lt>exodist@cpan.orgE<gt> =item CC0 1.0 Universal =back =head2 Text::Abbrev - abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =back =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item General behaviour in list contexts [0], [1], [2] =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts =item A note about prefixes =item C<extract_delimited> =item C<extract_bracketed> =item C<extract_variable> [0], [1], [2] =item C<extract_tagged> C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>, [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] =item C<gen_extract_tagged> =item C<extract_quotelike> [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents" [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10] =item C<extract_codeblock> =item C<extract_multiple> =item C<gen_delimited_pat> =item C<delimited_pat> =back =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>, C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">, C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>, C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>, C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag: /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing tag> =item AUTHOR =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES 0Z<>, 1Z<>, 2Z<>, 3Z<>, 4Z<>, 5Z<> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Text::Tabs - expand and unexpand tabs like unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTS expand, unexpand, $tabstop =item EXAMPLE =item SUBVERSION =item BUGS =item LICENSE =back =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDES =item EXAMPLES =item SUBVERSION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =back =head2 Thread - Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) =over 4 =item DEPRECATED =item HISTORY =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield =item METHODS join, detach, equal, tid, done =item DEFUNCT lock(\&sub), eval, flags =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Thread::Queue - Thread-safe queues =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION Ordinary scalars, Array refs, Hash refs, Scalar refs, Objects based on the above =item QUEUE CREATION ->new(), ->new(LIST) =item BASIC METHODS ->enqueue(LIST), ->dequeue(), ->dequeue(COUNT), ->dequeue_nb(), ->dequeue_nb(COUNT), ->dequeue_timed(TIMEOUT), ->dequeue_timed(TIMEOUT, COUNT), ->pending(), ->limit, ->end() =item ADVANCED METHODS ->peek(), ->peek(INDEX), ->insert(INDEX, LIST), ->extract(), ->extract(INDEX), ->extract(INDEX, COUNT) =item NOTES =item LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =item MAINTAINER =item LICENSE =back =head2 Thread::Semaphore - Thread-safe semaphores =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS ->new(), ->new(NUMBER), ->down(), ->down(NUMBER), ->down_nb(), ->down_nb(NUMBER), ->down_force(), ->down_force(NUMBER), ->down_timed(TIMEOUT), ->down_timed(TIMEOUT, NUMBER), ->up(), ->up(NUMBER) =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item MAINTAINER =item LICENSE =back =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item C<recsep> =item C<autochomp> =item C<mode> =item C<memory> =item C<dw_size> =item Option Format =back =item Public Methods =over 4 =item C<flock> =item C<autochomp> =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer> =item C<offset> =back =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle =item Deferred Writing =over 4 =item Autodeferring =back =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES =item CAVEATS =item SUBCLASSING =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>? =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item WARRANTY =item THANKS =item TODO =back =head2 Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION =item COMPATIBILITY =back =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for tied hashes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, SCALAR this =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash> =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash> =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY> =item MORE INFORMATION =back =head2 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture - Named regexp capture buffers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize> =item EXAMPLE =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =item THREAD SUPPORT =item STORABLE SUPPORT =item RELIC SUPPORT =item LICENSE =item MAINTAINER =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =over 4 =item Tie::Scalar vs Tie::StdScalar =back =item MORE INFORMATION =back =head2 Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =back =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ), clock_gettime ( $which ), clock_getres ( $which ), clock_nanosleep ( $which, $nanoseconds, $flags = 0), clock(), stat, stat FH, stat EXPR, lstat, lstat FH, lstat EXPR, utime LIST =item EXAMPLES =item C API =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item useconds or interval more than ... =item negative time not invented yet =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...) =item useconds or uinterval equal to or more than 1000000 =item unimplemented in this platform =back =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Time::Local - Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item C<timelocal()> and C<timegm()> =item C<timelocal_nocheck()> and C<timegm_nocheck()> =item Year Value Interpretation =item Limits of time_t =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST) =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST) =item Negative Epoch Values =back =item IMPLEMENTATION =item AUTHORS EMERITUS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =over 4 =item Local Locales =item Date Calculations =item Date Comparisons =item Date Parsing =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss =item Week Number =item Global Overriding =back =item CAVEATS =over 4 =item Setting $ENV{TZ} in Threads on Win32 =item Use of epoch seconds =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =back =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item Bugs =back =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->isa( TYPE ) } >>, C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->DOES( ROLE ) >>, C<< CLASS->DOES( ROLE ) >>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->can( METHOD ) } >>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )> =item WARNINGS =item EXPORTS =back =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Constructor and Tailoring UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, highestFFFF, identical, ignoreChar, ignoreName, ignore_level2, katakana_before_hiragana, level, long_contraction, minimalFFFE, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, overrideOut, preprocess, rearrange, rewrite, suppress, table, undefChar, undefName, upper_before_lower, variable =item Methods for Collation C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>, C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm = $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)> =item Methods for Searching C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>, C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match = $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count = $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count = $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)> =item Other Methods C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$modified_collator = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version = $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()> =back =item EXPORT =item INSTALL =item CAVEATS Normalization, Conformance Test =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item SEE ALSO Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35 =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5 - weighting CJK Unified Ideographs for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312 - weighting CJK Unified Ideographs for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208 - weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean - weighting CJK Unified Ideographs for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin - weighting CJK Unified Ideographs for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke - weighting CJK Unified Ideographs for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin - weighting CJK Unified Ideographs for Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEAT =item SEE ALSO CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Collate::Locale> =back =head2 Unicode::Collate::Locale - Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Constructor =item Methods C<$Collator-E<gt>getlocale>, C<$Collator-E<gt>locale_version> =item A list of tailorable locales =back =item INSTALL =item CAVEAT Tailoring is not maximum, Collation reordering is not supported =over 4 =item Reference =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET), Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) - UTS #35, CLDR - Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, L<Unicode::Collate>, L<Unicode::Normalize> =back =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Normalization Forms C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>, C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>, C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>, C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)> =item Decomposition and Composition C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string [, $useCompatMapping])>, C<$reordered_string = reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>, C<($processed, $unprocessed) = splitOnLastStarter($normalized)>, C<$processed = normalize_partial($form, $unprocessed)>, C<$processed = NFD_partial($unprocessed)>, C<$processed = NFC_partial($unprocessed)>, C<$processed = NFKD_partial($unprocessed)>, C<$processed = NFKC_partial($unprocessed)> =item Quick Check C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result = checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result = check($form_name, $string)> =item Character Data C<$canonical_decomposition = getCanon($code_point)>, C<$compatibility_decomposition = getCompat($code_point)>, C<$code_point_composite = getComposite($code_point_here, $code_point_next)>, C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($code_point)>, C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($code_point)>, C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($code_point)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($code_point)>, C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($code_point)>, C<$is_Full_Composition_Exclusion = isComp_Ex($code_point)>, C<$NFD_is_NO = isNFD_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFC_is_NO = isNFC_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFC_is_MAYBE = isNFC_MAYBE($code_point)>, C<$NFKD_is_NO = isNFKD_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFKC_is_NO = isNFKC_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFKC_is_MAYBE = isNFKC_MAYBE($code_point)> =back =item EXPORT =item CAVEATS Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition mapping, Revised definition of canonical composition =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/CompositionExclusions.txt, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt, http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/ =back =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item code point argument =back =back =over 4 =item B<charinfo()> B<code>, B<name>, B<category>, B<combining>, B<bidi>, B<decomposition>, B<decimal>, B<digit>, B<numeric>, B<mirrored>, B<unicode10>, B<comment>, B<upper>, B<lower>, B<title>, B<block>, B<script> =back =over 4 =item B<charprop()> Block, Decomposition_Mapping, Name_Alias, Numeric_Value, Script_Extensions =back =over 4 =item B<charprops_all()> =back =over 4 =item B<charblock()> =back =over 4 =item B<charscript()> =back =over 4 =item B<charblocks()> =back =over 4 =item B<charscripts()> =back =over 4 =item B<charinrange()> =back =over 4 =item B<general_categories()> =back =over 4 =item B<bidi_types()> =back =over 4 =item B<compexcl()> =back =over 4 =item B<casefold()> B<code>, B<full>, B<simple>, B<mapping>, B<status>, Z<>B<*> If you use this C<I> mapping, Z<>B<*> If you exclude this C<I> mapping, B<turkic> =back =over 4 =item B<all_casefolds()> =back =over 4 =item B<casespec()> B<code>, B<lower>, B<title>, B<upper>, B<condition> =back =over 4 =item B<namedseq()> =back =over 4 =item B<num()> =back =over 4 =item B<prop_aliases()> =back =over 4 =item B<prop_values()> =back =over 4 =item B<prop_value_aliases()> =back =over 4 =item B<prop_invlist()> =back =over 4 =item B<prop_invmap()> B<C<s>>, B<C<sl>>, C<correction>, C<control>, C<alternate>, C<figment>, C<abbreviation>, B<C<a>>, B<C<al>>, B<C<ae>>, B<C<ale>>, B<C<ar>>, B<C<n>>, B<C<ad>> =back =over 4 =item B<search_invlist()> =back =over 4 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion =back =over 4 =item B<Blocks versus Scripts> =item B<Matching Scripts and Blocks> =item Old-style versus new-style block names =item Use with older Unicode versions =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item System Specifics =back =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY March 18th, 2000 =back =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader> =item Backward compatible boilerplate =back =item Order of initialization: early load() =over 4 =item The most hairy case =back =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Can't find '%s' symbol in %s>, C<Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s>, C<Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s> =item LIMITATIONS =item KNOWN BUGS =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =back =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet: =over 4 =item h2ph =item h2xs =item perlbug =item pl2pm =item pod2html =item pod2man =item splain =item xsubpp =back =head1 AUTHOR Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
